DE3834643A1 - Drive unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive unit for vertical doors (shutters). In this arrangement, use is made, as motor, of a direct-current motor which, in terms of speeds and torque, can be controlled within wide ranges. In addition, said motor, which is already equipped with a worm wheel/worm gearing, is further stepped down by a planetary gearing and is controlled by a corresponding electronic unit such that, even before reaching the end positions, speed and torque are vastly reduced. The position of the door at any one time is, in this arrangement, not monitored via end switches directly on the door, said switches being easily damageable, but the number of revolutions of the drive shaft is recorded and stored within the enclosed drive unit, via corresponding sensors.

Description

The present invention does not relate to the drive side of FIG manually operated, vertically closing gates - one On the one hand, tilting gates, such as large numbers of garage doors are known, and on the other hand from roller shutters, such as elegant use as hall gates in industry - as well Awnings and conveyors.

Depending on the type of gate to be moved, either Drive roller on which the roller door is wound, or but to turn a pinion by means of the one Chain is driven, which the tilt gate along its Leadership pulls up.

Although increasingly in the private sector and thus ent talking light gates opened and closed by motor is the main area of application for such gate drives still the industrial area with a correspondingly large size flat and therefore heavy gates, which also mostly are moved much more often than privately used gates have to. Especially with such relatively heavy goals So far mainly three-phase drives have been used.

These engines were mostly on the one hand from so-called End switched off, which is directly on or next to the Guides of the gates to be moved were arranged and switch off the engine when reaching the settings. On the other hand, these drive units were mostly with one so-called "dead man" circuit equipped, which at Abut the gate against an obstacle before reaching the end positions a shutdown or even a short rewind of the fool. The presence of an obstacle is removed the increase in the current draw of the drive motor closed to the network, which is always the case when a relatively strong pressure opposed to the moving gate becomes.

These DC drives were mostly by means of a screw gearbox with regard to the speed to the respective application customized.  

Such three-phase motors were, however, in size relatively large and are also very difficult to find in regulate their speed.

In addition, the insertion of limit switches directly on the Guiding the object to be moved naturally the Disadvantage that these limit switches are insufficient there can be installed protected, which is particularly true in ge advertising area to frequent damage to the end switch and consequently damage to the on drive unit by overheating the engine and the like leads. Frequent repair work and downtime of the gate or switching to manual operation were the result such damage to the limit switches.

It is therefore the object of the invention to be a drive to create the disadvantages of the prior art Technology avoids, especially with difficulty External damage is to damage and one if possible takes up little space.

This problem is solved in that first of all used a DC motor instead of a three-phase motor which is relatively small in size.

Because such DC motors are already flanged and fully encapsulated, strongly reduced worm gear are on the market as a finished large-volume purchased part, offers the advantage that this unit from direct current motor and first worm gear only by one second, only weakly reducing gear stage on the specific application must be adapted, one such, only weakly reducing second gear stage in In-house production for small quantities is much cheaper is to be produced as a special, also in small pieces pay to manufacture worm gear, which immediately to an output designed for the special purpose speed reduced.  

Another advantage of the DC motor is that Adjustable speed, at least within ge knowing the limits is relatively easy to implement. To for this purpose the current in the supply to Engine reduces, which has the side effect of that at the same time reduces the torque of the engine to an even greater extent than Ge dizziness. So both the driving force and the Infinitely variable speed of the drive.

This is just for driving vertically movable gates advantageous because here straight before reaching the open or closed End position of the gate is already a reduced force effort is sufficient. For example, there is a tilt gate before the open end position is reached in an approximately horizontal position so that the gate essentially only moved horizontally must, however, no vertical lifting of the whole Gate weight is necessary. A roller shutter is also short before reaching the closed end position little effort to handle further, because the on winding roll is almost empty.

The second gear stage in an inventive Drive unit uses a planetary gear. This has the advantage that only spur gears are used for this can be used, reducing manufacturing costs relatively small compared to other types of gearing stay. In addition, a planetary gear offers the advantage that the storage in the housing is very easy to do is because such a planetary gear as a finished unit the drive shaft of the first gear stage are placed can. Fits perfectly in the housing or even in the lid Bearing positions are not necessary.

Furthermore, the drive unit according to the invention not with limit switches located outside the drive unit worked to monitor the object to be moved, it is a rule directly in the drive unit  electronics attached, by means of which the registration of the the revolutions made by the drive unit Position of the object to be moved at any time pose is. This is according to the invention around a segment disc, which is connected to the motor or one of the gear stages is coupled, the number and Direction of passage of the segments by scanning a light barrier can be registered.

This way, the last will be reached Movement phase of the gate in which Ge speed and torque should be reduced, monitored within the drive unit, so that on the fault and damage-friendly limit switches directly can be dispensed with at the gate. Because the drive unit are usually attached to the upper edge of the gate on the one hand, they do so much less in this situation Damage threatened as in the area of the through drive and on the other hand this control electronics is additional through integration within the drive housing unit both from damage and from others negative environmental influences such as corrosion etc. are protected.

An embodiment according to the invention is described in following with reference to the drawings he example purifies. It shows

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a complete drive unit to open, housing cover,

Fig. 2 is a side view of the drive unit with closed housing cover and

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a drive unit according to FIG. 2 along the line AA, as shown in Fig. 1,

Fig. 4 is a sectional representation of the scanning of the segment disc along BB in FIG. 1.

While Fig. 2 shows only a side view of the drive unit completely enclosed between the housing 17 and cover 18 with the adjusting screw 19 and the protruding emergency crank handle 16 , a top view of the drive unit with the cover 18 removed is shown in FIG. 1.

Here, the motor 1 with the gears 2 and 5 flanged on its output side and the control electronics 9 arranged at the other end can be seen. Next to the motor 1 there is the transformer 14 necessary for its power supply. Since the gear 2 and the planetary gear 5 lie one below the other in the viewing direction of FIG. 1, as can best be seen in FIG. 3, only the planetary gear is shown in FIG. 1.

Here, the output shaft of the transmission 2 functions as an inner wheel 6 and thus the drive shaft of the planetary gear 5 . Here, the outer ring gear 8 is driven via the inner gear 6 and the planet gears 7 , which in addition to the toothing on its inside also has a spur toothing on its outside, by means of which it meshes with the intermediate gear 15 , the inner square of which represents the output side of the entire drive unit.

This intermediate gear 15 is also necessary because, in addition to its spur toothing, it has a worm gear toothing 21 with which a worm toothing 22 can be engaged, which is located on the end of the emergency crank handle 16 . This is in normal operation out of engagement with the intermediate wheel 15 and is with one of its stops 23 at a corresponding stop of the housing 17 , but can be pushed at any time up to the system of a further stop 23 on a housing projection against the intermediate wheel 15 and are brought into engagement with its worm gear toothing 21 , as shown in FIG. 1. Then, without the aid of the electric motor, the output 13 of the drive unit and thus the object to be moved can be moved by rotating the emergency crank handle 16 . To adjust the meshing between the external toothing of the ring gear 8 and the intermediate wheel 15 , the adjusting screw 19 is provided with its lock nut 20 , which is axially displaceable in a threaded bore of the housing 17 and thus the two gears 2 and 5 relative to the housing 17 and thus also can easily move relative to the intermediate wheel 15 .

Depending on the stress, the housing 17 and the cover 18 can be made of both plastic and metal and have only one seal 24 between their contact surfaces, as can be seen in FIG. 3.

Fig. 3 also shows the axial assignment of gear 2 and planetary gear 5 : The gear 2 is located below the planetary gear 5 and is fixedly flanged to the motor 1 , which cannot be seen in FIG. 3, so that motor 1 with its Output shaft is integrally connected to the worm 4 , which drives the worm wheel 3 and together with this forms the gear 2 . The output shaft of the transmission 2 is also the input shaft of the planetary gear 5 and therefore integrally formed with the inner wheel 6 . Of course, the inner wheel 6 of the planetary gear 5 can also be simply plugged onto the output shaft of the gear 2 by means of a multi-tooth profile or the like. With the inner gear 6 mesh the planet gears 7 , which rotate around the inner gear 6 and thereby drive the ring gear 8 by means of their axes 27 . This ring gear 8 additionally has an external toothing which it meshes with the intermediate gear 15 , the inner square output 13 of which forms the drive unit.

Also shown in Fig. 3 can be seen how the adjusting screw 19 with its lock nut 20 strikes the tub 26 , with which the motor 1 and the two gears are firmly connected, and thereby the meshing of the teeth of the ring gear 8 and the intermediate gear 15th influenced.

Furthermore, the additional worm gear toothing 21 of the idler gear 15 can be seen in FIG. 3, which in this case is arranged coaxially to the spur gear teeth of the idler gear 15 and is also shown in FIG. 3 in engagement with the worm gear teeth 22 of the emergency hand lever 16 , which However, in practice this is only the case for manual operation, since otherwise worm gear teeth 21 and worm gear teeth 22 are disengaged, since otherwise the emergency hand lever 16 , which also protrudes from the housing of the drive unit, also rotates when the idler gear 15 is driven by a motor would, which is undesirable for security reasons. Last but not least, Fig. 3 also shows one of the advantages of the design according to the invention very clearly, namely that no bearing points in the housing 17 or cover 18 have to be manufactured to fit either the gear 2 or the planetary gear 3 . Only the intermediate wheel 15 is mounted directly in the housing 17 or cover 18 via bearing 25 . However, this simplifies and reduces the cost of producing the housing 17 or cover 18 insofar as it is much easier to make a single hole in the housing 17 or cover 18 in a precisely defined position with respect to the holes 28 for the dowel pins than a whole number of others Holes for the storage of gear components, which in turn must be exactly assigned to the holes and holes 28 for the dowel pins in the housing.

The mechanical components of the control electronics 9 are also shown in FIG. 4: The light barrier 29 emits beams which are either reflected by the edge of the long segments 12 or which run past the short segments 12 on the outside. Every change from reflection to non-reflection and vice versa is registered and counted as passing through a segment and thus a certain part of an engine revolution. Furthermore, since the reversal of the direction of rotation of the motor is registered in each case by downstream electronics (not shown), this electronics is always able to indicate the respective position of the gate or other element to be moved on the basis of the segments already traveled in a certain direction. Instead of the usual limit switches, certain functions can be performed when reaching certain positions in front of the open or closed end position of the door, such as reducing the motor speed while simultaneously reducing the torque of the motor.

Due to the aforementioned properties of the drive unit, this has not only proven to be suitable for moving heavy, vertically running gates, but also for extending and retracting large and thus heavy awnings and as a drive unit for certain means of conveyance, in particular certain conveyor belts. For example, according to the arrangement according to the invention, a DC motor with a tightening torque of at least 50 Nm can be accommodated in a housing with external dimensions 260 × 280 × 100 mm, which is reduced from 3000 to 40 revolutions by means of gear 2 , and subsequently again by the planetary gear Ratio 6: 1 to 3: 1, depending on the application. In the final phases of the door movement, the normal speed of the motor, which is otherwise adjustable in the plus / minus 15% range, can be reduced by half, which means that the torque drops to 80% of the normal value at the same time.

Claims (3)

1. Vertical gate operator, characterized by the combination of the following features

• a motor ( 1 ) for DC operation as a power source,
• - A gear ( 2 ) connected downstream of the motor ( 1 ) and consisting of worm wheel ( 3 ) and worm ( 4 ),
• - A planetary gear ( 5 ) arranged between the gear ( 2 ) and the output ( 13 ) of the drive unit for adapting the drive unit to the specific application,
• - A control electronics ( 9 ) coupled to the motor ( 1 ), which registers the respective position of the gate and reduces the speed and torque of the drive unit before reaching the settings by changing the current in the supply to the motor ( 1 )
• - A housing ( 17 ) with a lid ( 18 ) in which all the above-mentioned units are housed.

2. Drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the control electronics ( 9 ) has a segment disc ( 10 ), which is in particular coupled to the motor ( 1 ) and is scanned by a light barrier ( 29 ) with registration of the number of passes Segments ( 12 ) and the direction in which the segment disc runs. 3. Drive unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the segments ( 12 ) have a size of 15 ° to 20 °.