DE4307277A1 - Distant-vision holograms - Google Patents

Abstract

In the known transmission-rainbow holograms, the spectral colours can be seen over the whole surface and monochromatically only in a narrowly limited distance range. By virtue of the common geometric fixed points: hologram points (5), master positions (13, 14), reference (15) and reconstruction-light positions (21), the new method and the device for the recording (2), reconstruction (4) and illumination geometry (6) in the geometric reference frame (2, 4, 6) permit the subject to be seen in the spectral colours (81) over the whole surface and monochromatically at any desired distance (92) from the hologram (1). In order to see the subjects (55) of the template (mask) (35) in spectral colours over the whole surface and monochromatically at any distance (92), the spectral light (81) for identical wavelengths (8) is mutually parallel (9) for each point (5) of the hologram (1) and the focal point (19) of the point-light luminaire (18) of the illumination geometry (6) is at the focal point (21) of the illumination beams (17) of the reconstruction geometry (4) and at the focal point (15) of the reference-light beams (17) of the recording geometry (2). The transmission-rainbow hologram (1) shows, for the observer (53), spectral monochromatic subjects (55) on the entire hologram surface (25) at any distance (92). <IMAGE>

Description

Distant holograms are rainbow holograms in the spectral colors see and see under 200 mn with 3D motifs. The whole area remains in the near and far range, reconstructed within the scope of the opening angle by depend on the imaging, reconstruction and lighting geometry. The diffraction efficiency reaches almost 100% if the required exact Coordination between recording, reconstruction and lighting geometry for each point of the hologram, regardless of whether with suitable artificial light or sunlight is illuminated. For the reconstruction with sunlight are holograms with more than one reference or Suitable for object light, because, due to the migration of the sun, the lighting to reconstruct the hologram from all directions. The loss of brightness due to exposure with more than one reference or object light is opposed to the sun by the multiple light intensity balanced with artificial light.

State of the art

Rough holograms of common design, from a location from a great distance are only partially reconstructed, if at all, and the reconstructed spectral colors fade. The hologram lighting more common Design is not for the special different requirements of the constructed maximum reconstruction of the holograms and therefore only allows a limited effect at close range and almost at all for long range no. With holograms of conventional design, the reconstruction is on the outside area, illuminated with artificial light in daylight, only very weakly see. The assembly of holograms for the outdoor area more common Design between glass are not completely weatherproof and have visible ones Fasteners.

problem

The invention specified in claim 1 is based on the problem of recording, Reconstruction, lighting, packaging and application techniques To create that are coordinated with each other, so that a targeted optimal Reconstruction according to local conditions with sunlight or artificial light possible Lich, the hologram reconstruct evenly over the entire surface  ized, in the 3D area up to 200 m just as bright and over the whole area as in the distance area as spectral color design.

invention

This problem is solved with the measures of claims 1-16.

Advantageous effect of the invention

With the invention it is achieved in the application that holographic Surfaces and objects can be manufactured, which informio precisely controlled in the near and far range, three-dimensional and spectral convey colored design. Due to the precisely coordinated recording, Re construction, lighting and application techniques is a maximum Efficiency and a correspondingly lower energy expenditure for the Reconstruction of these distant holograms given.

Development of the invention

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are given in claims 1-16. The possible variations and areas of application are varied. The distant view hologram technique is suitable:
For long-range and short-range
for outdoor and indoor use,
for every day and night light situation,
for a narrow and wide observer area,
for static and moving observers,
for static and moving holograms,
for straight and curved holograms,
bending holograms,
for punctiform and oversized holograms,
for monochrome and multi-colored reconstructions,
for small and large holograms,
for 3D motifs up to 200 m and spectral designs up to 200 m and several kilometers,
for reconstructions of sunlight and artificial light,
for static and moving hologram lighting,
for two- and three-dimensional motifs when recording the holograms,
for the use of templates and grids when recording,
for the production of all types of holograms, such as laser and white light holograms, transmission and reflection holograms, grating holograms and holographic optical elements,
for static and moving motifs during reconstruction,
for static and computer-controlled advertising spaces,
for straight and curved hologram films,
for one and more reference light sources when recording,
for one and more object light sources,
for straight and crossed master strips,
for short and long master strips in relation to the hologram width,
for weatherproof assembly between glass,
for colored lighting indoors and outdoors,
for colored signal lamps from square millimeters to square meters,
for small and large pears that change color,
for lighting that illuminates an obliquely illuminated surface evenly bright,
for fittings that show different information in different colors at the same time,
for fittings that show different information in different colors in one place,
for conical and wedge-shaped lighting beams,
for lighting with multiple point light sources with only one illuminant,
for the reconstruction of parallel beams of the same wavelength with conical, wedge-shaped and parallel light beams,
for mirrored and transparent windows, doors, walls, ceilings and floors,
for pedestrian and car guidance systems,
for information boards and traffic signs,
for all types of pictograms,
for information that is directed far around and related to a point,
for colored illumination of buildings and rooms.

Presentation of the invention

Fig. 1 The rainbow transmission hologram ( 10 ) has a curved holographic film ( 11 ) and a short master strip ( 13 ) in the recording ( 2 ). The reconstruction geometry ( 4 ) after the position of the hologram ( 10 ) causes the hologram lighting ( 18 ) to start from a focal point ( 19 ). The spectral vertical opening angle ( 20 ) is approximately 20 °. The position of the hologram lamp ( 18 ) cannot be changed ( 21 ) in the vertical direction and at a distance from the hologram ( 1 ). The horizontal opening angle ( 22 ) is approx. 40 °. The focal point ( 19 ) of the hologram lamp ( 18 ) can be displaced ( 23 ) to a limited extent horizontally, this also causes the reconstruction beams ( 7 ) to be displaced horizontally ( 23 ).

Fig. 2 are hologram films ( 11 ) bent horizontally and exposed with a hologram-wide master strip ( 14 ), the holograms can remain flat ( 10 ) when they are reconstructed horizontally with the wedge beam lamp ( 28 ).

Fig. 3 At the hologram illumination (18) with an illumination focus (19), the light coming from a light emitting means (30) of a Elypsoidscheinwerfers (31) of conventional design and is connected to elypsoiden reflector parts (32) over a second focal point as to the hologram (1) directed that the lighting beams are intersection-free and uniformly bright ( 26 ) over the entire hologram surface ( 25 ).

Fig. 4 In this hologram lighting ( 18 ) with a focal line ( 24 ), the light comes from a lamp ( 30 ) in an Elypsoid headlight ( 31 ), is reflected on an elypsoid reflector ( 32 ) and a circular segment reflector ( 33 ) and occurs at the focal point line ( 24 ) wedge-shaped ( 28 ) and illuminates the hologram ( 1 ) uniformly bright, without the illumination beams ( 16 ) crossing.

Fig. 5 By a vertical bending of the hologram film ( 11 ) in the recording ( 2 ) and a horizontal bending of the hologram ( 12 ), a short lighting geometry ( 6 ) is created.

Fig. 6 By bending the hologram film ( 11 ) horizontally during the exposure ( 2 ) and vertically bending the hologram ( 12 ), the master length ( 14 ) is apparently shortened afterwards ( 13 ).

Fig. 7 hologram films ( 3 ), which are flat when shooting ( 2 ), can be illuminated with the wedge beam lighting ( 28 ), Fig. 3, when the hologram ( 12 ) is bent horizontally.

Fig. 8 holograms with the same width master ( 14 ) and curved film ( 11 ) and symmetrical master distribution ( 14 ) and reference distribution ( 15 ), when placing the developed film 2 parallel reconstruction bundles ( 9 ), which from all 4 directions with a parallel beam Reconstruct headlights ( 29 ), whereby the light source ( 29 ) can be moved back and forth ( 63 ) in the side view and back and forth ( 23 ) in the top view, the reconstruction ( 7 ) changes accordingly.

Fig. 9 Double reconstructed with 2 references ( 15 ) from different positions of exposed hologram films. In predetermined focal points ( 19 ), point light sources ( 58 ), slide projectors ( 59 ) or film projectors ( 60 ) can be installed, which generate different spectral color motifs ( 55 ) for the viewer ( 53 ) with coordinated light from different directions and at different times . Mixed colors can be created through targeted double exposures. Furthermore, there is the possibility for the reconstruction ( 7 ) to change the color effect ( 55 ) on the hologram ( 10 ) by changing the lighting position ( 23 ).

Fig. 10 hologram film ( 3 ), recorded flat ( 2 ), with 2 references ( 15 ) reconstructed ( 7 ) in 2 directions in the side view, and in one direction in the plan view. The hologram lighting ( 18 ) with a parallel beam of the light source ( 29 , 34 ) is possible from both sides of the hologram ( 1 ), the light source ( 29 , 34 ) moving in all 3 spatial directions. The reconstructions ( 7 ) move accordingly. Conversely, the hologram ( 1 ) can oscillate vertically around its center at fixed illumination positions ( 18 ) and observer positions ( 53 ).

Fig. 11 In the reconstruction ( 7 ) of a cruciform master image ( 14 ), the hologram ( 10 ) can bend the light rays as if they were shining from a thin medium into a dense medium. A distant view hologram ( 1 ) is created here when the incident rays are parallel.

Fig. 12 hologram films ( 11 ), which are partially covered with black motif stencils ( 35 , 36 ) and are exposed from different master positions ( 41 ), result in illuminated with a hologram lamp ( 18 ), spectrally colored images corresponding to the motif ( 54 ). The motif templates ( 35 , 36 ) can be grid-like ( 36 ) or figurative ( 35 ).

FIG. 13 computer-controlled rainbow hologram image area produced according to the technique of FIG. 9.

Fig. 14 Here are two examples of holograms ( 1 ) which, depending on the distance ( 92 ), convey information to the viewer ( 53 ) or driver ( 91 ) using 3D images ( 56 ) or spectrally colored motifs ( 57 ): 1. Information board ( 75 ) and 2. Traffic sign ( 76 ). If the viewer ( 53 ) moves from the area above 200 m to the area below 200 m, a motif ( 54 ) can change from the pure spectral image to the 3D image. With the traffic sign, individual motifs on hologram parts can be seen in succession from the moving car.

Fig. 15 The all-weather-resistant assembly (42) between glass (43, 44) consists of a front glass (43), double-sided Klebefo lie (64), hologram (1) double-sided adhesive sheet (64), plastic or metal film mirror (65), Fastening devices ( 46 ) which are embedded in cast resin ( 66 ), such as a retaining tab ( 47 ) with a welded-on fastening nut ( 49 ) and holding bracket ( 48 ) or cylinder sleeve ( 50 ) or countersunk head nut ( 51 ) and clear ( 44 ) or mirrored ( 45 ) rear side glass ( 44 ) with glass holes ( 67 ).

Fig. 16 th Converting Re with the front glass (43), double-sided adhesive sheet (64), Holo program (1), casting resin (66) and back glass (44) (42) holograms (1) are connected at the abutting edges (72) of the discs a cast resin ( 66 ) cast Velcro tape ( 52 ), which allows a quick frameless Mon days of walls ( 71 ), floors ( 86 ) and ceilings ( 87 ). Dismantling is carried out using triangular metal strips that are pushed into the Velcro fastener from the side.

Claims (14)

1. Distant vision holograms ( 1 ), characterized in that, Fig. 1 and 2, with hologram films, flat ( 3 ) or curved ( 11 ), recorded with a special recording geometry ( 2 ), the reconstruction geometry ( 4 ) is such that for each a single point ( 5 ) of the hologram with appropriate lighting geometry ( 6 ) all emerging reconstruction beams ( 7 ) of the same wavelength ( 8 ) parallel ( 9 ) to each other. 2. Holograms according to claim 1, characterized in that, Figs. 3 and 4, the illuminating beams ( 16 ) of the hologram lighting ( 18 ) for each individual point ( 5 ) of the hologram are identical to the illuminating beams ( 17 ) of the hologram ( 1 ) and the illumination over the entire hologram surface ( 25 ) is equally bright ( 26 ), and the illumination beams ( 16 ) do not intersect between the focal point ( 19 ) or focal line ( 24 ) and the hologram ( 1 ), and the basic forms of the illumination tion geometry ( 6 ) are beams in the shape of a cone ( 27 ), a wedge ( 28 ) and a cylinder ( 29 ). 3. Holograms according to claims 1-2, characterized in that, Figs. 5 and 6, the holograms plan ( 10 ) or curved ( 12 ) result in a reconstruction geometry ( 4 ) which is identical for each individual point ( 5 ) of the hologram with the illumination rays ( 17 ) of the hologram and those of the hologram illumination ( 16 ) so that the reconstruction rays ( 7 ) for the same wavelengths ( 8 ) are parallel ( 9 ). 4. Holograms according to claims 1-3, characterized in that, Fig. 6, in the hologram film exposure ( 3 , 11 ), the laser radiation structure for object light ( 13 , 14 ) and reference light ( 15 ) for each individual point of the hologram ( 5 ) so is directed that the hologram ( 1 ) corresponds to the lighting conditions ( 6 ) and reconstruction conditions ( 4 ) for distance vision holograms ( 1 ). 5. Holograms according to claims 1-4, characterized in that, Fig. 7, the object light ( 37 ) when recording ( 2 ) from a laser ( 38 ), a holographic optical element ( 40 ) or a master strip ( 41 ) can come and the Shape and location of the hologram film ( 3 , 11 ) and the reference light source ( 15 ) for each point of the hologram ( 5 ) the conditions of lighting ( 18 ) and reconstruction ( 7 ) for distant view holograms ( 12 ) met. 6. Holograms according to claims 1-5, characterized in that, Fig. 8, with a curved hologram film ( 11 ) and symmetrically arranged master ( 14 ) and reference light ( 15 ) the plane hologram ( 10 ) with parallel beams ( 9 ), through reconstructed a parallel beam lamp ( 29 ) in all four directions as a distant view hologram ( 1 ). 7. Holograms according to claims 1-6, characterized in that, Fig. 9, in the recording geometry ( 2 ) of the curved hologram film ( 11 ) of two reference light sources ( 15 ) and a short master strip ( 13 ) is exposed, the flat holograms ( 10 ) are illuminated with 1 or more light sources ( 18 ) from different positions, and the illumination geometry ( 6 ) is conical and is moved in four directions in the focal point ( 19 ), so that different spectral colors ( 55 ) arise for an observer. 8. holograms according to claims 1-7, characterized in that, Fig. 10, with flat holographic film ( 3 ) and above and below the master ( 14 ) located reference lights ( 15 ) the reconstruction ( 7 ) for sunlight ( 34 ), so ge can be directed that it follows the constantly changing position of the sun. 9. holograms according to claims 1-8, characterized in that, Fig. 11, a hologram film ( 3 ), which is recorded with a cross-shaped master ( 14 ), results in a reconstruction geometry ( 4 ), which is from both sides of the hologram ( 1st ) can be illuminated with a parallel beam light ( 29 ) or sun rays ( 34 ), the light sources ( 29 , 34 ) being able to move in all three spatial directions ( 63 ). 10. Holograms according to claims 1-9, characterized in that, Fig. 12, parts of the curved hologram film with ( 11 ) stencils ( 35 ) or grid ( 36 ) of black ( 91 ) and empty ( 92 ) fields are covered one after the other during exposure in the order of the different master positions ( 41 ) with a constant reference light position ( 15 ), or individual differently exposed hologram film parts are assembled after exposure according to the motif ( 54 ). During the reconstruction ( 7 ) with a suitable hologram illumination ( 18 ), the observer sees a motif ( 54 ) on the hologram ( 1 ) multicolored ( 55 ) in the spectral colors red ( 88 ), blue ( 89 ) and green ( 90 ) . 11. Holograms according to claims 1-10, characterized in that, Fig. 13, the computer-controlled ( 77 ) rainbow hologram image area ( 78 ), according to Fig. 9 different spectral colors ben for a partial area or Picel ( 80 ) of a hologram ( 1st is generated) for a viewing position (53) by widening the position of the hologram light source (18) in the direction of Spektralauf (81) is changed, or vice versa changes the direction of the hologram (1) at a fixed position of the light source (18) Picel ( 80 ) generating hologram lighting ( 18 ) is a compact small multiple light bulb ( 82 ) which is interchangeably connected to the control electronics ( 84 ) as a module ( 85 ) via a circuit board ( 83 ), the hologram ( 1 ) is a full-area recording is. 12. Holograms according to claims 1-11, characterized in that the hologram film ( 3 , 11 ) in the recording ( 2 ) under different sizes, from one piece or several individual parts, exposed with stencils ( 35 ) or grid ( 36 ), plan ( 3 ) or curved ( 11 ) can be according to the requirements for the reconstruction geometry ( 4 ) for distance vision holograms ( 1 ). Fig. 14. 13. Holograms according to claims 1-11, characterized in that, Fig. 15, the assembly ( 42 ) in the outer region between 2 glass panes, front glass ( 43 ) and back glass ( 44 ) with and without a mirror ( 45 ), without that on Front glass ( 43 ) fastening devices ( 46 ) such as: tab ( 47 ) with frame ( 48 ) and nut ( 49 ), cylinder sleeve ( 50 ), countersunk head nut ( 51 ), can be seen, and are weatherproof. 14. Holograms according to claims 1-13, characterized in that, Fig. 16, for frameless glass walls ( 71 ), mirrored or transparent, which are made from made-up ( 42 ) Holo gram ( 1 ), which all around on the abutting edges ( 72 ) are provided with Velcro fastener tape ( 52 ) so that quick assembly and disassembly is possible.