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DE413330C - Process for separating fumes from gases under reduced pressure - Google Patents

Process for separating fumes from gases under reduced pressure

Info

Publication number
DE413330C
DE413330C DEF49623D DEF0049623D DE413330C DE 413330 C DE413330 C DE 413330C DE F49623 D DEF49623 D DE F49623D DE F0049623 D DEF0049623 D DE F0049623D DE 413330 C DE413330 C DE 413330C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
reduced pressure
vapors
under reduced
separating
fumes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEF49623D
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dr Alfred Engelhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Farbenfabriken Vorm Friedr Bayer and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Farbenfabriken Vorm Friedr Bayer and Co filed Critical Farbenfabriken Vorm Friedr Bayer and Co
Priority to DEF49623D priority Critical patent/DE413330C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE413330C publication Critical patent/DE413330C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/42Basic components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/025Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with wetted adsorbents; Chromatography
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/40Acidic components
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30Active carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/30Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/25Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/204Inorganic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2045Hydrochloric acid

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Dämpfen aus Gasen unter vermindertem Druck.Process for separating vapors from gases under reduced pressure Pressure.

Will man aus Luft, Gasen oder Gasgemischen Dämpfe niederschlagen, so verfährt man in der Weise, daß man die Gase mit schwerflüchtigen Lösungsmitteln oder Lösungen von Stoffen wäscht, welche die Dämpfe absorbieren. Dabei können sich die Dämpfe unverändert in den Lösungsmitteln lösen. so daß die Partialtension des gelösten Dampfes geringer -ist als seine ursprüngliche Tension in Dampfform. Oder die Dämpfe reagieren mit dem Lösungsmittel bzw. einer darin vorhandenen Substanz unter Bildung von Molekularverbindungen oder unter chemischer Umsetzung. If you want to precipitate vapors from air, gases or gas mixtures, the procedure is such that the gases are treated with low-volatility solvents or washes solutions of substances which absorb the vapors. Here you can dissolve the vapors unchanged in the solvents. so that the partial tension of the dissolved steam -is lower than its original tension in steam form. or the vapors react with the solvent or a substance contained in it with the formation of molecular compounds or with chemical conversion.

Während nun diese Arbeitsmethoden unter gewöhnlichem oder erhöhtem Druck meist gute Dienste leisten, versagen sie vielfach, wenn man unter vermindertem Druck arbeiten. will. Namentlich ist das bei denjenigen Waschflüssigkeiten der Fall, deren Wirkung lediglich auf einer Herabsetzung der Partialtension der Dämpfe durch adsorptive Lösung beruht. Aber auch die chemisch wirkenden Lösungsmittel sind mitunter nicht anwendbar, da chemische Reaktionen unter vermindertem Druck langsamer verlaufen oder Molekularverbindungen sich leichter aufspalten, also wieder Dämpfe abgeben. Besondere Schwierigkeiten liegen aber dann vor, wenn es sich mtl die Bindung von Dämpfen handelt, welche chemisch nur träge reagieren. wie man sie z. B. bei manchen \akuumdestiilationen in Form von Säurechloriddämpfen erhält. While now these working methods under ordinary or elevated Pressures usually serve well, they fail many times when one is under diminished Pressure work. want. This is especially the case with those washing liquids their effect only on a reduction of the partial tension of the vapors adsorptive solution is based. But also the chemically acting solvents are sometimes not applicable as chemical reactions take place more slowly under reduced pressure or molecular compounds split more easily, i.e. give off vapors again. However, there are particular difficulties when it comes to the binding of Vapors act, which chemically only react slowly. how to B. with some \ Akuumdestiilationen receives in the form of acid chloride vapors.

Dieselben gelangen dann leicht in die Vakuummaschinen, welche dadurch in Kürze ruiniert werden.The same then easily get into the vacuum machines, which thereby to be ruined shortly.

Es wurde nun gefunden, daß besonders poröse Kohle., z. B. Holzkohle, wie sie nach den Verfahren der Patente 290656 und 307761 erhalten werden kann, unter vermindertem Druck noch erhebliche Mengen Dämpfe zu binden vermag, wenn man sie getränkt mit chemischen Stoffen, bei sauren Dämpfen schwerflüchtigen alkalischen, bei alkalischen Dämpfen schwerflüchtigen sauren Substanzen, anwendet. Dabei wirkt die Kohle nicht nur als Absorptionsmittel, sondern auch als Reaktionsträger, da sie die chemische Bindung von Dämpfen fördert. Man erreicht so einerseits eine weitgehende Schonung der Vakuummascliinen und kann auch anderseits wertvolle Stoffe, welche mit den Abgasen der Vakuummaschine verlorengehen würden, festhalten und gewinnen. It has now been found that particularly porous coal. B. charcoal, as can be obtained by the methods of patents 290656 and 307761, at reduced pressure is still able to bind considerable amounts of vapors if you use them impregnated with chemical substances, in the case of acidic vapors, low-volatility alkaline, in the case of alkaline vapors, low-volatility acidic substances are used. It works the coal not only as an absorbent, but also as a reaction carrier, there it promotes the chemical bonding of vapors. On the one hand one achieves a far-reaching one Protection of the vacuum machines and can also on the other hand valuable substances, which would be lost with the exhaust gases of the vacuum machine, hold on and win.

Ist die Absorptionsfähigkeit der Kohle erschöpft, so schalter man sie aus den Vakuumapparaten aus und regeneriert size durch Ausdämpfen oder Auswaschen, wobei wertvolle Stoffe isoliert werden können. If the absorption capacity of the charcoal is exhausted, you switch they are removed from the vacuum apparatus and size is regenerated by steaming out or washing out, whereby valuable substances can be isolated.

Beispiel. Example.

Um technisches p-Nitrobenzoylchlorid in das reine Produkt überzuführen. wird es bei vermindertem Druck destilliert. Man arbeitet dabei so, daß man in die Vakuumleitung vor der Vakuumpumpe einen mit aktiver, mit A1-kalien (Sodalösung) getränkter Kohle gefüllten Behälter einschaltet, durch welchen die bei der Destillation frei werdenden Chlorwasserstoff- und Chloriddämpfe hindurchSesaugt werden. Dabei werden die Säure und Chloriddämpfe in der Kohleschicht gebunden, so daß sie nicht in die Pumpe gelangen. I kg aktive Kohle vermag dabei etwa 200 g Chloriddämpfe zu binden. Ist die Kohle gesättigt" so wird sie durch Auswaschen und Ausdämpfen von Salzen und Chlorid befreit und kann dann wieder für Absorptionszwecke benutzt werden. To convert technical p-nitrobenzoyl chloride into the pure product. it is distilled at reduced pressure. One works doing so that one with active, with A1-kalien in the vacuum line before the vacuum pump (Soda solution) soaked charcoal-filled container turns on, through which the Sucks in the hydrogen chloride and chloride vapors released during the distillation will. The acid and chloride vapors are bound in the carbon layer, so that they do not get into the pump. I kg of active charcoal is capable of about 200 g of chloride vapors to tie. If the charcoal is saturated, it is washed out and steamed out freed of salts and chloride and can then be used again for absorption purposes will.

Eine in bekannter Weise mit chemisch reagierenden Stoffen versetzte Absorptionskohle bietet gegenüber gewöhnlicher Absorptionskohle keine Vorteile. Demgegenüber wird nach dem vorliegenden Verfahren durch die gleichzeitige Anwesenheit von hochaktiver Kohle und chemisch reagiereaden 5 offen der Xbsorptionseffekt wesentlich besser als bei Gegenwart eines der beiden Körper. Mithin wird gerade durch die Kombination von hochaktiver Kohle und chemisch reagierenden Substanzen für die Reinigung der Vakuumabluft ein bedeutender technischer Fortschritt erzielt. One that has been mixed with chemically reactive substances in a known manner Absorption charcoal offers no advantages over ordinary absorption charcoal. In contrast, according to the present process, the simultaneous presence of highly active charcoal and chemically reactive wires 5 open the absorption effect is essential better than with either body present. Hence, just through the combination of highly active carbon and chemically reactive substances for cleaning the Vacuum exhaust achieved a significant technical advance.

Claims (1)

PATNT-ANSPRUCH: Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Dämpfen aus Gasen oder Gasgemischen unter vermindertem Druck, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man sie auf eine besondere poröse Kohle, z. B. eine nach dem Verfahren der Patente 290656 und 307761 hergestellte Holzkohlse, bei Gegenwart chemisch reagierender Stoffe, wie alkalischer oder saurer Substanzen, einwirken läßt. PATNT CLAIM: Process for separating vapors from gases or Gas mixtures under reduced pressure, characterized in that they are on a special porous charcoal, e.g. B. one by the method of patents 290656 and 307761 produced charcoal, in the presence of chemically reactive substances, such as alkaline or acidic substances.
DEF49623D 1921-07-03 1921-07-03 Process for separating fumes from gases under reduced pressure Expired DE413330C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEF49623D DE413330C (en) 1921-07-03 1921-07-03 Process for separating fumes from gases under reduced pressure

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEF49623D DE413330C (en) 1921-07-03 1921-07-03 Process for separating fumes from gases under reduced pressure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE413330C true DE413330C (en) 1925-05-05

Family

ID=7103163

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DEF49623D Expired DE413330C (en) 1921-07-03 1921-07-03 Process for separating fumes from gases under reduced pressure

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE413330C (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2617305A1 (en) * 1975-04-22 1976-10-28 Calgon Corp IMPRAEGNATED ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FOR IMPROVED REMOVAL OF DEFLECTIVE COMPOUNDS
DE3322652A1 (en) * 1982-06-23 1984-05-24 Toho Beslon Co., Ltd., Tokyo FIBROUS ACTIVE CARBON AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
DE10352359A1 (en) * 2003-11-10 2005-06-16 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Process for the treatment of porous carbonaceous substrates

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2617305A1 (en) * 1975-04-22 1976-10-28 Calgon Corp IMPRAEGNATED ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FOR IMPROVED REMOVAL OF DEFLECTIVE COMPOUNDS
DE3322652A1 (en) * 1982-06-23 1984-05-24 Toho Beslon Co., Ltd., Tokyo FIBROUS ACTIVE CARBON AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
DE10352359A1 (en) * 2003-11-10 2005-06-16 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Process for the treatment of porous carbonaceous substrates

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