DE4405303C1 - Tillage implement - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to enable contaminated soils to be thoroughly mixed continuously and homogeneously whilst simultaneously introducing micro-organisms, nutrient solutions or the like in an unimpeded manner, a soil processing apparatus having a drive means disposed above the ground is proposed. The soil processing apparatus has a cutting and stirring tool comprising individual inclined wings (3a-o, 30a, b) which are arranged at spacings from one another in the peripheral and longitudinal directions of the hollow shaft (1) such that the end (28) of the leading wing in each case lies above the cutting edge (27) or in the same plane as the cutting edge (27) of the trailing wing. At least one outlet opening (10) is disposed below the associated wing (3a-o, 30a, b) in each case.

Description

The invention relates to a tillage implement according to the preamble of Claim 1.

When it comes to soil decontamination, the Soil condition and the possibility of spreading microorganisms and Nutrients play an important role.

Different methods are known with which the introduction of Microorganisms or of nutrients or one of these materials containing suspension is carried out in a contaminated soil the pollutants contained in the soil in a natural, microbiological way dismantle.

For this it is necessary to prepare the soil accordingly, so that it dissolved, loosened and mixed homogeneously. For this mechanical Preparation of the contaminated soil and its preparation for the Soil cultivation equipment or microorganisms are introduced Melioration devices that work in different ways can.

From EP 0475227 A2 a melioration device is known, in which Movement mechanism is a coulter attached to penetrate the floor to be decontaminated simultaneously executes a horizontal movement, so that between the back of the coulter and the soil a wedge-shaped Gap is opened in which an aerosol stream of microorganisms in a  Nutrient solution is entered. For this purpose the coulter is on the back provided with nozzles which are connected to the corresponding ones via a pipe system Storage container is connected.

With this device, different depths of soil with different Microorganisms or nutrient solutions are applied, however, is due to the intermittent way of working no continuous processing with high Degradation rates possible. In addition, there is no homogeneous mixing of the soil achieved.

From DE-PS 8 49 132 a device for laying cables is known one rotating, with outward and obliquely downward Cutting tools equipped cylinder. Because the cable at the bottom End of the rotating cylinder is out, is an inclined position Cylinders indispensable. The wing-like cutting tools are like this trained that a compression of the circulating soil takes place. It namely should not increase volume, d. H. no accumulation of soil in the area in which the cable has already been laid in the ground. Since the soil is only circulated, there is no mixing of the Soil, but what for the treatment of decontaminated soil necessary is. In addition, no measures are provided to To bring microorganisms or the like into the soil.

Special treatment devices have therefore already been developed with which one continuous, homogeneous mixing of the contaminated soil to be carried out. From DE 40 03 362 C2 is a Tillage device known in the form of a combined cutting and Mixer designed and screwed into the contaminated soil. To  for this purpose there is a rotatable on an above-ground carrier Hollow linkage provided, the cutting and at least at its lower end Mixing blades in the form of snails. Are between the snails special mixing blades arranged on one level with the hollow rods Suspension exit openings.

With this tillage implement, it is not possible to cover the entire area working soil depth to carry out microorganisms or nutrient solutions, because in No outlet openings are provided in the area of the screws. These are on the underside of separate mixing blades in a radial direction next to each other arranged so that the suspension is released downwards. Besides, will through the helical cutting and mixing blades during the rotation of the Soil cultivation equipment constantly soil material up and thus against the Conveyed outlets, thereby preventing the suspension from escaping, if not made impossible. The unprotected arrangement of the Outlet openings in any case makes a homogeneous loading of the Soil with suspension impossible. Another disadvantage is that the Soil to be worked completely upwards by the augers must be transported and only then falls down, which is the efficiency of the tillage implement.

As a two to three times thorough mixing before the introduction of suspension and homogenization of the soil is required, the time and Energy expenditure and wear of the device are very high.

It is therefore an object of the invention, such a soil cultivation device further develop that a continuously homogeneous mixing of the contaminated soil with simultaneous unimpeded entry of Microorganisms, nutrient solutions or the like is possible.  

This task is done with a tillage implement according to the features solved by claim 1. Advantageous refinements are the subject of Subclaims.

The cutting and stirring tool has inclined wings that in The circumferential and longitudinal directions of the hollow shaft are spaced apart from one another in this way are arranged that the wing end of the leading wing above the cutting edge or on the same level as the cutting edge of the trailing wing.

The advantage of this wing arrangement is that it depends on the particular Wing captured soil due to the inclination of the wings raised and is crumbled and can fall down behind the wing because there is a corresponding free space between the wings. Among the At the same time, a wing is created in the wings by which the outlet openings located below the wing in the hollow shaft desired microorganisms, suspensions, nutrient solutions, granules or the like can be introduced largely unhindered.

It is advantageous here if the outlet openings are each in one area are arranged by the underside of the wing and by one through the Horizontal line going through the cutting edge and through a through the wing end vertical line is limited. In this case there are  the outlet openings in an area used during tillage regardless of the rotation speed of the tillage implement largely remains free from the soil to be worked on.

If the wing end of the leading wing is on the same level as the cutting edge of the trailing wing lies, there is no conveying effect achieved upwards, but only loosening the soil. However, will a promotional effect is required, the wing end of the leading one Wing above the cutting edge of the trailing wing. Through the The size of the respective cant can be the strength of the funding effect can be set. For this purpose, the wings are preferably adjustable attached to the hollow shaft. The funding effect can also be through a closer arrangement of the wings can be achieved.

The wings are thus arranged on a kind of stair line, whereby per Winding at least two wings are provided.

So that the loosened soil behind the respective wing can fall down again, care should be taken that the circumferential extent U _{F of} the wing is <1 / n of the circumference U of the hollow shaft, where n is the number of wings per turn.

The inclination of the wings is preferably 20-30 °.

According to a further embodiment, the wings are on a screw arranged, which is located between the hollow shaft and wing. The snail can be single or multi-course.

The pitch of the screw preferably corresponds to the order of the blades the hollow shaft according to the embodiment described above without Slug. The wings can be on the top or on the bottom of the  Snail attached. According to a further embodiment, the Wing be designed as a widening of the snail. In this case they are Wing integral part of the snail.

So that the height relation of the wings with respect to cutting edges and wing ends can be maintained, the wings have two sections. The first Section runs parallel to the screw and is at this z. B. by Screwed or welded attached. This first section goes into one upward angled second section that forms the wing end. Each depending on how much the second section is angled upwards, the Height relation to the cutting edge of the trailing wing is set become.

The advantage of this embodiment is that Driving speed in the horizontal direction the strength of the conveyor and Mixing effect can be set.

At low speeds, the soil is only covered by the wings captured and loosened up, with the crumbled ground behind the wings behind falls down. If the driving speed is increased, part of the captured soil on the snails and is at least partially upwards promoted. Due to the superposition of the conveying effect of the screw with the Loosening up by the wings creates a new kind of mixing effect.

The arrangement of the outlet openings corresponds to that of the embodiment without additional screw.

Granules to be introduced into the soil are supplied preferably via a funnel, which is arranged at the upper end of the hollow shaft is, or via an inlet pipe with the support of compressed air.  

By means of deflection devices mounted in the hollow shaft, preferably Baffles, and the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the hollow shaft the granules are directed to the outside and can through the Exit openings in the ground.

According to the principle of air injection, liquids based on mist can also be used the hollow shaft are introduced.

There is also the possibility of using air or aerosols and pipes Introduce granules separately into the hollow shaft from above, using these pipes do not touch the hollow shaft. In particular the introduction of warm air supports the degradation process of the microorganisms.

For introducing microorganisms, suspensions or other liquids these are under pressure with the help of one at the top of the hollow shaft attached rotating union in its own spray system. For this are the outlet openings equipped with spray nozzles or to the Outlet spray nozzles are arranged below the wings. The system pressure is within the range allowed for the microorganisms Value held.

Due to the resulting crumble effect and the intensive mixing of Microorganisms - nutrient suspensions can reduce the decontamination times and the turnaround times are reduced considerably.

For an even more differentiated introduction of media such as liquids, To enable granules or the like is the inside of the hollow shaft divided into at least two chambers.

Preferably two chambers are arranged one above the other, their own Feeders for media to be introduced are assigned. It will  possible to apply liquid between aerobic and anaerobic separate. So that the size of the chambers and thus the desired Discharge depth of the microorganisms can be controlled is the size of the Chambers adjustable. Via an arranged in the center of the hollow shaft Connection tube and a separating flange with seal are the two Separate chambers and an aerobic and anaerobic application enables. By changing the length of the connecting pipe Depth relations of the two chambers can be changed.

Furthermore, means for attaching to a horizontally movable Facility provided. So the tillage implement, for example attached to a gantry crane or agricultural tractor. In the case of Agricultural tractors are preferably the three-point hitch and the Drive is preferably via the PTO. In the case of the gantry crane preferably a separate electric or hydrostatic drive is provided.

The three-point hitch is advantageous in that it does so without additional Devices pivoting the hollow shaft by a predetermined Angle from the vertical is possible. Operational practice often results advantageous situations when the hollow shaft to the front, back, left or can be swung out to the right.

You can also have multiple tillage implements in one Bracket to be summarized and one or more Drive devices are driven.

To avoid one-sided forces on the traction device must Multi-shaft use, however, be careful that a balance of forces he follows. This is done by turning left and right Processing devices can be combined. The slopes of the wings the processing devices must be arranged in the correct direction.  

Because of the way of working explained, they are best up to the full working depth aerobic conditions created so that the soil layer to be worked can be increased significantly compared to previous methods. So it is possible the working depth of z. B. 80 cm to now increase to 150 cm. Accordingly, this would be the decontamination center Increase absorption capacity in the ratio of 80 to 150.

The time sequence of the processing operations is only to be chosen so that in the deepest point of the soil layer to be worked always enough oxygen is available if you want to work aerobically there.

The soil tillage implement, taken for example by a crane can be particularly suitable for use in Decontamination centers, where there are predetermined paths through the ground to be treated is driven. The low has an effect here horizontal displacement of the tillage implement and due to its mode of operation described above is highly efficient. The high efficiency is due in particular to the fact that the device is in the ground remains and does not have to be removed and moved if for example, has to be turned or changed to a different lane, and that due to the wing arrangement the soil only within Levels are moved and loosened up.

Exemplary embodiments are described below with reference to the drawings explained.

Show it:

Fig. 1, a soil cultivating implement in side view and partly in section,

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of the cultivator shown in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 shows the upper part of the soil cultivation appliance according to another embodiment,

So cut FIG. 4, the operation of the soil working device in the ground, in plan view, that the last three blades are visible,

Fig. 5, the operation of the soil working device in the area of the last three blades in the ground in a side view,

Fig. 6 is a tillage device according to another embodiment in side view, wherein the hollow shaft in the upper region is cut with air and granular feeding,

Fig. 7, a plurality of juxtaposed tillage equipment according to another embodiment,

Fig. 8 is a plan view in Fig. Juxtaposed tillage equipment 7,

Fig. 9 is a partial view of another embodiment,

Fig. 10 is a plan view and a section of the embodiment shown in Fig. 9,

Fig. 11 is a partial view of another embodiment and

Fig. 12 is a plan view and a section through the embodiment shown in Fig. 11.

In FIG. 1, a soil cultivating implement is shown, which has a hollow shaft 1 which is connected via a transmission hollow shaft 4 having a drive means 11. The hollow transmission shaft 4 and the drive device 11 are fastened to a common holder 21 which is pivotably fastened to a carrier 22 via the articulated arm 24 and via hydraulic cylinders 25 , 26 . The carrier 22 is on a horizontally movable device, such as. B. a gantry crane or a tractor, which is not shown in Fig. 1. By actuating the pressure medium cylinder 26 , the hollow shaft 1 can be pivoted out of the vertical.

On the underside of the hollow transmission shaft 4 , a flange 20 a is formed, on which the hollow shaft 1 is fastened with a corresponding flange 20 b. As a result, the hollow shaft 1 can be replaced with little effort.

On the outside of the hollow shaft 1 , a plurality of vanes 3 a to 3 e are arranged. The wings 3 a to 3 o are attached to holders 2 a to 2 o, which are welded to the hollow shaft. The wings 3 a to 3 o are preferably screwed to the brackets 2 a to 2 e, so that an exchange of the wings 3 a to 3 o is also possible in a simple manner.

The wings 3 a to 3 o are each arranged obliquely and can additionally have a curvature. In the embodiment shown here, the wings 3 a to 3 o consist of flat plates, the wing ends 28 each lying in the same plane 19 a, b, c as the cutting edge 27 of the trailing wing. In an area below the wings 3 a to 3 o, outlet openings 10 are provided in the hollow shaft 1 .

Granules can be introduced into the hollow shaft via the funnel 7 shown in FIG. 1. In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, air or aerosols and granules can be introduced separately via pipes 8 and 42 . This arrangement has the advantage that the media are introduced without contact between the items 4 , 8 , 42 without sealing elements. An excess of air is advantageously introduced so that degassing of the soil is carried out. This rinsing effect leads to a much faster breakdown of pollutants.

Another type of liquid introduction is shown in FIG. 3. Here, liquid is introduced into the spray system under pressure with the aid of a rotating union 14 attached to the upper end of the hollow shaft 1 .

By drawn in FIG. 1 baffles 9, the filled pellets are supported by falling speed, centrifugal force and possibly compressed air directed to the outside and the corresponding outlet openings 10 is supplied, from which then exits the granules in the soil to be reprocessed.

If liquids are introduced into the soil, the outlet openings 10 are provided with spray nozzles. It is also possible to arrange outlet openings and spray nozzles next to one another.

In Fig. 1, a so-called leading arrangement of the wings 3 a to 3 o is shown. The connecting line 39 of the wing ends 28 of the wings 3 a, 3 n arranged one above the other forms a left-turning screw line. This leading arrangement has advantages when working a floor that is interspersed with stones, because jamming between the individual wings can be largely avoided.

FIG. 2 shows a section through the hollow shaft from top to bottom of the wing arrangement shown in FIG. 1. The circumferential extent U _{F of} the individual vanes 3 a, b, c is chosen so that the sum of the circumferential extent of the three vanes 3 a, 3 b, 3 c present per turn is smaller than the total outer circumference U of the hollow shaft 1 .

In Figs. 4 and 5, the operation of the ground working device is schematically illustrated in the contaminated soil 29th

If the hollow shaft 1 equipped with the vanes 3 a to 3 o is moved in the direction of rotation in the state in which it is retracted into the ground and this process is superimposed at a predetermined driving speed, the tool cuts itself in the individual planes in the direction of travel into the floor area 5 a. The floor, which is separated when the tool rotates, slides over the inclined wings and falls - as shown in FIG. 5 - behind the tool again, which causes a crumbling effect. In addition, due to friction and incline, part of the loosened soil is conveyed into the likewise crescent-shaped cavity 6 behind the processing device, which leads to a further crumbling effect.

Due to the already described height relation of wing end 28 and cutting edge 27 there is no upward conveying effect but only a loosening of the soil. If a conveying effect is desired, it is possible to obtain one by raising the wing end 28 relative to the cutting edge 27 . The greater the elevation and the closer the tools are to each other, the greater the upward conveying effect.

Due to the free space 38 created behind and under the wing, there is the possibility of mixing granules or liquids into the soil via the outlet openings 10 . As shown in Fig. 5, the outlet opening 10 is located in an area 35 under the wing 3 a, which is limited by the underside of the wing 3 a and by the vertical 37 and the horizontal 36 .

A further embodiment is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, in which a plurality of hollow shafts 1 are arranged in a common holder 40 .

In FIG. 7, two hollow shafts 1 are shown, of which the left hollow shaft of its internal structure represents a further variant with respect to. The interior of the hollow shaft 1 is divided into two chambers 13 and 18 , which are separated from one another by a separating flange 16 with a seal 17 . The lower chamber 18 is supplied via a connecting tube 12 which ends in the separating flange 17 . It is thus possible to apply, for example, anaerobic microorganisms 15 on the under the wings 3 a and 3 b located spray nozzles and via the spray nozzles 15, which incorporate under the overlying wings 3 c 3 o are aerobic microorganisms in the soil. Corresponding rotary unions 14 a and 14 b are therefore also provided at the upper end of the hollow shaft 1 .

The sizes of the chambers 13 and 18 can be adjusted by changing the length of the connecting tube 12 . It is thus possible to assign more or fewer spray nozzles 15 to one or the other chamber 13 , 18 .

To avoid one-sided forces on the horizontally movable device, which is not shown in FIG. 8, however, care must be taken to ensure that forces are equalized. This is done in that two left-handed and two right-handed processing devices are provided according to the directions of the arrows. The slopes of the blades on the respective hollow shafts must be arranged in the correct direction of rotation.

In FIG. 9, a further embodiment is shown, wherein on the hollow shaft 1, first a worm 34 is mounted on the wings 30 a, 30 b are attached. The wings 30 a, 30 b have a first section 32 which runs parallel to the screw. This is followed by an upwardly angled section 33 , which forms the wing end 28 . The wings 30 a, 30 b can be attached to the top of the screw 34 (see FIG. 9) or to the bottom (see FIG. 11). The degree of bending of the section 33 is chosen so that the wing end 28 of the leading wing 30 a is on the same plane as the cutting edge 27 of the trailing wing 30 b.

The inclination of the sections 33 depends essentially on the incline of the screw 34 . With a small screw pitch, a slight bending of section 33 may be sufficient.

As can be seen from FIG. 10, the wings 30 a, 30 b are fastened to the screw 34 via screw connections 23 . Spray nozzles 15 are arranged under the worm 34 in the hollow shaft 1 and are protected by protective plates 41 from penetrating earth particles.

In Figs. 11 and 12 a further embodiment is shown in which the wings 30 a, 30 b at the bottom of the screw 34 are mounted. In Fig. 12, the direction of travel is shown by the double arrow and the direction of rotation by the single arrow. The cutting width of the wings 30 a and 30 b is marked with G.

If the hollow shaft-screw combination equipped with blades 30 a, 30 b is set in motion in the direction of rotation and then this process is superimposed with a travel movement when the device is retracted into the ground, then the tool also cuts here in a crescent shape into the base region 5 according to FIG . 4 and transports the loosened soil in the cavity 6. Under these conditions, there is also a pure relaxation effect. If, on the other hand, the wings are no longer able to transport the soil loosened in space 5 into space 6 and the loosened soil exceeds the dimension G shown in FIG. 12, the material is taken up by the worm 34 and transported upward , so that a promotion and mixing effect arises.

This means that a mixing or non-mixing operation can be determined via the speed of the hollow shaft 1 , the driving speed and the dimension G.

With the aid of the nozzle 15 and the outlet opening 10 , liquid and / or granular agents can be introduced and mixed in by means of the tillage device. A nozzle guard in the form of a protective plate 41 is intended to protect the spray nozzle 15 against blockages.

Reference list

1 Hollow shaft
2nda- o holder
3rda- o wing
4th Hollow gear shaft
5 crescent-shaped floor area
6 cavity
7 funnel
8th Inlet pipe
9 Baffle
10th Outlet opening
11 Drive device
12th Connecting pipe
13 chamber
14a, b rotating union
15 Spray nozzle
16 poetry
17th Separating flange
18th chamber
19tha, b, c level
20tha, b flange
21 bracket
22 carrier
23 Screw connection
24th Articulated arm
25th Hydraulic cylinder
26 Hydraulic cylinder
27 Cutting edge
28 Wing tips
29 soil
 30tha, b, c wing
31 Space
32 first section
33 second part
34 slug
35 Area under the wing
36 horizontal line
37 vertical line
38 free space
39 Connecting line
40 bracket
41 Fender
42 Inlet pipe

Claims (19)

1. Soil cultivation device with an above-ground drive means that drives a hollow shaft that can be screwed into the soil to be cultivated, on the outer circumference of which a cutting and stirring tool is arranged and that has outlet openings for media that can be supplied via the interior of the hollow shaft, characterized in that
that the cutting and stirring tool has individual inclined wings ( 3 a-o, 30 a, b) which are spaced apart in the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the hollow shaft ( 1 ) such that the wing end ( 28 ) of the leading wing above the Cutting edge ( 27 ) or on the same level as the cutting edge ( 27 ) of the trailing wing and
that at least one outlet opening ( 10 ) is arranged below the respectively assigned wing ( 3 a- 3 o, 30 a- 30 e). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet openings ( 10 ) are each arranged in an area ( 35 ) through the underside of the wing ( 3 a- 3 o, 30 a, b) and through one through the cutting edge ( 27 ) of the wing ( 3 a - 3 o, 30 a, b) horizontal line (36) and bounded by a vertical line (37) passing through the wing end ( 28 ). 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wings ( 3 a- 3 o, 30 a, b) are pivotally mounted on the hollow shaft ( 1 ). 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wings are arranged on a type of stair line, wherein at least two wings ( 3 a- 3 o, 30 a, b) are arranged per turn. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the circumferential extent U _{F of} the wing <1 / n of the circumference U of the hollow shaft ( 1 ), where n is the number of wings per turn. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wings ( 3 a- 3 o, 30 a, b) have an inclined position of 20-30 °. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a worm ( 34 ) is arranged between the wings ( 30 a, b) and the hollow shaft ( 1 ). 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the wings ( 30 a, b) a parallel to the screw, the cutting edge ( 27 ) having the first section ( 32 ) and an angled thereto, the wing end ( 28 ) forming the second section ( 33 ). 9. Device according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the wings ( 30 a, b) on the top of the screw ( 34 ) or on the underside of the screw ( 34 ) are attached. 10. Device according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the wings ( 30 a, b) are designed as a widening of the screw ( 34 ). 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the hollow shaft ( 1 ) is arranged pivotably from the vertical. 12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a filling funnel ( 7 ) for granular material is arranged at the upper end of the hollow shaft ( 1 ). 13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at the upper end of the hollow shaft ( 1 ) the hollow shaft ( 1 ) non-contacting tubes ( 8 , 42 ) are arranged for introducing air, aerosols or granules. 14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the outlet openings ( 10 ) are provided with spray nozzles ( 15 ). 15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the interior of the hollow shaft ( 1 ) is divided into at least two chambers ( 13 , 18 ). 16. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that two chambers ( 13 , 18 ) are arranged one above the other, which own feeds are assigned. 17. Device according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that the size of the chambers ( 13 , 18 ) is adjustable. 18. Device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that in the interior of the hollow shaft ( 1 ) in the region of the outlet openings ( 10 ) and / or spray nozzles ( 15 ) deflection devices ( 9 ) are arranged, which in the hollow shaft ( 1 ) introduced medium directs to the outlet openings ( 10 ) or spray nozzles ( 15 ). 19. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that Means for fastening to a horizontally movable device are provided.