DE4341313C1 - Combination of an excavator with a trailer - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is based on a combination of an excavator and a trailer according to the preamble of the main claim.

Such a combination is known for example from DE 25 57 812 A1. At this known combination is a cemetery excavator with a movable Cantilever arm that carries or can carry a trailer. About the Design of the trailer carried or about the interaction of the Excavators with trailers cannot be found in this state of the art. In particular, this document does not indicate that the excavator at work required materials or the materials resulting from the dredging work on the Trailers should or can be kept mobile.

SU 642559 is a combination of a trench excavator and a trailer known, being in the trench excavated by the excavator from the trailer from pipelines can be relocated. The excavator does not have a boom arm, but one Trencher, which acts as a continuous conveyor. Excavation is not carried out on the trailer here promoted, but the trailer only serves as a laying device for the pipes.

From DE 31 39 141 A1 a trailer vehicle is known, one on the loading area Device for receiving a cable drum is attached, the laying of the Cable from the trailer is provided. In addition, this trailer vehicle alternatively or additionally for the transport of masts and / or laying tools intended. This is about the type and design of the pulling vehicle Scripture can only be seen that this is the transport vehicle for the workers of the respective construction team.

A gripping device for gripping objects was known from NL 9101437 A, which can be attached to the boom of an excavator and with their help it is also possible to cut objects.

A similar gripping device for gripping and splitting objects is shown in FIG DE 42 18 502 A1 known.

Finally, from NL 8400331 A it is known to attach to the arm of an excavator to mount a mower instead of a bucket or a grab. over a combination of this excavator with a trailer is not a statement of this writing refer to.

Starting from this prior art, the task of the present application is to create a combination of an excavator and a trailer that with a simple design, an extended range of functions compared to known ones Solutions - especially with regard to interaction between the excavators and the trailer during work and with a view to improving the entire workflow - has.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

Appropriate refinements and developments for this solution result from the subclaims.  

The invention enables versatile combinations of excavators and trailers created that also allow a number of new ways of working. On the Followers can e.g. B. the material required at work (e.g. concrete, sand, stones, Pipes, cables, etc.) are carried along or transported in and out, without this extra vehicle is needed. When excavating, the excavator can be excavated to the Trailer lifted and taken away from time to time or elsewhere be filled in or handled. The same applies to the excavator performed mowing work or for comparable work in which material for Delivery and / or removal occurs.

The invention will now be based on exemplary embodiments and on the basis of drawing figures are explained in more detail, showing

Fig. 1 is a combination of an excavator with a trailer,

Fig. 2 is a mounted on the boom of the excavator gripping device for detecting or column of articles,

Fig. 3 a mounted on the trailer support frame with a cable drum and a mountable on the trailer gravel screen,

Fig. 4 shows a combination of an excavator with a trailer, here the excavator with its gripping device attached to the cantilever grips the trough of the trailer on a bracket and lifts, whereby the trough is tilted.

1. The trailer that is used in the invention is as follows be made:

• a) Material of the trailer construction
  The predominantly used material of the trailer is steel and in extreme use special steel (e.g. NOX).
• b) axis 112
  Depending on the application, the trailer can be equipped with one or more axles. It will preferably be one or a tandem axle, since this trailer will be easier to steer and maneuver than a two-axle trailer. The advantage of a two-axle trailer, or three-axle trailer, is the higher loading weight. The number of axles can thus be arbitrary, it also being possible to use several axles rigidly or to make several axles steerable. Basically, it is also possible to use a trailer with a chain drive, since this z. B. has a lower ground pressure.
  With all variants, the choice will be made according to the terrain and the material to be loaded. The track of the axle and thus the total width of the trailer will usually correspond to the size or width of the excavator. The width of the excavator and the width of the trailer can also be different. If the trailer is wider than the excavator, it may happen that the excavator can still pass through a narrow path, but the trailer no longer. Conversely, if the trailer is narrower than the excavator, the width of the loading area is not optimally used.
• c) Tires 106
  The nature of the wheels will be chosen depending on the terrain and the load of the trailer. In very extreme terrain (e.g. riverbed) it is advisable to use airless tires (e.g. stud segment tires), solid rubber wheels or chains. The choice of wheels will also depend on the speed to be driven, as it is possible to hang these trailers on other towing vehicles, for example a truck that is approved for use on the road and therefore runs at higher speeds than usual on the construction site .
• d) traction device 108
  The drawbar 108 is designed according to the size of the trailer. Drawbar load, length, with hand brake, with overrun brake or compressed air brake will be individually adapted to the trailer 102 and the towing vehicle 101 . If the towing vehicle is large enough, the trailer could also do without a brake.
• e) Steel trough 104
  The length of the trailer and the size of the trough 104 will also be adapted to the size of the excavator. Because of the loading and unloading of the trough by the excavator with grab or backhoe, it makes sense that the grab or backhoe can reach every point of the loading area.
  There are several options for the shape of the steel trough 104 . Depending on the number of axles and the tipping device on the side or only to the rear, rigid or movable side walls are attached.
  The stability of the trough 104 should e.g. B. when transporting heavy water blocks, also be designed so that it withstands this load during the tilting process.
• f) tilting device
  In order to be able to tip a tipper sideways or backwards, it must generally be equipped with a tipping cylinder, which in turn means that the cylinder requires an oil flow. When used with an excavator, no tilt cylinder is necessary as this can be done with the excavator. The trailer is tipped on the opposite side of the pivot point 105 by the tipper with a wire rope, which is designed as a loop. This wire rope loop 103 is protected by a steel tube. Now the gripper (e.g. bucket with thumb 122 ) or other holding devices can grip this bracket 103 and thus tilt the trailer trough 104 and thereby empty it.
  If the tipper is emptied to the rear, that is to say lifted up with the front wire rope loop 103 , this happens without any problems since the front side wall 142 is mostly rigid.
  However, if the tipper is emptied from the side, one of the mounting loops could interfere. If the trailer has movable side walls, the bracket support ropes can be rigid, because when tipping the side wall is folded down, the bracket rope would be in the way. If the trough 104 is constructed in such a way that the side walls cannot be opened, the wire rope bracket with hinges will be able to be folded away.
• g) Gravel sieves
  Gravel can also be screened as an additional device with relatively little effort. If you place a gravel sieve (e.g. inclined sieve 140 ) on this trailer, you can e.g. B. with the backhoe 121 on this sieve material. The coarse material falls over the side or back of the trailer. The desired fine material will fall directly into the trailer and is therefore immediately transportable.
  This gravel screen could use the same brackets 139 on the trailer as is used for the cable drum bracket 133 . All accessories can be lifted or removed from the trailer using a hand strap (e.g. wire rope) 141 and the excavator.
• h) Cable trolleys 102 + 133
  As an additional device, a bracket 133 can be placed and attached to this trailer 102 with little effort. This bracket 133 is constructed so that it can carry and unwind a cable drum 134 . This additional device can be easily lifted and removed from the excavator and would make any conventional cable trolley or trailer unnecessary.
• i) Lighting according to StVzo
  The trailer 102 can be equipped with the StVzo lighting if it is moved on the public road (e.g. if the construction site runs along the road).

2. The excavator used in the invention is as follows be made:

• a) mobile excavator or wheel excavator is a special feature only one or more towbars 107 and a gripping device z. B. 122 . The trailer coupling 107 for the trailer can be attached to the dozer blade or to the underframe of the undercarriage.
• b) crawler excavators
  If the crawler excavator has a dozer blade, the trailer hitch 107 can be fitted here. If this is not the case, a separate bracket will have to be attached to the undercarriage of the excavator. The bracket of the trailer coupling 107 must protrude in the running direction of the chain wheels 114 so far that the chains 114 do not interfere with the steering. That the trailer hitch is in the middle of the two drives will also be an advantage.
• c) Towbar 107
  The trailer hitch consists of a compact device that is commercially available and z. B. is used on the truck. If this trailer coupling is attached to the dozer blade, it would be advantageous if it could be easily disassembled, otherwise it could interfere with the dozer work.
• d) lifting devices z. B. 122
  The lifting device itself is already the excavator arm, the associated bracket could, for. B. be a gripper.
  • d) 1. Grippers 122, 123
    The gripper, which could also be used here, has long been commercially available and is therefore not new. What is new, on the other hand, is that this gripper can hold and lift the holding bracket 103 of the trailer 102 , which makes it possible to tilt the trailer trough 104 . See also the tilting process in FIG. 4.
  • d) 2. Backhoe 121
    When used with the backhoe bucket on the excavator, the bracket 103 on the tipper can be lifted but not secured. A retaining tooth 123 will take over this protection. The tooth (comparable to the thumb of one hand) 123 is installed on the articulated arm 119 of the excavator and engages with the backhoe bucket 121 . There are two variants of the tooth, which is compared here with the thumb of a hand:
    Variant A: is that the pivot pin 125 of the bucket is the same pivot point as the pivot pin 126 of the thumb 123 . In this embodiment, the middle tooth of the bucket 121 and the tip of the thumb 123 will always meet at any position.
    Variant B: In this version, the two radii of the pivot pins 126 and 125 are different. If the articulated arm 119 of the excavator is placed vertically downwards, the articulation point of the thumb 126 will be higher. The advantage of this design is that the thumb 123 can reach into the bucket until it reaches a given stop. So there is the possibility, for. B. to grab the smallest branches.
  • d) 3. Log splitter 128
    An additional device for this thumb 123 is an iron wedge 128 , which is inserted and screwed over the thumb. The iron wedge 128 can consist of a simple cutting edge or a cross.
    The splitting process is now very easy.
    As a rule, one-meter-long pieces of round wood 127 (hardwood) are split. The excavator drives next to the wood 127 to be split and brings it in the longitudinal direction of the boom 117 , then the backhoe bucket 121 is attached to the more distant side of the wood and pressed together with the thumb 123 or riving knife 128 on the side facing the excavator. This process is repeated until the desired size of the firewood is reached. This split wood can now be picked up and loaded in bundles with the splitting device.
    No additional person is required for the splitting process. Only if the split firewood is loaded immediately, it makes sense if one person takes the wood, e.g. B. on the truck.
• e) Additional equipment for mowing
  A mower is installed here instead of the bucket, possibly with a quick-change system. The drive can take place via an additional hydraulic line. Mowing is primarily carried out by swiveling the upper structure of the excavator. If one or more mowing (s) (row) is mowed, the excavator continues to drive. The excavator can thus use its entire swivel range, which enables mowing that is very gentle on the ground. In conventional mowing vehicles such. B. tractor the ground must be driven much more, which in a wet meadow z. B. can bring many problems.
  A crawler excavator with a mower is preferred for wet meadows and steep slopes, since a crawler excavator has less ground pressure and is more off-road. The workflow can be compared to a man waving a scythe.

3. Combination excavator - trailer
So far, excavators and trailers in various designs and sizes have been used on the free market. Only the combination of these two devices allows new ways of working.

• a) Sequence of movements
  The combination of mobile excavator - trailer will be slightly different from the movement sequence than with the combination of crawler excavator - trailer. The wheel excavator - trailer version depends on whether the trailer is attached to the steering axle or the rigid axle. Every excavator operator will choose the right version for himself.
  If the crawler excavator had a dozer blade 113 , this would make sense to accommodate the pulling device 107 .
• b) Possible uses
  The possible uses would be, for. B. in canal or road construction. Where previously an additional device such. B. a wheel loader had to be used to supply the construction site with material, the excavator can now take the desired material (e.g. concrete, sand, pipes, etc.) in the trailer.
  The advantage here is not only the time saved on the construction site, but also the purchase of additional construction equipment such as. B. wheel bearings, where more machines can mean more machinists.

Reference list

101 excavators can be rotated 360 degrees
102 followers
103 Retaining bracket attached to the trailer with internal wire ropes, making it flexible
104 steel tipping body
105 Swivel when tipping backwards
106 wheels with rubber studs
107 Trailer device
108 Drawbar or drawbar with braking devices
109 Jockey wheel movable
110 crank for jockey wheel
111 parking brake
112 axle of the trailer
113 dozer blade
114 chain drive
115 drive wheel or Duras
116 lifting cylinders
117 lift arm or boom
118 articulated cylinder
119 articulated arm
120 bucket tilt cylinders
121 buckets
122 Gripping device with bucket and gripping tooth or holding tooth
123 gripping tooth or holding tooth (also referred to here as a thumb)
124 cylinder of the gripping or holding tooth (thumb)
125 bucket link pins
126 pivot pin of the gripping tooth (thumb)
127 logs, which are split and processed into firewood
128 riving knife with side view and top view
129 Direction of movement during splitting
130 bracket to 124 and at the same time stop to avoid self-destruction by 123
131 101 and 102 when tipping backwards
132 The trailer's undercarriage is held by the excavator via the trailer device during the tipping process
133 Attachable support frame for cable drum
134 cable drum or pipe drum can be placed on 133
135 The center of rotation of the cable drum is a steel tube
136 recording for 135
137 Unrolling or rolling up medium z. B. cable or pipe
138 towing vehicle is during the work process, e.g. B. Unrolling a cable, attached here
139 retaining bolts that snap into place on the trailer
140 Inclined sieve is placed on trailers with the same retaining bolts 139 as the cable drum
141 holding bracket to lift sieve with gripper is in the center of gravity of the sieve
142 Front drop side of the trailer

Claims (8)

1. combination of an excavator ( 101 ) having a movable cantilever arm ( 117, 119 ) with a trailer ( 102 ), characterized in that the trailer ( 102 ) is designed to receive the goods to be moved by the excavator ( 101 ), in order to keep the materials required by the excavator ( 101 ) at work ready to move or to take up the materials resulting from the excavation work. 2. Combination of an excavator ( 101 ) with a trailer ( 102 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the trailer ( 102 ) has a trough ( 104 ) with a tilting device ( 105 ), wherein on the trough ( 104 ) a retaining bracket ( 103 ) is attached, which can be gripped and manipulated by means of the cantilever arm ( 117, 119 ) of the excavator ( 101 ) in order to tilt the trough ( 104 ). 3. Combination of an excavator ( 101 ) with a trailer ( 102 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gripping device ( 121, 122, 123 ) is attached to the cantilever arm ( 117, 119 ) of the excavator ( 101 ). 4. Combination of an excavator ( 101 ) with a trailer ( 102 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the trailer ( 102 ) a holding frame ( 133 ) for transporting and / or for rolling or unrolling a cable ( 137 ) or of pipes ( 137 ) is attached. 5. Combination of an excavator ( 101 ) with a trailer ( 102 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the trailer ( 102 ) a screening device ( 140 ) is attached for a wide variety of materials. 6. Combination of an excavator ( 101 ) with a trailer ( 102 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the gripping device ( 121, 122, 123 ) is designed for grasping objects (z. B. stones or wood). 7. Combination of an excavator ( 101 ) with a trailer ( 102 ) according to claim 3 or claim 6, characterized in that the gripping device ( 121, 122, 123, 128 ) is designed for splitting wood. 8. Combination of an excavator ( 101 ) with a trailer ( 102 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that a mower is attached to the cantilever arm ( 117, 119 ) of the excavator ( 101 ).