DE3733463C1 - Process and apparatus for exchanging pipes - Google Patents

Abstract

A description is given of a process for exchanging pipes, buried in the ground (1), along the course of a pipeline, in the case of which process, in the region between a draw-in trench (2) and a target trench (3), an old pipe (4) is removed and a new pipe (5) is drawn in in its place. For this purpose, in the draw-in trench and in the target trench, the old pipes are separated off from the pipeline and removed. A drawing apparatus is then installed in the target trench and, in the draw-in trench, the new pipe is subsequently laid out against the old pipe, with the interposition of an adaptor (6). A drawbar (10) connected to the drawing apparatus is pushed, from the target trench, through the pipeline as far as that end of the new pipe which is at the rear in the drawing direction, and it is connected to said end in a positively locking manner in the drawing direction. Thereafter, the drawbar, with the new pipe and the old pipe, is drawn progressively towards the target trench, and the portions of the old pipe which are drawn into said target trench in each case are broken off from the old pipe and removed. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method according to the Ober Concept of claim 1 and a device its implementation.

From DE-OS 35 26 193 is known, renewal Needed buried pipelines without excavation in a practical way by an outer diameter replace new pipes of the same size or larger, that the old pipeline was pulled through a Mole device smashed from the inside and is broken up and down to the outer diameter the new one attached to the mole device Pipeline is expanded. The mole device is pulled here by a winch, which, since it must have considerable tensile forces, a corresponding Anchoring is required. This requirement can often only with considerable expenditure of time and considerable costs  be created. In addition, the Zer hit the pipes in the ground strong shock of the same, the due to the circumstances of the immediate Environment can often not be accepted. So can replace pipes below of trees this way causing damage of the fine hair roots. At traffic lights, Telecommunications installed on street areas facilities or the like can be the functional ability through such shocks be impaired. This is also the procedure associated with a strong noise, which is particularly annoying in residential areas.

In DE-OS 36 03 238 a method for Described renewal of sewage pipes, which uses a vibrating hammer head a winch through an existing sewer pipe is pulled through it, the tube zer breaks, the resulting pipe fragments in presses the surrounding soil and immediately pulls in a new pipe behind it. To ver avoid that the resulting pipe fragments Damage pipe during pulling in and around protect the pipe after it is attached, together with the hammer head around the pipe metal tapes arranged distributed. The same disadvantages as here arise in the Ver known from DE-OS 35 26 193 drive and there is additional risk pointed out by the fragments of the zer pipe can occur.  

To counter this, the elaborate process is used the metal reinforcement of the newly drawn pipe practiced.

From DD-PS 1 18 926 is a method for the end change underground pipelines known, in which the old, at several work pits exposed steel piping section wisely pulled from the ground and / or pressed and are preserved in the ground the new pipeline in the tubular openings is drawn in and / or inserted. The new Pipeline is working in one or more dug assembled in such a way that one pipe at a time length with the existing section is tied, after which the section is again one Pipe length further into the tubular opening is pushed and / or pulled. The procedure will basically carried out in such a way that the old line in sections in its entire Length is removed from the ground, and then by one side of the construction site from the new pipeline into the preserved tubular earth cavities pushed or introduced. However, this is only possible in very solid soils and here again removing the old pipe very difficult is so that vibrators have to be used there is also a risk that the earth cavities at least partially come up before the new one Pipeline is introduced. It also becomes possible indicated, pulling out and / or pressing the old pipeline with the pulling in of the new one Connect piping in one operation.  

More detailed information on this special procedure training are in the mentioned publication but not included.

Based on the DD-PS 1 18 926 it is therefore the Object of the present invention, a method according to the features of the preamble of claim 1 to indicate that largely vibration-free and with little noise in every floor without the danger of invasion works and at the with low costs and time very much large tensile forces are exerted on the pipes can.

This object is achieved by the im characterizing part of claim 1 specified Features solved. Advantageous further training of the method according to the invention and before pulled devices to carry it out give themselves from the subclaims.

The fact that the puller on in the pulling direction attacks the rear end of the new pipe and that old and the new pipe on the adjacent End over one that occurs between them Force-transmitting adapter with a positive fit connected, you get a ge closed transition between the old and the new Pipe, so that even in sandy soil there is every danger an idea is avoided.  

The procedure is expedient in such a way designed that in the pull-in pit and in the Target pit the old pipes from the pipe line is removed and removed, that in the target pit the puller installed and in the pull-in pit new pipe under  Subsequent insertion of an adapter the old pipe is laid out that one with the puller connected to the pull rod the target pit from the pipeline to the rear end of the pushed through new pipe and with this End positively connected in the direction of pull is that the tie rod with the new and old Tube is pulled to the target pit in strokes, and that each ge in the target pit pulled sections of the old pipe from this canceled and removed.

A suitable device for carrying out the The method is that the puller one on the pipe to be pulled out supporting wall of the target excavation Glasses plate and one anchored to it Press has on its reciprocable Part of the train led through the glasses plate rod is attached. This makes the from the press on the glasses plate Powers over the pipes and the soil again back on the glasses plate, so that despite him considerable tensile forces special anchorages or soil supports are not required are. This increases the risk of breakage diminished.

The invention is described below with reference to in the embodiments shown in the figures explained in more detail. It shows  

FIG. 1a is a vertical section of a draw-in pit and a target pit with one out immigrating and a einzu withdrawing tube, and a pulling device,

FIG. 1b to 1d, the arrangement according to Fig. 1a in a top view in different phases of Rohrauswechselung,

Fig. 1e shows an arrangement corresponding Fig. 1a pit in plan view with two intermediate pits between the draw-in pit and the Zielbau,

Fig. 2 is a drawing device in Perspecti vischer view,

Fig. 3 shows an adapter between two pipes of different diameters and an anchor plate at the other end of the pipe to be drawn in, and

Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the connection of the tubes to each other and with the tie rod a) in side view and b) and c) in two sectional views of various drawing phases and the adapter d) in perspective view and e) in front view.

The arrangement according to FIG. 1 shows a pipeline, the old pipes of which are to be replaced by new pipes. Below a tree, this replacement should take place in a closed construction, ie not in an open construction pit, but through the earth 1 between a pull-in construction pit 2 and a target construction pit 3 . These excavation pits inevitably arise when a pipeline is to be replaced at the points where outlets (house connections), tapping points (hydrants) and shut-off devices have to be reconnected or removed. Pits between neighboring construction pits can generally be assumed to have a straight course of the existing pipeline.

The old pipes 4 are first separated and removed from the pipeline in the entire area of the pull-in pit 2 and the target building pit 3 . A new pipe 5 is laid out in the pull-in pit 2 and attached to the end of the old pipe 4 leading to the target pit 3 via an adapter 6 . A pulling device with a hydraulic press 7 and a spectacle plate 8 is installed in the target construction pit 3 . The glasses plate 8 is placed on the wall of the target pit 3 , in which the coming from the pull-in pit 6 old pipe 4 opens. This is through an opening 9 ( Fig. 2) in the glasses plate 8 accessible. A short, composed of couplings single rods pull rod 10 is from the target construction pit 3 from the opening 9 into the tubes 4 and 5 and connected to the free end of the tube 5 by means of an anchor plate 11 form-locking, such that the target pit 3 directed tensile forces from the pull rod 10 on the tube 5 and this and the adapter 6 on the tube 4 will carry over, so that these, if the tensile forces exceed the frictional forces between the pipes and the ground, to the target pit 3 to be pulled. The other end of the train rod 10 is connected to the movable part of the press 7 .

The pulling device is shown in more detail in FIG. 2. The press 7 has two hydraulic cylinders 12 , the pistons of which are attached to the glasses plate 8 via rods 13 , so that when the press 7 is actuated, the hydraulic cylinders 12 in the target pit 3 perform a reciprocating movement. The ends of the hydraulic cylinders 12 facing away from the spectacle plate 8 are connected to one another by a crossmember 14 , to which the tie rod 10 is fastened in the middle.

On the pull rod 10 , a cone 15 tapering in the direction of the spectacle plate 8 is fixedly arranged, which carries on its circumference in the longitudinal direction splitting knife 16 . A hydraulically or pneumatically actuated clamping device 17 is fastened to the spectacle plate 8 , by means of which the end of the tube 4 drawn into the target construction pit 3 can be clamped. The rods 13 and the clamping device 17 actually sit on the spectacle plate 8 ; the exploded view according to FIG. 2 was chosen only for reasons of clarity.

If the hydraulic cylinders 12 are in their most approximate position of the eyeglass plate 8 and the anchor plate 11 is positively placed on the free end of the new tube 5 , then the hydraulic cylinders 12 are moved away from the eyeglass plate 8 when the press 7 is actuated, and The tubes 4 and 5 follow this movement via the pull rod 10 . Part of the pipe 4 is thereby pulled into the target pit 3 . When the hydraulic cylinders 12 have reached their greatest distance from the eye wall 8, the chuck 17 is operated so that it clamps the pipe wall 4 just before the glasses 8 fixed. The hydraulic cylinders 12 are then retracted in the direction of the spectacle wall 8 , the cone 15 moving into the end of the tube 4, which is preferably made of cast iron, and its splitting knife splitting it in the longitudinal direction. The resulting fragments can be easily removed. After completion of this movement Be the tube 4 is released from the Einspannvor direction 17 again and the anchor plate 11 moved away from the end of the tube 5 must be brought back to this. Then a new drawing stroke can take place.

The Fig. 1b to 1d illustrate three different phases of the Rohrauswechselung. Fig. 1b shows the starting position corresponding to Fig. 1a. Fig. 1c shows the state after the first pull stroke of the press 7 again. Finally, FIG. 1d shows the final state in which the pipe 5 has been completely drawn into the soil 1 and extends from the target pit 3 to the pull-in pit 2 . The old pipe 4 pulled out was completely split and removed in the target pit 3 .

If the length of the pipe 5 to be drawn in is shorter than the distance between the pits 2 and 3 , then a plurality of pipes 5 are placed one behind the other and the transitions are sealed in the customary manner, this measure being able to be carried out before the start of the drawing in or between individual drawing strokes.

Fig. 1e shows an arrangement with a larger distance between the draw-in pit 2 and the target pit. 3 There are considerable train forces required to pull the pipes 4 and 5 from the pull-in pit 2 to the target pit 3 . However, the permissible tensile force is not arbitrarily large, but is in particular dependent on the stability of the soil behind the spectacle wall 8 and on the maximum compressive force that can be transmitted via the pipes. Therefore, the distance between the pull-in pit 2 and the target pit 3 cannot be chosen to be as large as desired. However, this distance can be extended if there are intermediate outlets, tapping points or shut-off devices in the pipeline that make the intermediate pits 18 necessary. In these intermediate pits 18 , the old pipes 4 are first cut out, so that corresponding gaps are created in the pipeline train. In which the draw-in pit 2 closest intermediate trench 18, the end walls are stiffened by glasses walls, a separating apparatus for the tube 4 corresponding to the cone 15 with slitting blades 16 and the chuck 17 installed. Now the drawing process begins, whereby from the old pipe 4 only the part between the pull-in pit 2 and the adjacent intermediate pit 18 is pulled along. The part of the pipe 4 drawn into this intermediate pit 18 is split and removed when the press 7 moves back. This process is repeated until the new pipe 5 reaches this intermediate pit 18 . It is then stiffened the next intermediate excavation 18 and with the Spaltvor equipped direction and it is now the lying between the two intermediate pits 18 strokewise part pulled out of the old pipe and the new pipe is destroyed and drawn 5 accordingly. Through this section-wise procedure, only a part of the old pipe 4 between the pull-in pit 2 and the target pit 3 is always pulled forward, so that the required tensile forces remain limited to permissible values. The new pipes 5 must at the end of the Ziehvor gear over the entire length of the distance between the pull-in pit 2 and the target pit 3 are pulled, but can be reduced in this friction with the ground by adapted lubricants.

In the illustration according to FIG. 1e the new pipe 5 has already passing through the first intermediate pit 18 so that the withdrawal of the pipe 4 occurs between the two intermediate pits, whereby it is cleaved in the second intermediate pit 18. There are already two new pipes 5 placed one behind the other and a third pipe 5 must be added to bridge the distance between the pull-in pit 2 and the target pit 3 .

FIG. 3 shows an adapter 6 between the old pipe 4 and the new pipe 5 pointing to a larger diameter. The adapter 6 has a central opening 19 for the passage of the pull rod 10 . Furthermore, it has projections 20 and 21 on opposite sides in the axial direction, which are inserted into the opposite ends of the tubes 4 and 5 . These ends rest on annular shoulders 22 and 23 so that the forces to be transmitted are distributed as evenly as possible. To compensate for the difference in diameter, the outer surface of the adapter 6 is frustoconical or approximately frustoconical in order to keep the resistance of the ground as low as possible. Preferably, as shown in Fig. 3, this surface is designed in a stepped manner with small axial and radial sections so that no appreciable forces occur transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tubes due to hard objects such as stones or the like.

The anchor plate 11 also has an extension 24 which is inserted into the sleeve at the end of the tube 5 . Furthermore, the anchor plate 11 has an annular shoulder 25 as a contact surface for the pipe end, in order to likewise achieve the most uniform possible force distribution here. The anchor plate 11 is held by a nut 26 seated on the pull rod 10 designed as a threaded spindle.

Any voids in the ground that are visible the enlarged diameter in the socket area or other overlaps can result from Injection filled with or by bentonite a sleeve-flush casing of the pipe a suitable material can be avoided.

Fig. 4 shows a specially designed adapter between the old pipe and the new pipe 5 4. This contains in its truncated cone section axially extending webs 27 and between these wedge-shaped slots 28 through which loosened soil can fall into the pipeline from the outside. The frustoconical section is adjoined on both sides by two annular projections 29 and 30 . In the perspective view according to FIG. 4d and in the front view according to FIG. 4e, the adapter is shown without these approaches for the sake of clarity.

The approach 30 in the new tube 5 contains an annular channel 31 which is connected to a compressed air line 32 . Nozzles 33 emanate from the ring channel 31 and open between the webs 27 . The air jets emerging from the nozzles 33 are directed against the soil and loosen it so that it can fall through the slots 28 into the pipeline. The nozzles 33 are preferably designed as ball nozzles, which can be set to the most favorable blowing angle for the respective soil. In this way, a displacement of the soil by the larger diameter of the tube 5 can be largely avoided, thereby reducing the tensile forces required and bulges on the surface of the earth can be prevented with a slight overlap. It goes without saying that instead of the compressed air, another flowable medium such as water can be used.

Another specific, the reduction of the required tensile forces serving measure is apparent from the Fig. 4. This consists in that during a drawing stroke the old and the new pipe are not pulled through the soil at the same time, but successively, so that the corresponding forces do not have to be applied together, but one after the other.

For this purpose, the pull rod 10 carries an anchor plate 34 , which is brought into engagement with the rear end of the tube 4 in the pulling direction, in such a way that tensile forces are transmitted from the pull rod 10 to the tube 4 and move it to the target excavation 3 . On the opposite end of the tube 5 , a cap 35 is set, which is firmly connected to the cylinder 36 of a hydraulic or pneumatic press. The piston 37 of this press is adjustably attached to the pull rod 10 .

During the pulling out of the tube 4 by means of the pull rod 10 , the piston 37 is relieved, so that it can move freely in the cylinder 36 to the right in FIG. 4c. The tube 5 is thus not moved during this movement of the tube 4 , so that the distance between the neck 29 and the anchor plate 34 increases until it has reached the position shown in FIG. 4b. In this case, the space between tab 29 and anchor plate 34 is attached by a stud 29 on the covered via the pipe 4 and the armature plate 34 sliding sleeve 38th Then the press consisting of cylinder 36 and piston 37 is actuated in such a way that the cylinder 36 moves over the piston 37 connected to the pull rod 10 to the right into the position shown in FIG. 4c. Here, the tube 5 is taken along, while the tube 4 is fixed with the anchor plate 34 . However, the use of the additional press at the end of the tube 5 only needs to take place if the maximum permissible tensile force is not sufficient for the joint displacement of the tubes 4 and 5 .

The cap 35 has two openings, of which the upper serve as a passage for the compressed air line 32 and the lower for discharging the ge in the pipeline long soil with the help of the exhaust air.

A further advantageous embodiment consists in using an adapter with the outlet nozzles emanating from an annular channel and a feed line for a flowable medium to the annular channel according to FIG. 4, but without the slots in the frustoconical part. Bentonite or a thixotropic material is pressed outwards through the outlet nozzles, which can be used both to fill cavities in the ground created during the drawing process and as a lubricant. Since the adapter is closed, there is no danger that the material can get inside the pipeline.

The present method is particularly advantageous with regard to the distribution of forces, since the pressure force of the press 7 acts on one side of the spectacle plate 8 and the reaction forces from the friction between the pipe and the soil are transmitted directly to the other side of the spectacle plate 8 , so that they are in largely cancel this. Without using the eyeglass plate 8 as an abutment, the soil could shear off conically, for example, starting from the expansion of a sleeve; in the course of the individual pulling operations, this can then be repeated several times in the direction of the pull-in pit, so that a loosened zone in the earth is formed over the entire length.

Claims (20)

1. Procedure for replacing pipes laid in the ground in the course of a pipeline, in which an old pipe is removed in the area between a pull-in pit and a target construction pit and a new pipe is pulled in its place by pulling the old pipe towards the target pit using a common pulling device pulled and broken in this and the new pipe following the old pipe are pulled from the pull-in pit to the target pit, characterized in that the pulling device engages the rear end of the new pipe ( 5 ) in the pulling direction and the old ( 4 ) and the new one ( 5 ) Pipe are connected to one another in a form-fitting manner at the adjoining ends via an adapter ( 6 ) which transmits the forces occurring between them. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the pull-in pit ( 2 ) and in the target pit ( 3 ), the old pipes ( 4 ) are separated and removed from the pipeline, that the pulling device is installed in the target pit ( 3 ) and in the pull-in pit ( 2 ) the new pipe ( 5 ) with the interposition of the adapter ( 6 ) is then laid out on the old pipe ( 4 ) that a pull rod connected to the pulling device ( 10 ) from the target pit ( 3 ) through the Push the pipeline through to the rear end of the new pipe ( 5 ) in the pulling direction and form-fitly connect this end in the pulling direction so that the pull rod ( 10 ) with the new ( 5 ) and old ( 4 ) pipe is lifted to the target excavation pit ( 3 ) is pulled, and that the sections of the old pipe ( 4 ) drawn into the target construction pit ( 3 ) are broken off and removed from the latter. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drawn into the target pit ( 3 ) sections of the old pipe ( 4 ) near the entrance to the target pit ( 3 ) clamped and split in the longitudinal direction GE. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the region of the transition between the old ( 4 ) and the new ( 5 ) pipe, a soil rinsing takes place in the pipeline. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized records that the subsurface lavage by means of compressed air. 6. The method according to claim 4, characterized records that the subsurface lavage by means of water. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the old ( 4 ) and the new ( 5 ) tube in both longitudinal directions are mutually slidably coupled to each other and that the pulling of the old ( 4 ) and the new ( 5 ) pipe is carried out in alternating strokes at different times. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that any cavities created by the replacement in the soil surrounding the pipeline ( 1 ) are filled by injection of bentonite or a thixotropic material. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the new tube ( 5 ) is jacketed flush with a suitable material before pulling in. 10. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the adapter ( 6 ) between the adjacent ends of the old ( 4 ) and the new ( 5 ) tube at different diameters of these tubes to achieve a smooth transition is frustoconical or approximately frustoconical. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the outer surface of the adapter ( 6 ) between the two tube ends with different diameters is stepped. 12. The apparatus of claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the adapter ( 6 ) has longitudinal slots ( 28 ) for the penetration of loose soil into the inner pipe. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the adapter ( 6 ) has outlet openings ( 33 ) for a pressurized flowable medium for the purpose of flushing away soil in the region of the pipe transition. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the flowable medium to the adapter ( 6 ) through a through the new pipes ( 5 ) ver running line ( 32 ) can be supplied. 15. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that on the pulling device opposite end of the pull rod ( 10 ) on this ver adjustable anchor plate ( 11 ) positively attached to the free end of the new pipe to be drawn in ( 5 ) is. 16. The device according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the pulling device on the tube to be pulled out ( 4 ) facing away from the wall of the target pit ( 3 ) supporting spectacle plate ( 8 ) and an anchored to this press ( 7 ) having the ge through the lens plate (8) led pull rod (10) is attached to the reciprocating member, in the drawing direction against the spectacle plate (8), a cone (15) with increasing distance from the spectacle plate (8) enlarging diameter is attached to the pull rod ( 10 ), which carries on its circumference longitudinal splitting knife ( 16 ). 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that a clamping device ( 17 ) for the pulled-out old tube ( 4 ) is provided in the pulling direction immediately before the eyeglass plate ( 8 ). 18. Device according to one of claims 10 to 17, characterized in that the pull rod ( 10 ) consists of short individual rods connected by couplings ver. 19. Device according to one of claims 10 to 18, characterized in that on the tie rod ( 10 ) an anchor plate ( 34 ) is positively attached to the opposite end of the pulling device to be pulled out of the old pipe ( 4 ) that the adapter ( 6 ) slidably is guided on this pipe end, and that at the end of the new pipe ( 5 ) to be pulled in opposite to the pulling device, a pressing device ( 36, 37 ) is provided between the latter and the pull rod ( 10 ) for displacing the new pipe ( 5 ) relative to the pull rod ( 10 ). 20. Device according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the adapter Exits for one through the inside pipeline thixotropic Material or bentonite to fill out Cavities in the ground and / or as a slide medium.