DE60137212D1 - OXIDATION-RESISTANT AND ABRASION-RESISTANT POLYETHYLENE FOR HUMAN JOINT KIT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF - Google Patents
OXIDATION-RESISTANT AND ABRASION-RESISTANT POLYETHYLENE FOR HUMAN JOINT KIT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOFInfo
- Publication number
- DE60137212D1 DE60137212D1 DE60137212T DE60137212T DE60137212D1 DE 60137212 D1 DE60137212 D1 DE 60137212D1 DE 60137212 T DE60137212 T DE 60137212T DE 60137212 T DE60137212 T DE 60137212T DE 60137212 D1 DE60137212 D1 DE 60137212D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- resistant
- oxidation
- polyethylenes
- abrasion
- production
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/16—Macromolecular materials obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/081—Gamma radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0866—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using particle radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B55/00—Preserving, protecting or purifying packages or package contents in association with packaging
- B65B55/02—Sterilising, e.g. of complete packages
- B65B55/12—Sterilising contents prior to, or during, packaging
- B65B55/16—Sterilising contents prior to, or during, packaging by irradiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/28—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/3094—Designing or manufacturing processes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/24—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for joint reconstruction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/085—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using gamma-ray
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0866—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using particle radiation
- B29C2035/0877—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using particle radiation using electron radiation, e.g. beta-rays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
- B29K2023/0658—PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its molecular weight
- B29K2023/0683—UHMWPE, i.e. ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to polyethylenes. It discloses methods for enhancing the wear resistance of polyethylenes without inducing oxidative degradation, by crosslinking oxidation-resistant polyethylenes. The polyethylenes disclosed herein are useful for making articles such as medical implants, for example, components of artificial joints such as acetabular cups.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US20052500P | 2000-04-27 | 2000-04-27 | |
PCT/US2001/013839 WO2001080778A1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2001-04-27 | Oxidation-resistant and wear-resistant polyethylenes for human joint replacements and methods for making them |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE60137212D1 true DE60137212D1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
Family
ID=22742074
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE60137212T Expired - Lifetime DE60137212D1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2001-04-27 | OXIDATION-RESISTANT AND ABRASION-RESISTANT POLYETHYLENE FOR HUMAN JOINT KIT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US8796347B2 (en) |
EP (3) | EP2047823A1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP4256096B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE418933T1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU6108301A (en) |
DE (1) | DE60137212D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1276436T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2317905T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001080778A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (95)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CA2166450C (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 2008-03-25 | Ronald Salovey | Chemically crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene for artificial human joints |
US20050125074A1 (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 2005-06-09 | Ronald Salovey | Crosslinking of polyethylene for low wear using radiation and thermal treatments |
EP0935446B1 (en) | 1996-07-09 | 2007-02-07 | Orthopaedic Hospital | Crosslinking of polyethylene for low wear using radiation and thermal treatments |
US8796347B2 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2014-08-05 | Orthopaedic Hospital | Oxidation-resistant and wear-resistant polyethylenes for human joint replacements and methods for making them |
US6558426B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2003-05-06 | Medidea, Llc | Multiple-cam, posterior-stabilized knee prosthesis |
EP1467854A4 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2007-01-10 | Depuy Products Inc | Orthopaedic device and method for making same |
EP1369094B1 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2014-11-26 | Zimmer GmbH | Implant and method of manufacturing a sterile packaged implant |
US20040110853A1 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2004-06-10 | Wang Louis Chun | Process for preparing molded porous articles and the porous articles prepared therefrom |
JP5122126B2 (en) | 2003-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | ザ・ジェネラル・ホスピタル・コーポレイション | Method for producing oxidation-resistant polymer material |
AT412969B (en) * | 2003-05-19 | 2005-09-26 | Klaus Dr Lederer | NETWORKED, ULTRA-HIGH-MOLECULAR POLYETHYLENE (UHMW-PE) |
US7214764B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2007-05-08 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Free radical quench process for irradiated ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene |
US8426486B2 (en) | 2004-02-03 | 2013-04-23 | The General Hospital Corporation | Highly crystalline cross-linked oxidation-resistant polyethylene |
JP5248107B2 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2013-07-31 | ザ、ジェネラル、ホスピタル、コーポレイション | Method for producing oxidation-resistant polymeric material |
US7547405B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2009-06-16 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Solid state deformation processing of crosslinked high molecular weight polymeric materials |
US8262976B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2012-09-11 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Solid state deformation processing of crosslinked high molecular weight polymeric materials |
US7462318B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2008-12-09 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Crosslinked polymeric material with enhanced strength and process for manufacturing |
US7344672B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2008-03-18 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Solid state deformation processing of crosslinked high molecular weight polymeric materials |
US7335697B2 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2008-02-26 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Polymer composition comprising cross-linked polyethylene and methods for making the same |
US7435372B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2008-10-14 | Zimmer, Inc. | Liquid bath annealing of polymers for orthopaedic implants |
ATE449618T1 (en) * | 2005-08-18 | 2009-12-15 | Zimmer Gmbh | ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR POLYETHYLENE ARTICLES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR POLYETHYLENE ARTICLES |
US8425815B2 (en) | 2005-08-22 | 2013-04-23 | The General Hospital Corporation | Highly crystalline polyethylene |
JP2009504898A (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2009-02-05 | ザ ジェネラル ホスピタル コーポレイション ディー ビー エイ マサチューセッツ ジェネラル ホスピタル | Abrasion-resistant highly cross-linked polyethylene manufactured below the melting temperature |
EP1919983B1 (en) | 2005-08-22 | 2011-10-19 | The General Hospital Corporation Dba Massachusetts General Hospital | Oxidation resistant homogenized polymeric material |
US8343230B2 (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2013-01-01 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Orthopaedic bearing material |
US20070077268A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Hydrophobic carrier modified implants for beneficial agent delivery |
US7615075B2 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2009-11-10 | Rush University Medical Center | Plastic implant impregnated with a degradation protector |
US20070232762A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-04 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Bearing material of medical implant having reduced wear rate and method for reducing wear rate |
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ITMI20061375A1 (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2008-01-15 | Fabio Conteduca | SYNTHETIC MAINTENANCE WITH REDUCED OXIDABILITY AND RELATIVE PREPARATION PROCESS |
ATE481989T1 (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2010-10-15 | Depuy Products Inc | MATERIAL FOR SUPPORTING A MEDICAL IMPLANT |
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US8715359B2 (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2014-05-06 | Depuy (Ireland) | Prosthesis for cemented fixation and method for making the prosthesis |
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US20110035017A1 (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2011-02-10 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Prosthesis with cut-off pegs and surgical method |
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JP4806717B2 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2011-11-02 | 株式会社沖データ | Image processing system |
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AU6108301A (en) | 2001-11-07 |
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US20030212161A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
DK1276436T3 (en) | 2009-04-06 |
ATE418933T1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
EP1276436A4 (en) | 2003-07-23 |
US9302028B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 |
EP2047823A1 (en) | 2009-04-15 |
US20150007527A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
US9242025B2 (en) | 2016-01-26 |
EP1276436B1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
JP2003530957A (en) | 2003-10-21 |
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