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DE3921473C1 - Device for gas generator - comprises gas for inflating cushion for protecting vehicle passengers with two routes to gas outlet - Google Patents

Device for gas generator - comprises gas for inflating cushion for protecting vehicle passengers with two routes to gas outlet

Info

Publication number
DE3921473C1
DE3921473C1 DE19893921473 DE3921473A DE3921473C1 DE 3921473 C1 DE3921473 C1 DE 3921473C1 DE 19893921473 DE19893921473 DE 19893921473 DE 3921473 A DE3921473 A DE 3921473A DE 3921473 C1 DE3921473 C1 DE 3921473C1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
opening
gas
gas generator
cushion
closed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE19893921473
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Karl 8024 Oberhaching De Unterforsthuber
Karl-Heinz 8035 Stockdorf De Sommer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayern Chemie Gesellschaft fuer Flugchemische Antriebe mbH
Original Assignee
Bayern Chemie Gesellschaft fuer Flugchemische Antriebe mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayern Chemie Gesellschaft fuer Flugchemische Antriebe mbH filed Critical Bayern Chemie Gesellschaft fuer Flugchemische Antriebe mbH
Priority to DE19893921473 priority Critical patent/DE3921473C1/en
Priority to US07/526,704 priority patent/US5054811A/en
Priority to JP2163014A priority patent/JPH0365454A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3921473C1 publication Critical patent/DE3921473C1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/264—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic
    • B60R21/2644—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic using only solid reacting substances, e.g. pellets, powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J7/00—Apparatus for generating gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R2021/26094—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow characterised by fluid flow controlling valves

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

Pressurised gas from a generator for inflating cushions for personal protection in vehicle impacts reaches the cushion via a filter chamber divided by a partition with one opening leading towards the cushion and a second opening towards a blow-off aperture. One opening remains open or only partly closed, while the second opening, feeding an axuiliary filter is closed until a specific temp. or pressure threshold is reached. Such closure is effected by a fusible member, or a foil which yields under pressure. ADVANTAGE - Cushion operation is less responsive to external temp., esp. in cold conditions, while avoiding injury to passengers.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung für einen Gasgenerator einer Kraftfahrzeuginsassen-Schutzvorrichtung, der eine an die Treibstoff­ kammer anschließende und mit dieser durch Öffnungen verbundene Filter­ kammer mit Filtern für den austretenden Gasstrom aufweist.The invention relates to a device for a gas generator Motor vehicle occupant protection device, one attached to the fuel chamber connected and connected to this through openings has chamber with filters for the escaping gas flow.

Gasgeneratoren für Aufprallschutzkissen sind in der Kraftfahrzeugtechnik in viel­ fältigen Ausführungen bekannt. Aus der EP 00 69 441 ist ein Gasgenerator bekanntgeworden, bei dem die Gasaustrittsöffnungen der Treibstoffkammer mit zerreißbaren Folien verschlossen sind, die erst bei Erreichen eines Mindestdruckes den Weg des Gasstromes durch die Filter zum Gaskissen freigeben. Hierdurch ist gerade bei niedrigen Umgebungstemperaturen eine erhebliche Verzögerung des Aufblasens des Gaskissens die Folge.Gas generators for impact protection cushions are numerous in automotive engineering well-known versions. From EP 00 69 441 is a gas generator became known in which the gas outlet openings of the fuel chamber are closed with tearable films, which only when a Minimum pressure the path of the gas flow through the filter to the gas cushion release. This is one especially at low ambient temperatures considerable delay in inflating the gas cushion.

Die DE-OS 25 18 460 beschreibt einen Gasgenerator, bei dem die Regelung des Funktionsdruckes im Generator über eine Ventileinrichtung erfolgt.DE-OS 25 18 460 describes a gas generator in which the regulation of the functional pressure in the generator takes place via a valve device.

Auch der Gegenstand der DE 31 47 780 C1 weist ein Ventil auf, durch das über­ schüssiges Gas in die Atmosphäre abgelassen wird.The subject of DE 31 47 780 C1 also has a valve through which shot gas is released into the atmosphere.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Gasgenerator mit Filter­ kammer so auszubilden, daß die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Gaserzeugung einen erheblich reduzierten Einfluß auf das rechtzeitige und funktions­ sichere Aufblasen des Gaskissens ausübt.The invention has for its object a gas generator with a filter chamber so that the temperature dependence of gas generation a significantly reduced impact on timely and functional inflates the gas cushion safely.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 wiedergegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestal­ tungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved by the in the characterizing part of Features reproduced claim 1 solved. Advantageous design cations result from the subclaims.

Die besonderen Vorteile der Erfindung liegen zum einen darin, daß gerade bei niedrigen Umgebungstemperaturen eine höhere Funktionssicherheit erreicht wird. Damit kann auch die Treibstoffmenge reduziert werden, wo­ durch bei den hohen Umgebungstemperaturen ein niedrigerer Spitzendruck erreicht und die Betriebssicherheit aufgrund der geringeren Druckbelastung des Gehäuses und des Gaskissens erhöht wird.The particular advantages of the invention lie in the fact that higher functional reliability at low ambient temperatures is achieved. This can also reduce the amount of fuel where due to a lower peak pressure at high ambient temperatures  achieved and operational reliability due to the lower Pressure load on the housing and the gas cushion is increased.

Gleichzeitig wird aufgrund der geringeren Treibstoffmenge auch das Eigengewicht des Gasgenerators reduziert und die beim Abbrand erzeugte Schadstoffmenge verringert.At the same time, because of the lower amount of fuel, that too The weight of the gas generator is reduced and that generated during the burn-up Reduced amount of pollutants.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described in more detail below.

Die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt schematisch vereinfacht den Schnitt durch einen Gasgenerator für ein Aufprallschutzkissen.The only figure of the drawing shows the simplified schematic Section through a gas generator for an impact protection cushion.

Mit dem Gehäuse 11, das den gaserzeugenden Treibstoff enthält, ist das Gehäuse 1 der Filterkammer 12 über Bohrungen 13, die mit einem Sieb 14 abgedeckt sind, verbunden. Die Filterkammer 12 ist durch eine Trennwand 2, die im Ausführungsbeispiel eine Verzweigung aufweist, in verschiedene Räume A, B, C unterteilt. Die Trennwand weist Öffnungen 3, 4 und 15 auf, die die Räume A, B, C untereinander verbinden.With the housing 11 , which contains the gas-generating fuel, the housing 1 of the filter chamber 12 is connected via bores 13 , which are covered with a sieve 14 . The filter chamber 12 is divided into different rooms A, B, C by a partition 2 , which in the exemplary embodiment has a branch. The partition has openings 3, 4 and 15 which connect the rooms A, B, C with each other.

Bei Umgebungstemperaturen unter einer wählbaren Temperaturschwelle, beispielsweise 20°C, ist von den beiden Öffnungen durch die der Gasstrom den Raum A verlassen kann, nur die erste Öffnung 3 offen. Der Gasstrom 5 nimmt somit den widerstandsärmeren Weg 5, der als gestrichelte Linie dargestellt ist, vom Raum A in den Raum B und dort durch das erste Filterpaket 6 und durch die Ausblasöffnung 7 zum Gaskissen.At ambient temperatures below a selectable temperature threshold, for example 20 ° C., only the first opening 3 of the two openings through which the gas flow can leave the room A is open. The gas stream 5 thus takes the lower-resistance path 5 , which is shown as a broken line, from room A to room B and there through the first filter pack 6 and through the blow-out opening 7 to the gas cushion.

Übersteigt aber die Umgebungstemperatur die gewählte Temperaturschwelle T, so wird entweder die höhere Temperatur oder der bei dieser höheren Temperatur auch höhere Gasdruck des Treibstoffes dazu verwendet, dem Gasstrom 8, der gepunktet dargestellt ist, einen anderen bzw. zusätzlichen Weg durch die Öffnung 4 in den Raum C und dort durch das zusätzliche Filterpaket 9 und die Öffnung 15 in den Raum B zu ermöglichen, von wo er wiederum durch das erste Filterpaket 6 zur Ausblasöffnung 7 gelangt.However, if the ambient temperature exceeds the selected temperature threshold T , either the higher temperature or the gas pressure of the fuel which is higher at this higher temperature is used to give the gas stream 8 , which is shown in dotted lines, a different or additional route through the opening 4 into the To allow room C and there through the additional filter pack 9 and the opening 15 into the room B , from where it in turn reaches the blow-out opening 7 through the first filter pack 6 .

Der Verschluß der Öffnung 4 kann in vielfältiger Form derart realisiert werden, daß die Öffnung bei Überschreiten einer Temperatur- und/oder Druckschwelle geöffnet wird. Dies kann beispielsweise durch die Verwendung eines schmelzbaren Materials wie Metall oder Kunststoff erfolgen, oder durch die Abdeckung der Öffnung mit einer zerreißbaren Folie. Es kann aber auch die Trennwand 2 selbst mit einer Sollbruch­ stelle ausgerüstet sein, die bei Überschreitung eines bestimmten Druckes bricht. Weiterhin ist es möglich, die Öffnung 4 mit Hilfe eines federnd auf der Austrittsseite der Öffnung aufliegenden Abdeckbleches zu verschließen, welches bei Überschreitung einer Temperatur- bzw. Druckschwelle den Weg für den Gasstrom 8 freigibt.The closure of the opening 4 can be realized in a variety of forms such that the opening is opened when a temperature and / or pressure threshold is exceeded. This can be done, for example, by using a meltable material such as metal or plastic, or by covering the opening with a tearable film. But it can also be equipped the partition 2 itself with a predetermined breaking point that breaks when a certain pressure is exceeded. Furthermore, it is possible to close the opening 4 with the aid of a cover plate which resiliently rests on the outlet side of the opening and which opens the way for the gas stream 8 when a temperature or pressure threshold is exceeded.

In jedem Fall wird zumindest ein wesentlicher Teil des Gasstroms 8 bei geöffneter Öffnung 4 durch das zusätzliche Filterpaket 9 geführt und damit stärker abgekühlt als auf dem Weg 5. Dadurch sinkt der an das Gaskissen abgegebene Gasdruck bei hohen Umgebungstemperaturen beträchtlich im Vergleich zu einem Gasgene­ rator ohne einen derartigen Nebenweg für den Gasstrom.In any case, at least a substantial part of the gas flow 8 is passed through the additional filter pack 9 when the opening 4 is open and is therefore cooled more than on the path 5 . As a result, the gas pressure delivered to the gas cushion drops considerably at high ambient temperatures in comparison with a gas generator without such a bypass for the gas flow.

Zusätzlich kann noch vorgesehen sein, die erste Öffnung 3 mit einer beweglichen Abdeckung 10 zu versehen, die oberhalb der Öffnungstempera­ tur für die zweite Öffnung 4 die erste Öffnung 3 zumindest teilweise verschließt, so daß im wesentlichen der gesamte Gasstrom zwangsläufig auf dem Nebenweg 8 geführt wird.In addition, it can also be provided to provide the first opening 3 with a movable cover 10 , which at least partially closes the first opening 3 above the opening temperature for the second opening 4 , so that essentially the entire gas flow is inevitably guided on the secondary path 8 .

Claims (5)

1. Vorrichtung für einen Gasgenerator einer Kraftfahrzeuginsas­ sen-Schutzvorrichtung, der eine an die Treibstoffkammer anschließende und mit dieser durch Öffnungen verbundene Filterkammer mit Filtern für den austretenden Gasstrom aufweist, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Merkmale:
  • a) in der Filterkammer (1) ist eine Trennwand (2) in Strömungsrichtung vor den Filterelementen (6 und 9) vorgesehen, die wenigstens eine erste Öffnung (3) und wenigstens eine zweite Öffnung (4) aufweist, wobei die erste Öffnung (3) den Gasstrom (5) in bekannter Art zu einem ersten Filterelement (6) und durch dieses zur Ausblasöffnung (7) führt.
  • b) die zweite Öffnung (4) wird bei Überschreiten einer Temperatur- und/oder Druckschwelle geöffnet, wodurch zumindest ein Teil des Gasstroms (8) durch ein zusätzliches Filterelement (9) geführt wird.
  • c) die erste Öffnung (3) bleibt oberhalb der vorgegebenen Temperatur- und/oder Druckschwelle unverändert oder wird mit Hilfe eines Sperr­ mittels (10) zumindest teilweise verschlossen.
1. Device for a gas generator of a motor vehicle occupant protection device which has a filter chamber connected to the fuel chamber and connected to it by openings with filters for the escaping gas flow, characterized by the following features:
  • a) in the filter chamber ( 1 ) there is a partition ( 2 ) in the flow direction in front of the filter elements ( 6 and 9 ), which has at least one first opening ( 3 ) and at least one second opening ( 4 ), the first opening ( 3 ) leads the gas flow ( 5 ) in a known manner to a first filter element ( 6 ) and through this to the blow-out opening ( 7 ).
  • b) the second opening ( 4 ) is opened when a temperature and / or pressure threshold is exceeded, whereby at least part of the gas flow ( 8 ) is passed through an additional filter element ( 9 ).
  • c) the first opening ( 3 ) remains unchanged above the predetermined temperature and / or pressure threshold or is at least partially closed by means of a locking means ( 10 ).
2. Vorrichtung für einen Gasgenerator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Öffnung (4) mittels eines oberhalb der Temperatur T schmelzenden Materials verschlossen ist.2. Device for a gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the second opening ( 4 ) is closed by means of a material melting above the temperature T. 3. Vorrichtung für einen Gasgenerator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Öffnung (4) in an sich bekannter Weise mit einer zerreißbaren Folie verschlossen ist.3. Device for a gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the second opening ( 4 ) is closed in a manner known per se with a tearable film. 4. Vorrichtung für einen Gasgenerator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennwand (2) an der Stelle der zweiten Öffnung (4) eine Sollbruchstelle aufweist. 4. Device for a gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the partition ( 2 ) at the location of the second opening ( 4 ) has a predetermined breaking point. 5. Vorrichtung für einen Gasgenerator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Öffnung (4) austrittsseitig mittels einer federnden Abdeckung (16) verschlossen ist.5. A device for a gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the second opening ( 4 ) is closed on the outlet side by means of a resilient cover ( 16 ).
DE19893921473 1989-06-30 1989-06-30 Device for gas generator - comprises gas for inflating cushion for protecting vehicle passengers with two routes to gas outlet Expired - Fee Related DE3921473C1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19893921473 DE3921473C1 (en) 1989-06-30 1989-06-30 Device for gas generator - comprises gas for inflating cushion for protecting vehicle passengers with two routes to gas outlet
US07/526,704 US5054811A (en) 1989-06-30 1990-05-22 Arrangement for an airbag gas generator
JP2163014A JPH0365454A (en) 1989-06-30 1990-06-22 Device for gas generator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19893921473 DE3921473C1 (en) 1989-06-30 1989-06-30 Device for gas generator - comprises gas for inflating cushion for protecting vehicle passengers with two routes to gas outlet

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3921473C1 true DE3921473C1 (en) 1990-11-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19893921473 Expired - Fee Related DE3921473C1 (en) 1989-06-30 1989-06-30 Device for gas generator - comprises gas for inflating cushion for protecting vehicle passengers with two routes to gas outlet

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0365454A (en)
DE (1) DE3921473C1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4108857C1 (en) * 1991-03-19 1992-05-14 Bayern-Chemie Gesellschaft Fuer Flugchemische Antriebe Mbh, 8261 Aschau, De Cylindrical gas generator for inflating gas sack of impact protection unit - has combustion chamber with housing, propellant, ignition device and filter unit
DE19541798A1 (en) * 1995-11-09 1997-05-15 Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh Gas generator with regulation of the propellant gas flow path and method for its operation
EP1571049A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2005-09-07 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gas generator for air bag
US7172214B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2007-02-06 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gas generator for air bag
EP1800973A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-27 Key Safety Systems, Inc. Inflator having a variable gas flow throttle
DE102007048736A1 (en) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-16 Takata-Petri Ag Gas generator and method for influencing a gas flow in a gas generator
US7762585B2 (en) * 2005-06-30 2010-07-27 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. Gas generator

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4864681B2 (en) * 2006-12-18 2012-02-01 株式会社ダイセル Gas generator and personnel restraint device using the same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2518460A1 (en) * 1974-04-29 1975-10-30 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale PYROTECHNICAL GAS GENERATOR WITH MOVABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER
EP0069441A2 (en) * 1981-04-24 1983-01-12 Morton Thiokol, Inc. Apparatus for speeding the response of an air bag inflator at low temperatures
DE3147780C2 (en) * 1981-02-26 1987-11-26 Trw Automotive Products, Inc., Euclid, Ohio, Us

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2518460A1 (en) * 1974-04-29 1975-10-30 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale PYROTECHNICAL GAS GENERATOR WITH MOVABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER
DE3147780C2 (en) * 1981-02-26 1987-11-26 Trw Automotive Products, Inc., Euclid, Ohio, Us
EP0069441A2 (en) * 1981-04-24 1983-01-12 Morton Thiokol, Inc. Apparatus for speeding the response of an air bag inflator at low temperatures

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4108857C1 (en) * 1991-03-19 1992-05-14 Bayern-Chemie Gesellschaft Fuer Flugchemische Antriebe Mbh, 8261 Aschau, De Cylindrical gas generator for inflating gas sack of impact protection unit - has combustion chamber with housing, propellant, ignition device and filter unit
DE19541798A1 (en) * 1995-11-09 1997-05-15 Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh Gas generator with regulation of the propellant gas flow path and method for its operation
EP1571049A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2005-09-07 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gas generator for air bag
EP1571049A4 (en) * 2002-12-09 2006-03-08 Daicel Chem GAS GENERATOR FOR AIRBAG
US7172214B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2007-02-06 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gas generator for air bag
US7762585B2 (en) * 2005-06-30 2010-07-27 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. Gas generator
EP1800973A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-27 Key Safety Systems, Inc. Inflator having a variable gas flow throttle
US7347449B2 (en) 2005-12-20 2008-03-25 Key Safety Systems, Inc Inflator having a variable gas flow throttle
DE102007048736A1 (en) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-16 Takata-Petri Ag Gas generator and method for influencing a gas flow in a gas generator
WO2009047186A1 (en) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-16 Takata-Petri Ag Gas generator and method for influencing a flow of gas in a gas generator
US8028627B2 (en) 2007-10-05 2011-10-04 Takata-Petri Ag Gas generator and method for influencing a gas flow in a gas generator
CN101883700B (en) * 2007-10-05 2012-07-04 高田-彼得里公开股份有限公司 Gas generator and method for influencing a gas flow in a gas generator

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