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DE69005214D1 - Polyimidsubstrat mit texturierter Oberfläche und Metallbeschichtung solch eines Substrates. - Google Patents

Polyimidsubstrat mit texturierter Oberfläche und Metallbeschichtung solch eines Substrates.

Info

Publication number
DE69005214D1
DE69005214D1 DE90306693T DE69005214T DE69005214D1 DE 69005214 D1 DE69005214 D1 DE 69005214D1 DE 90306693 T DE90306693 T DE 90306693T DE 69005214 T DE69005214 T DE 69005214T DE 69005214 D1 DE69005214 D1 DE 69005214D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
substrate
metal coating
textured surface
polyimide
polyimide substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE90306693T
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE69005214T2 (de
Inventor
Nanyakkara L D Somasiri
Thomas A Speckhard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Publication of DE69005214D1 publication Critical patent/DE69005214D1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE69005214T2 publication Critical patent/DE69005214T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/20—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/024—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. to promote adhesion of the coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/20—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates
    • C23C14/205—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates by cathodic sputtering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
    • C23C18/1639—Substrates other than metallic, e.g. inorganic or organic or non-conductive
    • C23C18/1641—Organic substrates, e.g. resin, plastic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
    • C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
    • C23C18/2046—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment
    • C23C18/2053—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment only one step pretreatment
    • C23C18/206—Use of metal other than noble metals and tin, e.g. activation, sensitisation with metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
    • C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
    • C23C18/2046—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment
    • C23C18/2053—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment only one step pretreatment
    • C23C18/2066—Use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, e.g. activation, sensitisation with polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/38—Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal
    • H05K3/381—Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal by special treatment of the substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
    • C23C18/38—Coating with copper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/901—Printed circuit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31—Surface property or characteristic of web, sheet or block
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31721—Of polyimide

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
DE69005214T 1989-07-11 1990-06-19 Polyimidsubstrat mit texturierter Oberfläche und Metallbeschichtung solch eines Substrates. Expired - Fee Related DE69005214T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/378,369 US4975327A (en) 1989-07-11 1989-07-11 Polyimide substrate having a textured surface and metallizing such a substrate

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE69005214D1 true DE69005214D1 (de) 1994-01-27
DE69005214T2 DE69005214T2 (de) 1994-07-14

Family

ID=23492874

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE69005214T Expired - Fee Related DE69005214T2 (de) 1989-07-11 1990-06-19 Polyimidsubstrat mit texturierter Oberfläche und Metallbeschichtung solch eines Substrates.

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4975327A (de)
EP (1) EP0408205B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0382750A (de)
KR (1) KR910002975A (de)
CA (1) CA2019155A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69005214T2 (de)
MY (1) MY105735A (de)

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2775647B2 (ja) * 1989-11-17 1998-07-16 宇部興産株式会社 メタライズドポリイミドフィルムの製法
US5147518A (en) * 1991-03-07 1992-09-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for adhering metal to polyimide film
US5316802A (en) * 1992-02-20 1994-05-31 Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. Method of forming copper film on substrate
JP2765673B2 (ja) * 1992-06-04 1998-06-18 インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレイション メタライゼーション層及びその形成方法
US5474649A (en) * 1994-03-08 1995-12-12 Applied Materials, Inc. Plasma processing apparatus employing a textured focus ring
US6099939A (en) * 1995-04-13 2000-08-08 International Business Machines Corporation Enhanced adhesion between a vapor deposited metal and an organic polymer surface exhibiting tailored morphology
US6171714B1 (en) 1996-04-18 2001-01-09 Gould Electronics Inc. Adhesiveless flexible laminate and process for making adhesiveless flexible laminate
JP3453033B2 (ja) * 1996-10-23 2003-10-06 株式会社豊田中央研究所 被覆部材およびその製造方法
US6141870A (en) 1997-08-04 2000-11-07 Peter K. Trzyna Method for making electrical device
US6342307B1 (en) 1997-11-24 2002-01-29 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Embedded cluster metal-polymeric micro interface and process for producing the same
CN100449616C (zh) 1999-02-12 2009-01-07 通用电气公司 数据存储介质及其形成方法、压印衬底及检索数据的方法
US7179551B2 (en) 1999-02-12 2007-02-20 General Electric Company Poly(arylene ether) data storage media
US20040106972A1 (en) * 2000-11-20 2004-06-03 Deaton David H. Fenestrated endovascular graft
US7060349B2 (en) * 2002-09-24 2006-06-13 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Resin composition, process for producing the same and electrophotographic fixing member
US20040137251A1 (en) * 2003-01-14 2004-07-15 Davis Michael John Poly(phenylene ether)-polyvinyl thermosetting adhesives films, and substrates made therefrom
KR20060014803A (ko) * 2004-08-12 2006-02-16 삼성전자주식회사 금속 흡착법을 이용한 고체 결정 표면의 형태 제어 방법
EP1862042B1 (de) * 2005-02-08 2013-04-10 FUJIFILM Corporation Verfahren zur bildung eines metallmusters, dadurch erhaltenes metallmuster, dieses verwendende gedruckte leiterplatte und dieses verwendende tft-leiterplatte
CL2012002350A1 (es) * 2012-08-24 2014-08-29 Univ Chile Materiales polimericos con propiedades antifouling biocidas antivirales y antimicrobianas compuesto de una resina termoplastica y/o termo estable y/o recubrimiento organico tipo pintura; metodo de elaboracion; y sus usos.
US10537020B2 (en) 2015-08-17 2020-01-14 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Printed circuit board and electronic component
CN107926116B (zh) * 2015-08-17 2020-07-24 住友电气工业株式会社 印刷线路板和电子部件
JP7311838B2 (ja) * 2019-09-12 2023-07-20 住友金属鉱山株式会社 銅張積層板の製造方法
CN112724446A (zh) * 2020-12-23 2021-04-30 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 一种有机高分子薄膜金属化方法及天线

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3562005A (en) * 1968-04-09 1971-02-09 Western Electric Co Method of generating precious metal-reducing patterns
US3981691A (en) 1974-07-01 1976-09-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Metal-clad dielectric sheeting having an improved bond between the metal and dielectric layers
DE2638799C3 (de) 1976-08-27 1981-12-03 Ibm Deutschland Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Haftung von metallischen Leiterzügen auf Polyimidschichten in integrierten Schaltungen
JP2605010B2 (ja) * 1985-01-11 1997-04-30 インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション 有機基板への金属付着方法
US4720401A (en) * 1985-01-11 1988-01-19 International Business Machines Corporation Enhanced adhesion between metals and polymers
US4710403A (en) 1986-05-05 1987-12-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Metallized polymers
US4775556A (en) 1986-08-05 1988-10-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Process for metallized imaging
US4775449A (en) * 1986-12-29 1988-10-04 General Electric Company Treatment of a polyimide surface to improve the adhesion of metal deposited thereon
US4725504A (en) * 1987-02-24 1988-02-16 Polyonics Corporation Metal coated laminate products made from textured polyimide film
US4806395A (en) * 1987-02-24 1989-02-21 Polyonics Corporation Textured polyimide film

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR910002975A (ko) 1991-02-26
EP0408205B1 (de) 1993-12-15
CA2019155A1 (en) 1991-01-11
JPH0382750A (ja) 1991-04-08
EP0408205A1 (de) 1991-01-16
DE69005214T2 (de) 1994-07-14
US4975327A (en) 1990-12-04
MY105735A (en) 1994-11-30

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