DE542262C - Telegraph system in which the characters are formed by a keyboard on the transmitting station as groups of two or more different frequencies and in the receiver activate a character registration mechanism via resonators - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a telegraphy or radio telegraphy system, according to wel chem, using any force radiation, such as. B. Hertzian waves, wire waves, electric current, etc., as a means of connecting two or more stations, the purpose of sending and receiving telegrams is realized by means of small-scale apparatus, with no special knowledge of telegraphy or radio telegraphy on the part of handling the latter the giving and receiving person is necessary because for the transmission the prayer key is replaced by a normal keyboard of a typewriter, while the reception takes place directly in legible written form, without deciphering or knowledge of symbolic or conventional alphabets would be necessary.

The secrecy of the messages is given by the fact that the characters not made up of digits or symbolic or conventional characters etc. instead of alphabetic ones Letters, but rather from combinations of groups of different frequencies in rapid succession.

It is already a method for transferring type printing or the like Characters known using electric waves, with each key a number of several successive electric waves of different frequencies gives. In this apparatus, however, one uses Hertzian waves of different frequencies to each have a certain symbol to form appropriate group, so that each transmitting station for each broadcast a certain Number of Hertzian waves of various lengths must have available; in which In the present state of the art of radio telegraphy, this telegraph system is useful difficult to execute.

A telegraphic system limited to line telegraphy is also known, in which each character out of one, two, three, four or five simultaneously · sent Fundamental frequencies is formed.

In the present method, on the other hand, all characters are identified by means of frequency groups, all of which contain the same number of fundamental frequencies. In addition, the present invention can be a Line telegraphy, a wireless and also a high frequency telegraphy on lines carry out.

Furthermore, a radio telegraphic apparatus is already known in which each character

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by combining high frequency wave trains that are each other with different low Frequencies follow, is formed.

In the subject matter of the present invention, however, is in the wireless Transmission of a carrier wave modulated with a low frequency as sinusoidal as possible used.

Such a system can be used both for wireless and high-frequency telegraphy on lines as well as in simple wire telegraphy use. Such a thing System allows much better utilization of both the carrier wave and the Modulation low frequencies and therefore ensures safe reception and Avoiding interference. Achieved the above mentioned replacement of the symbolic signs one by adding a constant fundamental frequency for the composition of the cycle applies, which is audible or inaudible at the same time as the broadcasting organs are active Frequency groups are superimposed, which can be arbitrarily different and quickly follow one another. the Frequency groups are automatically combined, and their superposition over the constant The basic frequency is carried out by the telegraph operator by means of suitable manipulations.

If you have a considerable number of groups composed of two or more Applying frequencies, one obtains a practically unlimited number of different ones possible combinations.

The receiving apparatus according to the present system works with uninterrupted current continuity, which is modulated by the received frequencies, which has the extremely important advantage that any interference immediately noticed, even when the machine is not in use.

Furthermore, no synchronizing device is required in the present system. 45 The accompanying drawings represent a circuit diagram of the subject matter of the invention, and show in particular

Fig. Ι the circuit diagram of the main organs that make up the transmitter station,

Fig. I ¹ in section an element thereof, Fig. 2 the circuit diagram of the main organs of which the receiving station consists.

In Fig. Ι, A ¹ ... A ^{0 are} variogenerators, ie generators of variable frequencies (the number of which can also differ from that mentioned in the illustration). The currents generated by them can be currents generated by induction, capacitance variations, self-induction variations, variations in ohmic resistance, etc. B is an amplifier for the currents generated by the variogenerators A.

The vario generators A ¹ , A ² , A ^s ... A ⁰ are connected to the amplifier B via terminals C ¹ , C ² , C ^s ... C ⁰ .

In order to facilitate the connection of the connections C, the amplifier B has suitable connection contacts B '.

D is a switch for interchanging the connections between the lines leaving the amplifier B and the lines N leading to the contacts L, M in any order. This switch can be of any type. The one shown in the drawing consists of a series of eight segments E ¹ , E *, E ^s . . . E ⁸ . These are arranged in a circle and lie concentrically opposite another series of segments F ¹ , F ² , F ³ ... P ⁸ , in such a way that each segment E forms a pair with a segment F. The two segments, each forming a pair, e.g. B. E ¹ and F ¹ , E ² and F ² , E ^s and F ³ , etc., are held together by suitable devices G, such as brushes, contacts, etc., in connection.

From the drawing it can be seen that while the variogenerators A connected to the amplifier B are nine, the segments E connected to the same amplifier B are eight in number; the number of variogenerators increases or decreases when it is necessary to use a larger or smaller number of characters for sending (e.g. when alphabets have a larger number of letters). All other elements of the cycle then vary in the same proportion.

As indicated by the arrows in the drawing, the switch D can be rotated about its axis H in any direction. This rotatability gives the telegraph operator the opportunity to change the line trunk groups as required for secret transmission, as mentioned above.

The connections between the amplifier B and the segments E of the switch D are established directly or indirectly by connections denoted by J ¹ , P ₁ I ³ ... P. These connections are interchangeable at their end facing the amplifier B. To switch this connection on and off / amplifier B has suitable. Devices B ".

J is a distributor consisting of two or more rows of contacts, the arrangement of which allows various combinations to be formed.

In the example shown in Fig. 1, the distributor / consists of an insulating body K ₁ on which there are a series of twenty-eight, identical and identical

widely spaced contacts L is located. Opposite these, a second row of seven contacts M of different dimensions and likewise on the insulating bodies K is fastened.

The position and dimensions of the contacts L and M are chosen so that the first of the contacts M, which bears the number ι, correspond to the first seven contacts L , which are numbered consecutively with 2 to 8, and that the second of the contacts M. with the number 2 correspond to the following six contacts M , numbered consecutively from 3 to 8, and so on, until the last contact M bearing the number 7 corresponds to the last of the contacts L , which has the number 8.

All these contacts L and M are, as stated above, connected to the corresponding number of the segments F of the switch D according to their number. For example, contact M _1, which bears the number 1, is connected to F ¹ , the contacts L and M _1, which bears the number 2, are connected to F ² , the contacts L and M, which bears the number 3, are connected to F ³ , and so on ., up to the contacts L with the number 8, which are connected to F ^s . These connections are made by means of lines N ¹ , N ² , N ³ ... N ⁸ .

The number of contacts L and M could practically be different from that indicated in the drawing and described above. In this case, the numerical combinations of the terminals would always vary in the same order, starting with ι etc. for the contacts M, or with 2, 3,. 4 for the contacts should L. Thus, it is assumed that a number of contacts M would χ , the higher number for designating the contacts L must always be χ + 1.

The distributor / could instead of just two rows of contacts, as shown in the drawing can be seen, also have three or more rows, arranged in the same way like the first two, d. H. each series parallel to the other when each group consists of two or several frequencies.

Each of the contacts L and in a suitable position on this corresponds to a contact brush O (as shown in the detail view of Fig. I. ¹ seen) allowing the closure of the current circuit between the corresponding contacts L and the corresponding him contacts M.

When the contact brushes O in rest. ment, the circuit between contacts L and M is interrupted.

The completion of the circuit of the corresponding contacts L and M is what determines the transmission of the frequency groups. This closure: the circuits takes place through two different manipulations.

The first is the movement of a lever of the contact brush O ₁ which carries that part of the connection devices which is intended to come into contact with the plane of the contacts L and M. This lever is set in motion mechanically, electrically or in any other way, directly or indirectly, by the keyboard of a typewriter.

The second is either a movement of the distributor / parallel to the axis of each brush O or of the brush O itself in the direction of its axis so that the part of the brush O ₁ which is intended to contact the plane of the contacts L and M is in contact touches the two contacts L and M one after the other to close the circuits.

If the distributor / consists of three or more contact series rather than two, the movements must be such that the brushes touch them all in turn can.

The brushes O and the vario generators A are connected by the respective lines P and Q _1, the latter of which goes through the amplifier B , to any suitable wave generator not shown in the drawing.

The way it works is as follows:

The variogenerators A send the generated frequency currents to amplifier B ₁ which amplifies them; they get through switch D to the contacts of the distributor / according to the numerical combinations described. At the moment when the brushes O , set directly or indirectly in motion by a typewriter keyboard (by means of an electromagnet or otherwise), lower themselves to the level of the contacts of the distributor, the brushes or the distributor itself change their position and, with the help of the brush, cause the Closure of the circuit of the two corresponding variogenerators.

Each variogenerator can produce a certain number of different frequencies. Assuming there are ten in function for each of the eight variogenerators, so has eighty different frequencies are available for operation. If you now, for example a number from ο to 9 each of the 1.15 ten different frequencies each one Variogenerators can correspond, so the eight variogenerators can after the combination of all between 00000000 and 99999999 numbers can be adjusted. At the beginning of the operation everyone has to Transfer the number of the respective

Receiving apparatus with which one wants to communicate can be put together, as in the following will be shown, whereby of course the receiving set must always have eight digits. For the time being it suffices to mention that every receiving set has a certain number.

In Fig. 2, which shows the circuit diagram of the receiving station, R is the air conductor, which can be a loop antenna or antenna or any other device suitable for receiving the radiation of the energy used as a transmission medium.

6 "is a receiving amplifier. T ¹ , T ² , T ⁸ ... T ⁹ are the series-connected resonance circuits or resonance instruments that come into effect when the frequencies superimposed on the constant fundamental waves, such as those from the transmitter station given and received by the air conductor R , are excited.

Each of the resonance circles has its own oscillation period and reacts as a result only on the excitation of the appropriate frequency, so that if even all resonance circles are simultaneously exposed to the excitation of all the frequencies coming from the amplifier, regardless of whether they are Amplitude maximum only achieved by excitation by the frequency that corresponds to it.

D is a switch that is identical to the corresponding switch D in Fig. 1.

Ϊ7 is a combiner, which has the task of grouping the frequencies received by the air conductor in such a way that each group put together by the combiner U corresponds exactly to the same combination as it was put together by the distributor / transmitter. In this way, the same letter of the alphabet (the same character, number or indication, etc.) is recorded by the receiving apparatus as given by the sending station and as shown later.

The compiler U consists of any body suitable for the purpose, such as e.g. B. a plane, a cylinder or a curved surface, etc., on which the contact devices V are mounted, the number of which corresponds to the number of contacts L of the transmitting apparatus and thus the number of letters of the alphabet used for the transmission and also the eventual Characters, numbers, indications, etc. The arrangement of the contact devices V changes depending on the structure of the assembler U.

In the case shown in the drawing, in which the assembler consists of a rectangular plane, the contact devices V are arranged in the sense of any diagonal of the rectangle.

The assembler U can rotate continuously or mchtcontinuously and can be moved vertically, horizontally or sideways at the same time. On the drawing an arrow indicates this mobility.

The printing of the telegram text in written form is caused by the direct or indirect action of a device W , which in turn, as will be shown later, is put into action by the respective individual frequency groups as they are received and put together. This device W bears in a suitable manner the letters which correspond to the letters of the alphabet (numbers, characters, etc.) which are required for the message (see drawing). In order to print the individual letters that make up the text of the messages on paper (or some other means), it is necessary:

1. that the various letters carried by the device W come to lie one after the other in front of the sheet of paper, in their natural order in the composition of the words, go This is achieved by moving the device W , the is in uniformity, related to or in relation to the movement of the assembler U ,

2. that the device W after setting in line of the letter or character to be printed, as described above, is printed against the paper that is to receive the text or (equivalent) that the paper itself with the required impact force against the letters, characters etc. which form part of the device W is printed. In either case, the letters must somehow be provided with printing inks, e.g. B. by inserting a typewriter ribbon.

The writing activity of the device W takes place every time the compilation of a frequency group has been completed through the various organs forming the receiving station.

This activity causes the direct or indirect printing of the letter of the alphabet (characters, etc.), which corresponds to the frequency combination as it was formed by the transmitting station 'and which then ■ through the intermediary of the various organs and mechanisms that make up the receiving apparatus Activity of device W triggered and determined.

The device W could also, instead

to carry the letters for the script themselves, have appropriate devices, to activate the keyboard of a typewriter in some way.

X are bodies analogous to the number and arrangement of the contacts M in Fig. Ι and have twenty-eight contacts, in the same arrangement · as they have the contacts L ίο in Fig. Ι to the contacts M , as from the drawing with the attached Numbering is easy to see.

C ¹ , C ² , C ^s ... C ^s are the connecting lines between the resonance circuits T and the switch D.

N ¹ , N ² , N ³ ... N ^s are connecting lines between the switch D and the contacts on the body X and the contacts F according to their numbering. All the connection lines mentioned above have the same arrangement as the corresponding lines in Fig. 1.

Everything in the description of the sending station about the number and structure of the elements (or parts thereof) and what has been said about the connection arrangements also applies in relation to the receiving apparatus, since every organ the sending station a similar or corresponding device of the receiving station is equivalent to.

The seven bodies X ₂ , _B , ₄ , ₅₎ ", _T , ₈ , X ₃ , ₄ ,

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5, (iJ 7) S ' - ^ - 4', 1 'O' 7 »8 ' ^Λ ü' G 'TJ SJ -Λ β, υ gj X ₇ , _s , X _s on Fig. 2 can refer to a approach the assembler U from the corresponding hammer Z controlled by the organ F. F ₁ controls the hammer Z, which hitting the body X 1, ₃ , ₄ , _B , _G , ₇ , g causes the same to advance towards the assembler U; F ₂ controls the hammer Z _1, which hitting the body X _s , ₄ , ₃ , _b , ₇ , ₈ causes the same advance towards the assembler U, etc.

Y ₁ controls the corresponding hammer when the circuit n ^{1 is} closed, ie when the resonator T ¹ resonates and closes its own contact; F ² controls the corresponding hammer when the circuit n ^{2 is} closed,

ie when the resonator T ² resonates and closes its own contact, etc.

The body X ", ₃ , ₄ , ₅ , ₆ , ₇ , ₈ carries on the

the surface facing the assembler U seven metal buttons 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, which are shown in Fig. 2 by as many semicircles; the body X ₃₁₄ , 5,6,7. ₈ carries six metal buttons 3, 4, 5, 6,7,8 in the same way; the body X ₄ , _B , ₆ , ₇ , ₈ carries five metal buttons 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 etc. in the same way.

There are therefore twenty-eight metal buttons, which are electrically controlled, namely through circuits not fully shown in Fig. 2, which reach the bodies X by means of twenty-eight lead wires; the wires come from lines n ¹ , n ² , n ^s , n ⁴ , n ⁵ , n °, n ⁷ , n ^s and go under the assembler U in the drawing (Fig. 2) and are each with each of the twenty-eight strokes shown in the vicinity of the twenty-eight semicircles denoting the aforementioned twenty-eight metal buttons.

The metal button labeled 2 is controlled by closing the circuit n ² and therefore by the resonator T ² . The metal buttons marked 3 (there are two: the second and the eighth) are controlled by the closing of the circuit n ³ and therefore by the resonator T ⁸ ; the buttons marked 4 (there are three: the third, the ninth and the fourteenth) are controlled by closing the circuit n ⁴ and thus by the resonator T ⁴ , etc.

If now z. B. the contact of the resonator T ^{3 is} closed, the circuits that control the buttons labeled 3 also close via the conductor n ^s; in this way these buttons protrude from the body X containing them towards the assembler U.

In the rest position, the twenty-eight metal buttons are at a certain distance from the assembler U; the caused by the impact of the hammers Z relevant movement of the body X X these bodies are approached the descrambler U, but only about half of the distance between the metal studs and the descrambler the eight contacts V-supporting U.

So when the metal buttons protrude from the body X, which contains them, they approach the assembler U; however, this movement alone is not sufficient to bring it into contact with the contacts V of the assembler U.

Only the metal buttons, which simultaneously experience two approaches to the assembler U generated by the movement of the body X and the protrusion of the button, can advance until the corresponding contact V is touched.

A series of brushes or other suitable devices O ' are arranged in such a way that the effect of closing the circuit between the contacts V and those on the body X is transmitted to the writing organs by a suitable line.

The mode of operation of the receiving apparatus is as follows: With f ¹ , f ² , f ... f we designate the frequencies generated by the frequency converters .A ¹ , A ² , A ^s ... A ⁸ . Let us assume that ζ. B. the character formed by the frequency pair / ³ , f ^a arrives, ie the fifteenth key ο was pressed on the transmitting station, which then comes into contact with M ^s and with the corresponding contact L bearing the number 5.

This frequency group f ^s , f ^B is sent to the receiving station on a line, a radio carrier wave or a line-directed high-frequency current. In the case of a wireless transmission, the receiving apparatus will have a radio telegraphic receiver S which picks up the Hertzian wave carrying the two (low) frequencies / ³ , f ^5. This receiver 5 has the well-known and necessary organs so that this incoming wave can be amplified, rectified and amplified again so that the low frequencies leaving the apparatus / ³ , / ⁵ -the resonator group T ¹ , T ^z ... T ^s (es it has already been mentioned that the ninth resonator is ineffective).

These resonators can be of any type, both acoustic or electrical or mechanical resonators without thereby exceeding the scope of the invention will.

For a more detailed explanation it can be assumed that these resonators are made of There are steel tongues that work in the same way as those of the well-known Hartmann & Braun's resonance frequency meters used tongues.

The contacts controlled by the resonator T ³ and the resonator T ⁵ are closed in this way.

The ^{hammers Z corresponding to F 3} and Y ⁵ are excited and the bodies X ₄ , _B , ₆ , _T , ₈ and X e, ₇ , _a are shifted towards the assembler U. At the same time, however, the buttons marked 5 and 3 are controlled, which protrude from the bodies containing them.

The arrival of the character consisting of the frequency group / ³ , f ⁵ accordingly causes the third and to be shifted. fifth body X against the assembler U and the protrusion of the second, fourth, eighth, tenth, fifteenth and nineteenth of the twenty-eight metal buttons against the assembler. But the fifteenth metal button experiences two shifts in the same direction against the assembler U hm, and accordingly only this fifteenth of the twenty-eight metal contacts V can touch the corresponding metal button when the assembler moves.

The circuit thus closed via the fifteenth contact V controls the writing device W _1, which is in the appropriate position to print the fifteenth of the intended characters; in the picture this symbol is the letter 0.

It is understandable that it is irrelevant for the mode of operation of the receiver whether the frequencies f, f ^s follow one another, are simultaneously or also reversed in the order of arrival.

Special devices ensure that all used organs are returned to their Starting position attributed after the writing down of a letter or character is done.

The process is repeated in quick succession and as often as it is necessary to have the entire text of the telegram written down.

It should be noted that when the compiler consists of a cylindrical Body and its rotational movement around its axis during the entire transmission time is continuous, the beginning and the end of this rotation from or after the transmission of the text from the transmission go Station is accomplished, always by means of predetermined combinations of Frequencies. On the other hand, in the event that the compiler is not cylindrical or cylindrical with discontinuous rotation, it is turned in any suitable manner, e.g. B. by a relay, put into action every time the composition a frequency group is established, since appropriate measures are taken to ensure that the Return the combiner to its original position each time.

In the description of the operation of the apparatus it was assumed that the two switches D ₁ H of the transmitter and the switch D of the receiver would be in the normal position, in which the switch D ₁ H the conductors / ¹ , / ² ... / ⁸ with the conductors N ¹ , N ² . ..N ^B and the switch D in the receiving station simultaneously the conductors c ¹ , c ² ... c ⁸ with the conductors n ¹ , n ² . . .n ^s connects.

It is now assumed that the switch D ₁ Hz to for example _^3/8 of a revolution is rotated such that F- etc. comes with N * N and P with ^a contact. the switch D is turned at the same time by ^s / _{g of} one revolution in such a way that c ¹ comes into contact with n ⁴ and c ² with » ⁵ and so on.

In this way, the ordinal numbers of the generators A ¹ , A ² , A ³ ... A ^s _} which generate the fundamental frequencies f ¹ , f ² , f ³ · .- or / ⁸

no longer correspond properly with the ordinal numbers that are entered on the metal sectors L and M.

In this case, the effect of the fifteenth button ο on the transmitting station no longer sends the frequency group f, f ^B ₃ but the group / ⁸ ^ f ² to the line or to the radio station; This group activates the resonators T ⁸ , T ² at the receiving station, but these are now connected to Ji ³ and n ^5, respectively, and the receiving apparatus also gives the fifteenth of the characters in W , namely the letter o.

In this way the confidentiality of the communication is achieved, as required the transmitting station changed the frequency group composing a specific character can be.

For this purpose, however, it is necessary that when the switch D ₁ H is rotated by a certain angle on the transmitting station, at the same time the switch D on the receiving station rotates by the same angle and in the same sense.

This can be done by hand and after prior agreement between the officials the sending station and that of the receiving station.

In practical use, automatic and simultaneous control of switch D ₃ H on the transmitting station and switch D on the receiving station can also take place. In a simpler way, this automatic control can be brought about by sending a specific character from the keyboard.

All that remains is to see how the transmitter has to proceed in the transmitter station, to choose from among the many receiving stations with which he can connect at will, to get in touch with a single and well-defined one.

As already mentioned, the receiving station consists, among other things, of a certain number of resonance circles, each of which as a result of excitation by a certain given frequency and can only be put into action through this.

If one holds now that each of these frequencies in their arrangement and to their graphic and mechanical representation corresponds to a number from ο to 9, so So each receiving station will have its own number by which it is designated and which will consist of so many digits, act as resonance circles, with each digit one given frequency. However, this number can be changed at will.

The sending station contains as many variogenerators as there are in the receiving station Resonance circles are available. Assume that each variogenerator has ten different Generate frequencies, each representable with a digit from ο to 9 (where of course one and the same number the same frequency in the variogenerator of the transmitting station and in the resonance circle of the receiving station, i.e. corresponding to each other), the transmitter has in the Sending station only the number of the receiving station for each individual transmission, with whom he wants to connect.

Claims (10)

Patent claims: 1. Telegraph system in which the characters are typed through a keyboard on the Transmitting station as groups of two or more different frequencies are formed and in the receiver over Resonators have a character registration mechanism, in particular a writing mechanism, actuate, characterized in that the currents forming the character elements of different frequencies, preferably in sinusoidal form, are successively superimposed on a carrier wave. 2. Telegraphing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the character element streams different frequencies are successively superimposed on a wire line instead of the carrier wave '. 3. System for telegraphy or radio telegraphy according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the transmitter has a number of variogenerators (A) for generating the character element streams and a switch (H) is provided, by means of which each basic ico frequency corresponding to the secret transmission Ordinal number can be interchanged at will, and that a distributor (/) effects the successive completion of the local drawing element circuits, namely by a number of contact brushes that are operated by the keys of a conventional typewriter. 4. System according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the switch no (H) consists of two concentrically arranged rows of mutually movable contact segments (E and F) and the segments of each contact set each with the amplifier and brushes (C) with each one of the segments of the other contact set are connected, which latter are connected to the distributor (/). 5. System according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the distributor (/) comprises an insulating body (K) which carries a number of contacts (L) corresponding to the required characters and a number of opposing contacts (M), the contacts (M) having different dimensions and facing decreasing contact groups (L). 6. System according to claims ι to 5, characterized in that the distributor (/) cooperates with a number of brushes (O) actuated by the buttons, which, in order to close the circuits of the frequency converter (A) one after the other, attach to the contacts of the contact rows (M and L) one after the other. 7. System according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the modulated, received in a known manner at the receiving station and amplified wave corresponding resonators of the frequency converters (A) corresponding number of resonators (T) excited by one of the switch (H ) Prepare appropriate switch (D) circuits, which are then supplemented by an automatic combiner (U) , which combines the successively received frequencies back into groups, so that each frequency group corresponds to the same composition generated by the distributor of the transmitting device, with the Combinator one after the other, closed circuits act on a writing mechanism (W) in a known manner. 8. System according to claims 1, 2 and 7, characterized in that the combiner (U) consists of a cylindrical body carrying contact elements (V) , the total number of which is equal to that of the characters to be transmitted, and that the combiner executes a rotary movement during the transmission, the start and stop of which before and after each transmission is determined by the transmitting station by means of frequency composition, wherein means are provided for returning the combiner to the initial position. 9. System according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that upon arrival of the first element current surge, part of the movements of the printing unit takes place without the printing itself goes, and that the second element current impulse the further movements of the Printing unit and thus causes the pressure itself. 10. System according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the official the sending station to just having among the different receiving stations To connect to a particular one, only the variogenerators (A) of the transmitting station have to be arranged in such a way that each variogenerator generates its own frequency of one of the resonators of the receiving station, which is indicated by numerical combinations in which one and the same frequency with one and the same number the frequency converters and resonators is called, can be done. For this purpose ι sheet of drawings