DE4313931A1 - Arrangement for retaining the pollutants from polluted landfill leachate waters - Google Patents
Arrangement for retaining the pollutants from polluted landfill leachate watersInfo
- Publication number
- DE4313931A1 DE4313931A1 DE4313931A DE4313931A DE4313931A1 DE 4313931 A1 DE4313931 A1 DE 4313931A1 DE 4313931 A DE4313931 A DE 4313931A DE 4313931 A DE4313931 A DE 4313931A DE 4313931 A1 DE4313931 A1 DE 4313931A1
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- pollutants
- layer
- adsorption
- adsorption layer
- landfill
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000149 chemical water pollutant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010805 inorganic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001935 peptisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/046—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium containing halogens, e.g. halides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
- B01J20/28035—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat with more than one layer, e.g. laminates, separated sheets
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zum Zurückhalten der Schadstoffe aus schadstoffhaltigen Deponie-Sickerwässern gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an arrangement for retaining the Pollutants from landfill leachate containing pollutants according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bei Deponien, insbesondere bei Sondermülldeponien, besteht die Forderung, daß die im Deponiekörper enthaltenen Schadstoffe nicht in die Biosphäre gelangen dürfen. Der Deponiekörper wird deshalb mit einer Deponieabdichtung versehen, die möglichst dicht sein, also möglichst keine Schadstoffe aus der Deponie austreten lassen soll. Technisch wird diese Aufgabe bislang durch Dichtungsschichten aus mineralischen Dichtungsmaterialien, meist Tonmineralien, gelöst, die eine vollständige Ummantelung des Deponiekörpers bilden, um nicht nur etwa im Deponiekörper enthaltene bzw. gebildete Sickerwässer zurückzuhalten, sondern auch das Eindringen von Niederschlägen in den Deponiekörper zu verhindern.In the case of landfills, particularly in the case of hazardous waste landfills the requirement that those contained in the landfill body Pollutants must not get into the biosphere. Of the Landfill bodies are therefore sealed with a landfill provided that are as dense as possible, so if possible none Let pollutants leak from the landfill. Technically So far, this task is characterized by sealing layers mineral sealing materials, mostly clay minerals, solved the complete sheathing of the landfill body form in order not only to contain or hold back seepage water, but also that Penetration of precipitation into the landfill body prevent.
Dichtungsschichten aus mineralischen Dichtungsmaterialien können, technisch betrachtet, für kurze Zeiträume als dicht angesehen werden. In Anbetracht dessen, daß Abfälle in den Deponien aber auf Dauer, sozusagen für die Ewigkeit gelagert werden, sind aber nicht nur kurze, sondern sehr lange Zeiträume in der Größenordnung geologischer Prozesse zu betrachten. In solchen Zeiträumen spielt auch die absolute Menge von etwa durch Diffusion und Konvektion durch die Deponieabdichtung hindurch- und aus der Deponie austretender Schadstoffe eine große Rolle. Die Verwendung von Dichtungsbahnen aus Kunststoffen bringt zwar für die erwähnten kurzen Zeiträume von 30 bis 50 Jahren eine höhere Dichtigkeit; man vergißt dabei aber meist, daß nach dieser Zeit die aus organischen Stoffen bestehenden Bahnen aufgrund von Stoffveränderungen ihre Dichtwirkung verlieren. Deshalb müssen mineralische Abdichtungen aus Materialien, die in geologischen Zeiträumen entstanden sind, diese Funktionen übernehmen.Sealing layers made of mineral sealing materials can, technically speaking, be dense for short periods of time be considered. In view of the fact that waste in the Landfills, however, stored permanently, so to speak, for eternity are not only short, but very long Periods on the order of magnitude of geological processes consider. The absolute plays in such periods Amount of about by diffusion and convection through the Landfill sealing through and out of the landfill Pollutants play a big role. The use of Sealing membranes made of plastics bring for the mentioned short periods of 30 to 50 years a longer one Tightness; but one usually forgets that after this Time due to the webs made of organic matter of material changes lose their sealing effect. That's why must have mineral seals made of materials used in geological periods have arisen, these functions take.
Aufgrund der Erkenntnis, daß mineralische Dichtungsmaterialien aus Feststoff (Boden) bestehen, der aufgrund seines strukturellen Aufbaus Porenräume aufweist, die teils mit Gas (Porenluft), teils mit Flüssigkeit (Porenwasser) gefüllt sind und der weiteren Erkenntnis, daß Deponiesickerwässer nicht vollständig, sondern nur die darin enthaltenen Schadstoffe zurückgehalten werden müssen, ist eine Anordnung zum Zurückhalten der Schadstoffe aus schadstoffhaltigen Deponiesickerwässern der eingangs angegebenen Art bekannt geworden (DE 37 17 884 A1). Dabei werden die Vorgänge der physikalischen und chemischen Adsorption in der Weise ausgenutzt, daß bei einer langsamen Durchströmung einer Schicht aus mineralischen Dichtungsmaterialien, wie sie einem Sickerprozeß oder einer Diffusion entspricht, die im Sickerwasser enthaltenen Schadstoffe diesem durch Adsorption an dem festen Körper entzogen und so zurückgehalten werden. Je nach Art, Dicke und Zusammensetzung einer solchen Adsorptionsschicht können auf diese Weise grundsätzlich alle Arten von Schadstoffen zurückgehalten werden. Die Zusammensetzung dieser Adsorptionsschicht richtet sich nach der Art der anfallenden Schadstoffe. Als Grundmaterial werden im wesentlichen mineralische Dichtungsmaterialien, vor allem Tonmineralien, insbesondere solche verwendet, die aufgrund ihrer Struktur hohe Adsorptionseigenschaften haben, denen aber auch noch besondere Adsorbermaterialien beigemischt werden können.Based on the knowledge that mineral Sealing materials consist of solid (soil), the has pore spaces due to its structural structure, some with gas (pore air), some with liquid (Pore water) are filled and the further realization that Landfill leachate is not complete, only the one in it contained pollutants must be retained an arrangement to retain the pollutants polluted landfill leachate at the beginning specified type become known (DE 37 17 884 A1). Here are the processes of physical and chemical Adsorption exploited in such a way that at a slow Flow through a layer of mineral Sealing materials, such as a seeping process or one Diffusion corresponds to that contained in the leachate Pollutants this by adsorption on the solid body withdrawn and thus held back. Depending on the type, thickness and composition of such an adsorption layer basically all types of pollutants in this way be held back. The composition of this Adsorption layer depends on the type of accumulation Pollutants. The basic material will be essentially mineral sealing materials, especially clay minerals, especially those used because of their structure have high adsorption properties, but also those special adsorber materials can be added.
Ein weiteres Problem besteht darin, daß in den Industrieländern bei der Energieerzeugung mit steigender Tendenz jährlich Millionen Tonnen von anorganischen Abfallstoffen, wie Filter- und Flugaschen sowie -stäuben anfallen, deren Zusammensetzung in einem sehr weiten Spektrum variiert. Diese Aschen müssen so entsorgt werden, daß sie bei Witterungseinflüssen nicht zu Verunreinigungen des Grundwassers führen. Schon durch den großen Mengenanfall, aber auch infolge der Gesetzeslage besteht das Bestreben, diese Aschen möglichst wiederzuverwerten.Another problem is that in the Industrialized countries with increasing energy generation Tendency annually millions of tons of inorganic Waste materials such as filter and fly ash and dust incurred, their composition in a very wide range Spectrum varies. These ashes have to be disposed of that they do not cause contamination when exposed to the weather of the groundwater. Already by the big one Quantity, but also due to the legal situation Strive to recycle these ashes as much as possible.
Obwohl Filteraschen über hydraulische Eigenschaften verfügen, d. h. bei Wasserzusatz abbinden, ist wegen der unterschiedlichen und wechselnden Zusammensetzung ein Einsatz bei der Herstellung von Beton nur unter sehr engen Bedingungen möglich. Die hydraulischen Eigenschaften werden deshalb oft nur in verschiedenen Verfestigungsverfahren ausgenutzt, die meist nur zum Ziel haben, unter Ausnutzung der hydraulischen Faktoren und zusammen mit bei Zementbeton üblichen Zusätzen ein zementartiges Produkt zu erhalten, das anschließend deponiefähig ist.Although filter ash has hydraulic properties dispose, d. H. setting with added water is because of different and changing composition Use in the production of concrete only under very tight Conditions possible. The hydraulic properties are therefore often only in different consolidation processes exploited, which mostly aim only, by exploiting hydraulic factors and together with cement concrete usual additives to obtain a cementitious product that is then landfillable.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist es auch schon bekannt geworden, bei diesem Abbindevorgang Schadstoffe eluatfest einzubinden (EP 0 323 482 B1). Versuchsergebnisse deuten dabei auf eine chemische Einbindung der Schadstoffionen in die bei der Hydratation gebildeten Mineralphasen hin, sofern die schadstoffbelasteten Stoffe unter gleichzeitiger Wasserzugabe unmittelbar zugemischt werden. Allen Verfestigungsverfahren ist jedoch gemeinsam, daß der zu deponierende Abfall sich um die Zugabemenge der Zusätze vermehrt.In this context, it has already become known in this setting process to incorporate harmful substances into the eluate (EP 0 323 482 B1). Test results point to one chemical integration of the pollutant ions in the Hydration formed mineral phases, provided that pollutants under simultaneous Add water immediately. Everyone Solidification process is common, however, that the to Landfilling waste concerns the addition amount of additives increased.
Schließlich ist es auch bekannt, eine flüssige Flugasche-Wasser-Suspension zum Füllen und gleichzeitigen Abdichten von Übertagedeponien zu verwenden (EP 0 060 902 B1). Diese Suspension soll bei Ausbreitung auf dem Boden der Deponie in alle Schlitze und Risse des Bodens eindringen und sich zu einer festen Schicht von geringer Durchlässigkeit verfestigen. Dabei kann der Abbindeprozeß in an sich bekannter Weise durch Zugabe von sogenannten Anregern beschleunigt werden.After all, it is also known to be a liquid Fly ash water suspension for filling and simultaneous Sealing of surface landfills (EP 0 060 902 B1). This suspension is said to spread on the Bottom of the landfill in all slots and cracks in the bottom penetrate and become a solid layer of less Solidify permeability. The setting process in in a known manner by adding so-called Accelerators are accelerated.
Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit für eine sinnvolle und wirtschaftliche Wiederverwertung von Kraftwerksasche zu schaffen, ohne daß diese als Abfallvolumen in Erscheinung tritt.Against this background, the object of the invention the basis for a meaningful and economic recycling of power plant ash too create without appearing as waste volume occurs.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing part of claim 1 specified features solved.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous further developments result from the Subclaims.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß Flugaschen und Filterstäube aus Stein- und Braunkohlekraftwerken einen verhältnismäßig hohen Gehalt (ca. 60%) an reaktiven Kieselsäuren aufweisen, die beim Verbrennungsprozeß oberhalb einer Betriebstemperatur von etwa 1600 Grad C entstehen. Kieselsäure ist in Wasser kolloidal gelöst; Über Koagulation und Peptisation bildet sich ein Gleichgewicht zwischen Kieselsol und Kieselgel aus, das durch Randbedingungen beeinflußt wird.The invention is based on the knowledge that fly ash and filter dust from hard coal and brown coal power plants relatively high content (approx. 60%) of reactive Have silicas above in the combustion process an operating temperature of about 1600 degrees C. Silicic acid is colloidally dissolved in water; About coagulation and peptization strikes a balance between Silica sol and silica gel made by boundary conditions being affected.
Kieselsäurelösungen liegen bei einem pH-Wert oberhalb 11 als Silikate vor. Aufgrund ihrer negativen Oberflächenladung stoßen sie sich gegenseitig ab; folglich ist das Kieselsäuresol sehr stabil. Durch Zugabe einer Elektrolytlösung mit leicht assoziierbaren Salzen, insbesondere mit Alkalisalzen, z. B. Kaliumchlorid, und Erdalkalisalzen, z. B. Calciumchlorid, wird erreicht, daß sich positive Alkalikationen um die negativ geladenen Silikatanionen lagern, wodurch die gegenseitige Abstoßung aufgehoben wird, so daß eine Gelbildung eintritt. Im Kieselgel liegt die Kieselsäure in Form hochkondensierter, dreidimensional vernetzter Polykieselsäuren mit oberflächenreicher Blattstruktur vor d. h. es wird durch die Gelbildung der Porenraum aufgefüllt und eine große innere Oberfläche erzeugt. Daraus resultiert ein entsprechend hohes Adsorptionsvermögen. Da hierbei nur die Salzfracht der Elektrolytlösung ausgenützt wird, könnte unter Umständen auch REA-Wasser verwendet werden, das seinerseits Abfall darstellt.Silicic acid solutions are at a pH above 11 than Silicates. Because of their negative surface charge they repel each other; consequently it is Silica sol very stable. By adding one Electrolyte solution with easily associated salts, especially with alkali salts, e.g. B. potassium chloride, and Alkaline earth salts, e.g. B. calcium chloride, it is achieved that positive alkaline cations around the negatively charged ones Silicate anions store, causing mutual repulsion is canceled so that gelation occurs. in the Silica gel is the silica in the form of highly condensed, three-dimensionally cross-linked polysilicic acids with surface-rich leaf structure before d. H. it is through the Gel formation filled up the pore space and a large inner Surface created. This results in a correspondingly high one Adsorption capacity. Since only the salt load of the Under certain circumstances, electrolyte solution could be used REA water can also be used, which in turn is waste represents.
Der Vorteil der Erfindung wird deshalb vor allem darin gesehen, daß es mittels Zugabe der Salzlösungen durch Bildung der Silikatgele gelingt, das Sorptionspotential des Abfallprodukts Flugasche für eine Adsorptionsschicht auszunutzen, die in der Lage ist, über geologische Zeiträume im Laufe von Jahrhunderten in ihrem Porenraum durch chemische und physikalische Bindung selektiv Schadstoffe, vor allem Schwermetalle, Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffe oder dergleichen, einzulagern. Diese Adsorptionsschicht ist Teil der Abdichtung und aufgrund ihrer strukturellen und chemisch-physikalischen Eigenschaften geeignet, diffundierende und konvektierende Schadstoffe aufzufangen sowie festzuhalten und zu binden.The advantage of the invention is therefore mainly in it seen that by adding the salt solutions The formation of the silicate gels succeeds in the sorption potential of the Waste product fly ash for an adsorption layer exploit that is capable of geological periods through centuries in their pore space chemical and physical binding of selective pollutants, especially heavy metals, mineral oil hydrocarbons or the like. This adsorption layer is part the waterproofing and because of their structural and suitable chemical-physical properties, to collect diffusing and convective pollutants as well as to hold on and bind.
Zur Herstellung einer Mischung für eine erfindungsgemäße Adsorptionsschicht wird Flugasche geeigneter Qualität in einem Zwangsmischer mit Alkali- oder Erdalkalisalzen unter Wasserzugabe aufbereitet und als erdfeuchte Masse mit einem Wassergehalt von etwa 15 bis 20% lagenweise eingebaut. Der Einbau kann auf herkömmliche Weise mit Lkw, Raupen, Walzen usw. erfolgen; die Verdichtung erfolgt vorzugsweise mit statischen Verdichtungsgeräten. Die Komponenten zur Verbesserung der Barriere sind einmal die Dicke der Schicht, von der die Diffusionsrate abhängt, und zum anderen ein möglichst kleiner k-Wert. Die Mischung beginnt nach etwa 3 Tagen abzubinden und eine große innere Oberfläche auszubilden. Die Bildung der Adsorptionsschicht ist nach ca. 3 Wochen abgeschlossen; parallel ist eine Verfestigung zu beobachten. Die Eigenschaft, Schadstoffe, vor allem Schwermetalle adsorptiv einzubinden, ist dann voll ausgebildet und bleibt dauerhaft erhalten.To produce a mixture for an inventive Adsorption layer is of suitable quality in fly ash a compulsory mixer with alkali or alkaline earth salts below Prepared water addition and as a moist mass with a Water content of about 15 to 20% installed in layers. Of the Installation can be done in the conventional way with trucks, crawlers, rollers etc. done; the compression is preferably carried out with static compaction equipment. The components for Improvement of the barrier are once the thickness of the layer, on which the diffusion rate depends, and on the other smallest possible k-value. The mixture starts after about 3 days to set and a large inner surface to train. The formation of the adsorption layer is after approx. Completed 3 weeks; there is a solidification in parallel observe. The property of pollutants, above all Including heavy metals by adsorption is then full trained and remains intact.
Durch Setzungen im Deponieauflager können Risse in der erhärteten Schicht entstehen, so daß sich Kanäle bilden können, durch welche die Schadstoffe durch Konvektion in den Untergrund und in das Grundwasser gelangen können. Aus diesem Grund ist es zweckmäßig, eine Adsorptionsschicht gemäß der Erfindung in einer Deponiebasisabdichtung schichtweise zusammen mit anderen rißunempfindlichen Schichten, z. B. Schichten aus mineralischen Dichtungsmaterialien, insbesondere Tonmineralien, anzuordnen, um damit Konvektion über Risse zu unterbinden.Settlement in the landfill site can cause cracks in the hardened layer arise so that channels form can through which the pollutants by convection in the Can get underground and into the groundwater. Out for this reason, it is appropriate to have an adsorption layer according to the invention in a landfill base seal in layers with other crack-insensitive Layers, e.g. B. layers of mineral Sealing materials, especially clay minerals, to prevent convection through cracks.
Eine besonders dichte Lagerung der Dichtungsmaterialien läßt sich mit einer Trockenmischung gemäß DE-Patent 38 23 874 erzeugen, die gemäß DE-Patent 37 17 885 trocken vorgemischt und in trockenem Zustand eingebaut wird, während die für die Wirksamkeit der Dichtungsschicht erforderliche Feuchtigkeit nach dem Einbau zugeführt wird.A particularly tight storage of the sealing materials can with a dry mixture according to DE patent 38 23 874 produce that dry premixed according to DE patent 37 17 885 and installed in a dry state, while those for the Effectiveness of the sealing layer required moisture is supplied after installation.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4313931A DE4313931A1 (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1993-04-28 | Arrangement for retaining the pollutants from polluted landfill leachate waters |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE4313931A DE4313931A1 (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1993-04-28 | Arrangement for retaining the pollutants from polluted landfill leachate waters |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19503142A1 (en) * | 1995-02-01 | 1996-08-08 | Horst Prof Dr Bannwarth | Forming solid material for deposition, or use in buildings, filling etc. |
DE19615175C1 (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 1998-01-15 | Bernhard Dipl Ing Zinke | Old dump and deposit cleaning process |
DE19647901C2 (en) * | 1996-11-20 | 2001-05-10 | Jan Burmeister | Procedure for preventing or reducing the discharge of pollutants from landfills |
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DE1017989B (en) * | 1953-05-22 | 1957-10-17 | Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh | Process for the production of underground seals, primarily in gravelly soil |
FR1250375A (en) * | 1960-03-09 | 1961-01-06 | Waterproofing process for underground works such as canals, dams, dikes, etc., built in natural permeable soils | |
DE2357407A1 (en) * | 1973-11-16 | 1975-07-24 | I U Conversion Systems Inc | Hardened cement material from coal flue gases - scrubbed with alkaline earth hydroxide, giving suspension of fly-ash and alkaline earth hydroxide and sulphite |
GB1439938A (en) * | 1972-10-24 | 1976-06-16 | Clarke Chapman Ltd | Waste material treatments |
DE2511109A1 (en) * | 1975-03-13 | 1976-09-30 | I U Technology Corp Delphia | Cement grout obtd. from gas washing muds - uses lime and limestone added for washing and fly ash in the gas |
US4028130A (en) * | 1974-08-02 | 1977-06-07 | Iu Conversion Systems, Inc. | Disposal method and use of sewage sludge |
DE2803531A1 (en) * | 1978-01-27 | 1979-08-02 | Basf Ag | Sealing soil surfaces against penetration of water-soluble waste - by treatment with silicate, acid, and organo-silicon cpd. |
DE2925882B1 (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1980-08-21 | Guenther Dr Heide | Method and device for the harmless disposal of ash containing sulphate |
US4226630A (en) * | 1979-04-03 | 1980-10-07 | Amax Resource Recovery Systems, Inc. | Leach-resistant solid bodies from fly ash and heavy metal sludge |
DE3044436A1 (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1982-06-03 | Guenther Dr Heide | Waste material disposal by mixing with lignite ash - and opt. adding water, to form mixt. hardening to water-impermeable material |
DE3329972A1 (en) * | 1983-08-19 | 1985-03-07 | Gebr. Knauf Westdeutsche Gipswerke KG, 8715 Iphofen | Process for making a product suitable for landfill disposal from coal-fired power station residues |
DE3347377A1 (en) * | 1983-12-29 | 1985-07-11 | Gebr. Knauf Westdeutsche Gipswerke KG, 8715 Iphofen | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WATERPROOF CONTAINER FOR DEPONIES |
EP0060902B1 (en) * | 1981-03-19 | 1987-06-24 | Poludniowy Okreg Energetyczny | A method of filling with simultaneous packing superficial storage yards with waste materials from power plants, thermal-electric power stations and heating plants |
DE3606313A1 (en) * | 1986-02-27 | 1987-09-03 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | SEALING MATERIAL FOR FLOOR SEALING |
DE3616380A1 (en) * | 1985-02-14 | 1987-11-19 | Zueblin Ag | Adsorption layer |
DE3717884A1 (en) * | 1987-05-27 | 1988-12-22 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Arrangement for retaining the pollutants from pollutant-containing landfill leachate waters |
DE3824514A1 (en) * | 1987-07-23 | 1989-02-02 | Knauf Westdeutsche Gips | Process for the production of selective absorbents and use thereof |
DE3725749A1 (en) * | 1987-08-04 | 1989-02-16 | Rheinische Baustoffwerke Gmbh | Processing environmentally harmful industrial waste e.g. filter dust - by compacting with binder e.g. to stackable blocks built up at dump |
DE3812705A1 (en) * | 1988-04-02 | 1989-10-26 | Cpm Ceramic Patent Management | Process for the treatment or preparation of clay or clay-containing compositions, process for the disposal of pollutants by means of clay or clay-containing compositions, and sealing or lining of landfills by means of clay or clay-containing compositions |
DE3838671A1 (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-05-17 | Hoechst Ag | Process and plant for converting pollutant-containing dusts into landfillable form |
DE3914685A1 (en) * | 1989-05-03 | 1990-11-08 | Procurement & Projects Gmbh | Sealing base layer for land-fill site - made by injecting three layers of thixotropic mineral and/or synthetic organic material |
DE3924565A1 (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1991-02-07 | Knauf Westdeutsche Gips | Prepn. of zeolite f from power plant waste - with alkali under defined conditions of molar ratios, temp. and duration |
DE3924564A1 (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1991-02-07 | Knauf Westdeutsche Gips | Prepn. of zeolite from power plant waste - with alkali under defined conditions of molar ratios, temp, and duration |
DE4003007A1 (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1991-08-01 | Koenig Klaus Dipl Ing | Soil sealing system for protection against harmful materials - has compacted base covered by concrete between polyethylene film layers, reinforced concrete and filter and drainage layer |
DE4005839A1 (en) * | 1990-02-23 | 1991-09-05 | Wagner Jean Frank Dr | MINERAL BASE SEALING OF A WASTE DISCHARGE |
DE4033884C1 (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1991-10-02 | Wolfgang Dipl.-Chem. Dr. 1000 Berlin De Ortlepp | Strengthening of mineral by raising its electrical conductivity - by adding water glass and/or silane(s) mixed with alkaline earth salt soln., to seal minerals and protect ground water |
-
1993
- 1993-04-28 DE DE4313931A patent/DE4313931A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD48533A (en) * | ||||
DE1017989B (en) * | 1953-05-22 | 1957-10-17 | Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh | Process for the production of underground seals, primarily in gravelly soil |
FR1250375A (en) * | 1960-03-09 | 1961-01-06 | Waterproofing process for underground works such as canals, dams, dikes, etc., built in natural permeable soils | |
GB1439938A (en) * | 1972-10-24 | 1976-06-16 | Clarke Chapman Ltd | Waste material treatments |
DE2357407A1 (en) * | 1973-11-16 | 1975-07-24 | I U Conversion Systems Inc | Hardened cement material from coal flue gases - scrubbed with alkaline earth hydroxide, giving suspension of fly-ash and alkaline earth hydroxide and sulphite |
US4028130A (en) * | 1974-08-02 | 1977-06-07 | Iu Conversion Systems, Inc. | Disposal method and use of sewage sludge |
DE2511109A1 (en) * | 1975-03-13 | 1976-09-30 | I U Technology Corp Delphia | Cement grout obtd. from gas washing muds - uses lime and limestone added for washing and fly ash in the gas |
DE2803531A1 (en) * | 1978-01-27 | 1979-08-02 | Basf Ag | Sealing soil surfaces against penetration of water-soluble waste - by treatment with silicate, acid, and organo-silicon cpd. |
US4226630B1 (en) * | 1979-04-03 | 1986-06-24 | ||
US4226630A (en) * | 1979-04-03 | 1980-10-07 | Amax Resource Recovery Systems, Inc. | Leach-resistant solid bodies from fly ash and heavy metal sludge |
DE2925882B1 (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1980-08-21 | Guenther Dr Heide | Method and device for the harmless disposal of ash containing sulphate |
DE3044436A1 (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1982-06-03 | Guenther Dr Heide | Waste material disposal by mixing with lignite ash - and opt. adding water, to form mixt. hardening to water-impermeable material |
EP0060902B1 (en) * | 1981-03-19 | 1987-06-24 | Poludniowy Okreg Energetyczny | A method of filling with simultaneous packing superficial storage yards with waste materials from power plants, thermal-electric power stations and heating plants |
DE3329972A1 (en) * | 1983-08-19 | 1985-03-07 | Gebr. Knauf Westdeutsche Gipswerke KG, 8715 Iphofen | Process for making a product suitable for landfill disposal from coal-fired power station residues |
DE3347377A1 (en) * | 1983-12-29 | 1985-07-11 | Gebr. Knauf Westdeutsche Gipswerke KG, 8715 Iphofen | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WATERPROOF CONTAINER FOR DEPONIES |
DE3616380A1 (en) * | 1985-02-14 | 1987-11-19 | Zueblin Ag | Adsorption layer |
DE3606313A1 (en) * | 1986-02-27 | 1987-09-03 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | SEALING MATERIAL FOR FLOOR SEALING |
DE3717884A1 (en) * | 1987-05-27 | 1988-12-22 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Arrangement for retaining the pollutants from pollutant-containing landfill leachate waters |
DE3824514A1 (en) * | 1987-07-23 | 1989-02-02 | Knauf Westdeutsche Gips | Process for the production of selective absorbents and use thereof |
DE3725749A1 (en) * | 1987-08-04 | 1989-02-16 | Rheinische Baustoffwerke Gmbh | Processing environmentally harmful industrial waste e.g. filter dust - by compacting with binder e.g. to stackable blocks built up at dump |
DE3812705A1 (en) * | 1988-04-02 | 1989-10-26 | Cpm Ceramic Patent Management | Process for the treatment or preparation of clay or clay-containing compositions, process for the disposal of pollutants by means of clay or clay-containing compositions, and sealing or lining of landfills by means of clay or clay-containing compositions |
DE3838671A1 (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-05-17 | Hoechst Ag | Process and plant for converting pollutant-containing dusts into landfillable form |
DE3914685A1 (en) * | 1989-05-03 | 1990-11-08 | Procurement & Projects Gmbh | Sealing base layer for land-fill site - made by injecting three layers of thixotropic mineral and/or synthetic organic material |
DE3924565A1 (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1991-02-07 | Knauf Westdeutsche Gips | Prepn. of zeolite f from power plant waste - with alkali under defined conditions of molar ratios, temp. and duration |
DE3924564A1 (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1991-02-07 | Knauf Westdeutsche Gips | Prepn. of zeolite from power plant waste - with alkali under defined conditions of molar ratios, temp, and duration |
DE4003007A1 (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1991-08-01 | Koenig Klaus Dipl Ing | Soil sealing system for protection against harmful materials - has compacted base covered by concrete between polyethylene film layers, reinforced concrete and filter and drainage layer |
DE4005839A1 (en) * | 1990-02-23 | 1991-09-05 | Wagner Jean Frank Dr | MINERAL BASE SEALING OF A WASTE DISCHARGE |
DE4033884C1 (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1991-10-02 | Wolfgang Dipl.-Chem. Dr. 1000 Berlin De Ortlepp | Strengthening of mineral by raising its electrical conductivity - by adding water glass and/or silane(s) mixed with alkaline earth salt soln., to seal minerals and protect ground water |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
KLEY, Wolfram: Dichtungsmaterial aus Braunkohlen- kraftwerksasche -Laborversuche und erste Zwischen-ergebnisse.In: Müll und Abfall, 7/80, Sonderdruck * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19503142A1 (en) * | 1995-02-01 | 1996-08-08 | Horst Prof Dr Bannwarth | Forming solid material for deposition, or use in buildings, filling etc. |
DE19503142C2 (en) * | 1995-02-01 | 1998-12-17 | Horst Prof Dr Bannwarth | Binder and and its use |
DE19615175C1 (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 1998-01-15 | Bernhard Dipl Ing Zinke | Old dump and deposit cleaning process |
DE19647901C2 (en) * | 1996-11-20 | 2001-05-10 | Jan Burmeister | Procedure for preventing or reducing the discharge of pollutants from landfills |
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