DE57493C - Projectile whose trajectory is entirely under water or partly in the air - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE.

The present invention relates to that class of projectiles and their Schufsbahn should lie entirely under water, as well as those whose trajectory is partly in the Air, partly under water. The projectiles are both for firing by means of artillery determined by fortifications and vehicles.

Specifically, the present storey is in verticaler due to such an automatic control Level marked, that it is exactly horizontal after its entry into the water Orbit followed at a predetermined depth. As for the pure underwater projectiles, which are thus arranged from a vehicle by means of one under the surface of the water Guns are fired, so their automatic control in the vertical plane of of the greatest importance, since the pounding and rocking of the vehicle causes the Projectile at the moment in which the ship is horizontal, makes difficult and a small inclination of the gun axis above or below the horizontal at the moment of Firing strongly influences the depth of immersion of the projectile.

In the case of air-underwater projectiles, which are thus fired from surface guns and should hit a vehicle or a body under water, is the automatic steering in the vertical plane of even greater importance, since such projectiles are nevertheless them Immerse yourself at a considerable distance from the object to be hit, hit the latter safely should.

The projectile is illustrated in the figures of the accompanying drawing. Specially demonstrate:

Fig. Ι a plan view of the projectile with part of the gun wall in section and a butt in view, by which the latter mediated the gun charge on the Storey works;

Fig. 2 and 3 vertical longitudinal sections through different lengths of the projectile in larger scale;

4 and 5, on an even larger scale, vertical sections through the special control unit serving mechanisms;

Fig. 6, 7, 8, 9 and 9 * vertical cross-sections through the storey respectively. along lines xx, yy-, \ - \ i * - * and 12-13 of FIGS. 2, 3 and 5;

10 shows a modification of the actual regulator;

11 shows the use of the present projectile when one ship attacks the other.

With AA ¹ A ² A ³ A ⁱ A \ Fig. 1, the body of the projectile is designated, which can be constructed in a suitable manner and is intended to accommodate the explosive charge, the automatic control apparatus and rocket charges, the latter for enlarging the underwater depth should serve.

In the figures the storey is shown as consisting of six sections, of each of which forms a part of the length of the storey.

The foremost of these parts A contains the explosive charge, while the rearmost part

treatment A ⁵ takes up the detonator for the accelerator charges.

The rudders or diving plates BB, ^{FIGS. 1} and 6, which are used for steering, are connected to the adjacent part A 1.

The second division from the front, A ¹ , contains the mechanism labeled Regulator C.

The following section A " ¹ contains a flat section D, designated as a middle or weight plate, FIGS. 3 and 7.

The fourth section A ^{3 has} thin longitudinal ribs f on its outer wall, two of which are continued on section A *.

The union of all these parts can be done in an appropriate manner, e.g. B. as with ν in Fig. 5 by direct screwing or, as with v ^{1 of the} same figure, by fitting into one another and fastening by means of screws, or as with v ² in Fig. 4, where the parts are smoothly butted together and united by tabs are.

In general, the construction of the body for the pure underwater projectile is that same as for the air-submarine projectile; the pure underwater storey just needs to be with a watertight packing e, Fig. 5, are provided, which the gun barrel in question seals against the water.

Such a packing is unnecessary for the air-underwater projectile.

The oars B, one of which is arranged on each side of the projectile, are mounted on a rotatably mounted horizontal spindle d, Fig. 1, 2 and 6, which is placed transversely through the projectile and at right angles to the axis thereof and of suitable Bearings d * is worn. Since this spindle d must always be kept in a horizontal position, so that the rudders B always act on the position of the projectile only in a vertical direction, the latter, when in the water, must be prevented from any rotation about its axis. The middle plate D is provided for this purpose; the same consists essentially of a flat metal plate, the center plane of which coincides with the geometric axis of the projectile, protrudes to a longitudinal opening d ^{2 of the} same and can act in a plane perpendicular to the rudder spindle d. This middle plate D is hinged at d ¹ , FIGS. 3 and 7, and has a heavier lower part so that, when it can emerge from the longitudinal opening d ² , it places the center of gravity of the projectile as low as possible and thereby the horizontal position of the rudder spindle d ensures.

Stops d ³ are also provided on the weight plate, by means of which the same is prevented from falling down beyond the appropriate position; in the projectile body there is also a waterproof, appropriately shaped box a? ^{4 is} provided, which closes the opening d ² from the rest of the space in the interior of the projectile body and prevents the water from entering the latter. If the projectile rests in the cannon, then the plate D is completely recovered in the projectile.

Since it is not only absolutely necessary that. the projectile holds the rudder spindle d horizontal when it is in the water, but it is also desirable, that the same before entry takes place in the water, is at the part of A ² a protruding pin v ^3, Fig. 3, appropriately arranged, which in a straight groove of the gun bore and thereby ensures a horizontal position of the rudder spindle during flight.

The above-mentioned regulator consists essentially of a hydraulic cylinder C, Fig. 5, 9 and 9 *, in which two watertight movable pistons cc ^l of exactly the same diameter are provided. The cylinder is arranged in the lower part of the division of A ¹ Geschosse.s and parallel with the axis thereof. It can be cast or with A ¹ from a piece otherwise permanently attached.

Between the pistons c and c ¹ , a fixed web C ^{1 is} fitted into the cylinder, which (see also Fig. 9) has a rectangular cutout in the middle to accommodate two spur gears g and g ¹ and the racks hhh ¹ / 2 ¹ has. Of the latter, the two marked h are arranged diagonally opposite one another and connected to the piston c (FIG. 9), while the other racks marked h ^l , also diagonally opposite, extend from the second piston c ^1. The axis g- * of the spur gears gg is fixed in the web C ¹ , but the wheels are loosely supported on the axis.

The upper rack h of the piston c and the lower h ^{l of} the piston c ¹ engage in the wheel g, while the upper rack h ^{l of} the piston c ¹ and the lower h of the piston c are in engagement with the other wheel g ^1; a consequence of this arrangement is that each piston moving in one direction forces the other to move in the opposite direction.

The pistons are pushed in by a pressure acting between them Movement so that, owing to their peculiar connection, that exerted on them Force is equal to that acting on a single piston of double cross-section, and that, what is more important for the purpose of the present invention, the weight and

Moment of one is balanced by that of the other, as will be explained later is.

The racks hhh ^l h ^l are fitted into the square cutout of the web C , serve to guide the pistons c c ¹ and are of such a length that they limit the distance by which the pistons can approach one another.

In order to facilitate the introduction of the web C ¹ into the cylinder C and the fixing of the former in this, the cylinder C is drilled with two different diameters, the further hole being in the rear, the narrower in the front part, and the latter corresponds to this Diameter of pistons c and c ¹ . The web is inserted through the further rear bore until it abuts against the shoulder which marks the beginning of the second narrower bore, whereupon it is fixed by a chuck i inserted into the wide bore, the bore of which now corresponds to the diameter of the piston. The chuck i is provided with flanges and is fastened to the cylinder by means of screws i ^1.

Fig. 5 shows the piston c ¹ fitted into the narrower bore of the cylinder and the piston c into the equally wide bore of the chuck.

The piston c carries on its outer surface a rack c *,. which is provided in a j in the head piece 'of the cylinder guide acts. The same head, which is fastened to the cylinder by the mentioned screws i ¹ with the chuck, also carries the bearings for a short spindle / c ¹ (see also FIG. 8) of a gear segment k, which meshes with said rack c * is. The cylinder C is provided between the two pistons c and c ^{1 in} both the upper and lower halves with inflow openings for water, which is in a ring-like reservoir a formed around the outer wall of the compartment A ¹ , FIGS. 5, 9 and 9 *, is available. The latter is created by arranging a concave longitudinal profile for the relevant section (Fig. 5) and by cladding the annular space formed thereby with an outer cylinder jacket a ¹ made of flexible waterproof material such as rubber.

This jacket is fastened and secured by means of an outer protective jacket A * made of metal, which is made of two halves and is fastened to the relevant storey section A ^{l by means of screws α 4, FIG. 3.}

The protective sheath A * has numerous, arbitrarily designed openings, z. B. longitudinal sections, which give it the rust-like appearance shown in FIG.

The ring reservoir a and the space in the cylinder C between the two pistons cc ¹ are filled with water through an opening α ² , FIGS. 5, 9 and 9 *, which is closed by a screwed-in closure piece. So that the air can escape from the cylinder C , a tube b is provided which establishes the communication upwards between the cylinder and the ring reservoir.

The projectile is in water, so the flexible jacket · a is newly exposed to the pressure of this ¹ surrounding water and the α in the same manner in the reservoir and Cylinder C contained. This pressure varies according to the depth by which the projectile is immersed. Partly by this pressure occurring between the pistons c and c ¹ and partly by the action of a spring, the steering movement of the rudder B is produced, as will be seen from the following, and the precise horizontal trajectory of the projectile is ensured at a predetermined predetermined depth.

Firmly connected to the gearwheel segment k or wedged onto the spindle k ^{l of the} same, two lever arms I and m, Fig. 3, which form to a certain extent pulley segments are provided, which have different radii and which form one arm of a two-armed lever, the other arm of which is the gearwheel segment k can be viewed.

One end of a rope, preferably wire rope p, is attached to the smaller pulley segment m , the latter running around a pulley η wedged onto the rudder spindle B and connected at its second end to the above-mentioned spring t . This spring t is attached to a threaded rod t ¹ which passes freely through an eye i ² attached to the projectile body and behind the latter carries a nut t ^s , by means of which the rod i ^{1 is} adjusted and the tension of the spring t is precisely regulated can be.

The rope ρ is attached to the disk η by means of a screw p ¹ , FIGS. 2, 4 and 6.

The spring t acts on the toothed piston rod c * by means of the lever arm m and the toothed wheel segment k in such a way that the pistons c and c ¹ tend to approach each other, contrary to the slope caused by the water pressure between the pistons to move away from each other when the projectile is in the water. The tension of the spring tends to turn the oars B downwards, while, on the contrary, the water pressure occurring between the cylinder pistons tends to turn the oars upwards.

The latter are fastened in one position on their spindle d , that the rear ends

the rudder, when the two pistons c and c ¹ are in the most pushed together position, will lean downwards and so the water which acts on the lower sides of the inclined rudder surfaces during the movement of the projectile in it will tend towards the tail end to lift the latter. In this way the position of the axis of the projectile is influenced in such a way that it goes down in the water.

As long as the tension of the spring t forces the two pistons against each other with greater force than the force with which the water pressure produced by the pressure of seawater tends to move the pistons apart, the projectile will continue its course downwards. If, however, the projectile has reached such a depth in the water that its pressure exceeds the force exerted by the spring, the pistons move apart and the inclination of the rudders is reduced until they finally reach a position parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile .

If the projectile continues its course downwards, the oars are moved further from cylinder C until their rear ends are inclined upwards and consequently force the tail end of the projectile downwards; the story rises. If it has finally found a depth at which it skews forward with its longitudinal axis horizontal, the rudders remain stationary. The tension imparted to the spring t by means of ^{the adjusting screw i s} will therefore fix in advance the depth at which the projectile moves horizontally in the water. The voltage is regulated before the projectile is inserted into the gun.

For the purpose of adjustment of the increased tension of the spring, which increasingly grows in their gröfser by the divergence of the pistons and gröfser becoming expansion, the sheave segment whereby the lever arm to which the rope is m made eccentric, as shown in Fig. 5, ρ attacks, as the pistons diverge, the force exerted by the constant gear segment k on the spring t becomes greater and greater (corresponding to the increasing tension of the spring). The pressure exerted by the water on the pistons then acts stronger and stronger on the rudders when the projectile goes downwards. This increase in the force exerted by the pistons, which occurs when the projectile descends, tends, in the case of underwater projectiles, to prevent excessive immersion of the projectile when it enters the water, i.e. at the end of the path covered in the air, as it does is illustrated in Fig. 11, where the projectile is shown at E as just entering the water and at E ¹ as assuming the horizontal trajectory.

If the projectile is used as an air-underwater or purely underwater projectile, it is important. that when the projectile leaves the gun, the rudders B are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile. In the case of an aerial submarine projectile, any inclination of the rudder would significantly influence the flight path, whereas in the case of purely underwater projectiles such an inclination would be dangerous in that it would cause the projectile to descend before the regulator could take effect.

To avoid this inconvenience, the rudders are locked in a horizontal position, against the tension of the spring t, for the time in which the projectile is in the gun and the regulator has not yet come into effect. A tooth ο in the form of a sector is namely arranged on the rudder spindle d and intended for engagement with a locking hook o ^1. The same is rotatably mounted on the projectile body and, as shown in FIG. 4, is obtained in engagement with the tooth 0 ^{by means of a spring o 2.} This hook o ¹ is connected by means of a rope q to the larger pulley segment or lever /, which is also firmly seated on the spindle of the gear segment k. If, with this arrangement, the projectile is immersed in the water and the pistons of the regulator then come into action, arm I pulls the locking hook through the intermediary of the rope q to engage tooth 0 and thus allows the oars to be freely influenced by the regulator .

Before the projectile is inserted into the gun, the rudders are brought into a parallel position with the axis of the projectile, with the hook o ¹ lying behind the tooth ο and the rudders, against the tension of the spring i, which otherwise have their rear ends would give a downward slope, holds on in this position. With such an upward rotation of the rudder, its spindle and with it the pulley η are also rotated; a consequence of this would be that the rope ρ attached to the latter and going into the lever arm would become slack. This in turn would allow the two regulator pistons to move freely. In order to prevent this, the rope ρ is divided and between the parts a slack chain r and a spring s (see Fig. 3) are inserted. If the oars are then in their lowest inclined position, the spring s is tensioned and the chain r is taut, whereas the oars are turned upwards in their horizontal position (as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4),

so the spring contracts, thus keeping the rope ρ taut and also has enough tension to exert a sufficient pull on the pistons and to hold them against each other. In this case the chain r hangs loosely. If the projectile comes under the surface of the water, then the water pressure acts through the intermediary of the flexible jacket a ^l on the water contained in the chamber a and in the cylinder C and forces the pistons c c ^] apart, whereby the by mediation of the rack c * and the gear segment k curved lever I o ¹ the hook besides engagement with the nose ο pulls the steering spindle, the latter freigiebt and the effect überläfst the regulator. The spring s is tensioned and the previously slack chain r is taut.

One of the most important points of the present invention is the two hydraulic regulator Pistons so coupled with one another that they are in opposite directions Need to move directions. It must be noted that there is a movable weight in a projectile departing with considerable initial velocity due to its inertia will strive to remain stationary and so in the hurrying forward To move the storey. The force exerted on such movable bodies becomes equal its weight multiplied by its speed.

It is therefore the first condition that all bodies movable in such a projectile are balanced, but especially those which are intended for control and regulation are.

With the arrangement described, it is clear that when the projectile is fired, the piston c will exert a backward force proportional to the initial velocity of the projectile, and that the piston c ^{1 will} also exert an equal backward force when its weight incl that of its connecting parts h ^l h ^{l is} equal to that of piston c, its connecting parts hh and other movable connections between rack c * and rudders which do not balance themselves.

However, since the backward movement of the piston c must push the piston c ¹ forward by means of the racks h and h ¹ and gears g and g ¹ , the inertia of each piston will balance that of the other and the tension exerted will be transmitted to the spindle g *.

In the modification of the hydraulic regulator shown in FIG. 10, the two pistons c and c ^{l are provided} in two separate cylinders c * c * , which are arranged one above the other, instead of just one. The two pistons are connected by a two-armed lever, so that they must move in different directions. The facing ends of the cylinders are ^{open to the chamber C 3} , which latter forms one of the divisions of the projectile and into which sea water penetrates through openings α in the upper and lower walls.

The bottom opening α is provided with a valve b ^l ; the same has the following purpose:

In the case of an aerial underwater projectile, it is desirable to use a small explosive charge and to fire at a high inclination in order to obtain the necessary range through the air. As a result, the projectile will penetrate the water at a considerable angle and, although the rudders are immediately activated, it will submerge too deeply. It is therefore advantageous to have the regulator between its pistons filled with water before firing, so that this can be done the filling does not require any loss of time when the storey is immersed. The regulator shown in Fig. 10 can thus be prepared by filling with water with the aid of the upper openings a , the water being prevented by the valve b ^l from exiting through the lower opening α , and until the projectile reaches the water, whereupon the valve opens as a result of the external pressure. It is clear that the piston, c is so large that it balances the piston c ¹ and the connected and movable parts, so that the persistence of the one effectively counteracts that of the other.

This regulator is equivalent in its effect to the one described first; the shape of the first treated is preferable, however, as in this case the compensating ^{piston c 1 is} arranged conaxially with the main piston c and can therefore be attached with this close to the bottom of the projectile; it is desirable to bring the weight as low as possible.

In order to enlarge the underwater trajectory of the projectile, in the posterior part of it provided a number of rocket charges. Since the rear part of the projectile is inside the rudder spindle and its connecting parts, it would be inconvenient to have one Missile charge in the interior axis space of the missile, d. H. to be arranged in the latter itself.

Rather, two or more such missiles charges in sheet iron longitudinal chambers are arranged uu on the guard side of Geschofskörper in the form of longitudinal ribs (s. Fig. I, 2 and 6).

In Fig. 6 two such chambers and rocket charges are thought to be provided, namely

Claims (3)

these chambers form the direct straight extension of the longitudinal ribs f (see Fig. i). The rocket charges u (see Fig. 2) can be of the usual composition, are ^{intended to be accommodated in cylindrical envelopes «2} , and have conical bores in their rear ends for the purpose of their ignition. The rocket casings ii ² are suitably fastened in the rib chambers u ^l , and the latter have wooden plugs u ³ in their rear ends, which are driven out when the rocket charge explodes. The inflammation of the charges can be effected by means of fuses ti ^4, which are inserted through the rear end of the projectile and is branched to the individual loads. In the piston which is used to drive the projectile out of the gun, a small central bore can be provided which allows the gun powder charge to ignite ^{the cord w 4.} A piston P ¹ , FIG. 1, can be provided behind the projectile and in front of the gun powder charge, which piston is equipped with a suitable packing so that it fits tightly into the gun barrel W. Patent claims: ι. A projectile whose trajectory is completely under water or partly in the air is characterized by controls (B) which are attached to the rear end and which regulate the depth of the projectile and which are attached to the spindle (d) and by two always moving in opposite directions Pistons (cc ¹ ) are influenced, which move the lever (k) as soon as the water pressure acting on the piston (cc ^l ) is greater than the tension of the rope (p) on the eccentric (m) of the lever (k) acting spring (t), whereas the projectile is held in the shooting plane by the control (D) that can be rotated out of it. ^: 2. An embodiment of the under 1. drawn projectile, wherein the space (C ³⁾ between the pistons fc c ^l) with respect to _t inside by opening valves (b ¹⁾ sealed openings (a) is provided (Fig. 10) , through which the water pressure is transferred to the water already contained in the space (C ³ ) and the latter can be filled with water beforehand. 3. On the under 1. resp. 2. characterized storey to prevent premature action of the control (B) the arrangement of the ratchet tooth (0 ) attached to the control spindle (d) , which controls the control (B) by means of the pawl (o ^l ) held by the spring (o ² ), against the tension of the spring (t) , in the axial position and only through the rope (q) attached to the pawl (o ¹ ), which on the other hand is attached to the disc (I) sitting on the spindle (k ¹ ) , the Effect of the moving piston (cc ¹ ) is disclosed, with a spring (S) being switched on at the same time in the rope (ρ) to prevent it from becoming slack. For this purpose ι sheet of drawings.