DE3620805A1 - The retreat working of development roads - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, the retreat working of development roads or other galleries no longer takes place by withdrawing the support and roof-fall exploitation but rather by the support remaining in the gallery by backfilling, a building material being used which is hydraulically bonding, non-water-soluble and to which a waste disposal product is added as an aggregate.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for dismantling of mining routes (accompanying routes) or the like underground Mining mines.

The share of mining stretches to be dismantled is in German hard coal mining quite significantly. According to one in Glückauf 116 (1980) No. 20, ver public investigation into the status of 1979 is the Share 24.8%.

When dismantling lines, the line expansion is robbed. That serves less to adjust the expansion after the robbery and back into the Pits to use as a quarry. A breakage is said to remain of cavities with the risk of formation of explosive or fire risk Licher gas mixtures can be prevented. Such a danger can be avoided not avoid that the lines while the expansion be closed at the ends. That by robbing the track Material advantages gained from construction are relatively small.

The robbery of accompanying routes generally begins with the fact that the longwall equipment, such as extraction machines, conveyors and the steel longwall construction as well as cables and pipelines, are transported as soon as possible from the longwall to the accompanying routes in order to remove the effects of the mining shaft. Then the removal of these resources is after they are inserted zer in transport-oriented items, taking advantage of the still operational track funding (two chain conveyors, rubber belt conveyors, Streckenkuli or monorail overhead conveyors) in the rear pit areas - preferably directly into the material warehouses - promoted. Rapid removal is always desirable so that the robbery of the track expansion can begin unhindered.

In addition to the immediate start of the road robbery, it is important to rob as quickly as possible. Therefore, robbery work should be done by full fit miners and in compliance with mining rules of Security in the Gedinge be done, the removal of the ge stolen material should be included here to avoid congestion  caused by material storage. Low ripping performance ver deteriorate the route condition, the expansion is pushed together or pressed into the bottom of the track. The work space is narrowed itself and thus also the free weather cross-section, which is dangerous Gases such as mine gas or carbonic acid can accumulate and the temperature the weather rises, perhaps so high that with special weather or must be worked with a reduced shift time. Also with the Ge risk of the breakdown of track sections.

Mechanical devices facilitate the actual robbery, increase performance and shorten the service life of the route. Press air chisel to loosen the expansions from the mountains to remove Squeezers and warping, mechanical wrenches to loosen the mostly heavily rusted screw connections. Pneumatic traction devices and Raubhäspel, with which the individual expansion frames in the still removed Part of the line being moved are mechanical devices that do not lead to a major increase in robbery. When pulling the build often have to use such high tensile forces that the individual components deform and the following straightening work is necessarily increased.

An improvement in these procedures occurred through the development of hydraulic line bow robbers. The principle is that the machine the expansion frame by the pressure of a pressure cylinder into the robbed part of the route. Here we act considerably lower forces on the expansion, which in the empty space of the often broken route list is pushed. So much for wooden bolts were used, they detach themselves from the dressing. The when robbing with reels, there is no dangerous rope tension. The robbery performance is increased by these hydraulic robbery devices.

Many mines have different designs over time messed up and applied sequentially. Also a predator for the Universal use, i.e. for robbing all steel frames, was developed.

• a) The mode of operation when stealing minor or door frame removal: The predator is in the swiveled down position on site brought. The predatory cylinder is countered by retracting the piston the roof pivoted so that one of the two pairs of claws on the Top of the predatory cylinder is fixed against a rear Construction supports. Due to the design of the device and the good Ab support against the hanging during the robbery becomes a Stone fall risk reduced. By extending the ram, the Front swiveling plungers against the route arch to be robbed or the cap of the door frame, which is attached by means of a chain the crossbeam must be secured against falling. By further fro When the ram is extended, the structure is pushed away to the old man. On the two stamps on the door frame are then closed by means of two Round link chains pulled from the lying position. Then the end build together with the device using the pulling cylinder or one built Haspels withdrawn by the necessary amount. The expansion parts are now detached from the device and transported to the rear.
• The predator is easily anchored because of its own weight of about 4-5 tons is enough to tip the device when robbed to prevent the lateral route arches.
• b) When stealing TH or bell profile expansion, proceed as follows:
• The front support head of the predatory cylinder is removed using the hydraulic lifting cylinder against the cap of the lines to be robbed bow pivoted. The piston of the lower lifting cylinder is complete extended and swings the two side levers into their End position to the old man. After the two lifting claws on the side expansion segments attached directly to the person lying down are the screw connections on the connecting brackets for the Removal segments solved by impact wrench. Now the piston has to of the lower lifting cylinder can be retracted, the side expansion segments by lifting claws upwards and to the device hike. The cylinder is swung down again and the  this leaves the upper segment arch free. In this position you pull that Pull the device backwards as far as the Ab state of the individual route arches required. The 3 segment arches are then released from the device and transported away.

Despite the mechanization of the robbery, the ge are described robbery problems not eliminated. Becomes particularly uncomfortable robbing when robbery takes place during the mining operation. This will inevitably hinder the mining operation (e.g. material transport, raw mining) and robbing each other. It comes to him major malfunctions.

The invention has for its object, in particular disabilities to avoid the mining operation by robbery.

According to the invention this is achieved in that the expansion in the Stretch remains and the stretch with a hydraulically setting, non-water-soluble building material, the disposal products are added. Backfilling is an alternative to robbery and the quarrying aimed at with the robbery. By backfilling also prevents the dangerous gas mixtures. A backfill However, it is economically clear compared to conventional robbery disadvantageous if e.g. is filled with conventional blowing offset. The conventional blowing offset would result in mountain return from above ground after underground with the corresponding equipment required. Furthermore the blow offset would only create a very loose layer, who do not have sufficient security against unwanted gas formation would give. According to the invention, a secure backfilling is under tight connection of the filled particles through the use of Building material reached. The building material contains a binder, which the closure of any existing cavities is guaranteed. Therefore suitable binders, their mixing and the registration of the Ge Mixing in the route are relatively complex. According to the invention this effort is due to the addition of disposal products at least so far reduced - possibly more than just compensated -  that backfilling as a whole is more economical than robbing the Be slides will. Return products are preferred and contaminated soil.

Most industrial processes go with the generation of waste substances. It is not uncommon for the goods that are produced to also bear even in the manufacture, storage and distribution to contaminate Air, waste water and soil. This is how some typical contaminations, which are still detectable after years and decades and effects on the ecosystem and humans.

This is characteristic of coke oven sites. The coking process The products are, in addition to the main components, coke and koke reigas, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, naphthalene, Phenol, oil and tar fractions, ammonia and others Residues are special in the area of previous plants for gas scrubbing, product cleaning and waste water determine water treatment. There are also plenty of polycyclic ones aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals (especially lead, arsenic, Mercury) and cadmium. Hygienic hazards cannot be avoided close through direct contact with contaminated material (inhala tion, skin contact) as well as by eating foods that affect the contaminated areas. Inhalation of gas shaped components has only minor toxicological importance, however, the often intense odor emissions are serious hygienic problem. This is usually in the contaminated area newly formed groundwater with organic and inorganic components freighted. His intrusion into drinking water extraction plants or his Use for irrigation purposes can be direct or indirect Let health risks arise.

Another example are production sites for crop protection products. Many of the smaller businesses that emerged after the Second World War were victims of a concentration process in the 1960s and 1970s like. The result is, on the one hand, multiple smaller waste contaminated sites from the previous years as well as a few large deposits  market leading companies. Persistent organochlorine substances, such as e.g. Hexachlorocyclohexane, got through in waste disposal Drift as well as through particulate and gaseous exhaust air emissions in the immediate vicinity of the site. There are hygienic risks through enrichment processes of the substances in the food chain as well through groundwater and surface water loads. Are of concern not just the substances produced and the con genes, but also accompanying substances of the chlorinated dibenzo type dioxins and furans. Provided that there is no particulate matter in the air we breathe parts are recorded, this path only plays a small part Role.

With metal processing companies there is the possibility of a sub basic contamination with solvents used in cleaning and top area allowances are applied. Hardness salts and electroplating waste as well Dust-like exhaust air emissions are another characteristic accompaniment contaminants of these branches of production. Apart from the possibility inhalation of heavy metal dust or direct oral exposure residues upon contact with highly contaminated soil material certain production sites (heavy metal smelting and processing) affect those related to the metalworking industry the contamination problems mainly on the groundwater.

Significant environmental damage with partial massive contamination of the Groundwater is found at solvent companies. Here The diversity of the product range can lead to unexpected behavior by individuals Guide components underground. The same applies here that a hygienic toxicological impairment primarily through basic and drinking water would have to take place, and that an inhalation of outgassed Material is of minor importance.

The residues from the above companies must be disposed of. The same goes for the soil from contaminated sites, though the site for further use, especially residential development should be carried out or if from the contaminated location Drift or groundwater hazard.  

After disposal in earlier times essentially uncontrolled on landfills, more recently controlled the so-called Hazardous landfills have been fed, there are two significant problems shown. One problem is landfill costs and transportation costs to hazardous waste landfills. The other problem is securing the hazardous waste landfill.

The disposal of such hazardous waste therefore entails considerable costs. Currently DM 200, - and more are only used for the removal of contaminants calculated soils from coke oven sites. This amount includes a substantial contribution margin for the backfilling according to the invention.

According to the invention, the residues during filling are thereby ge ensures that it with the help of water-insoluble binders closed and thus secured against leaching by mine water. The idea behind this is that in German coal mining the most mine buildings are connected via their mine water. By the connection according to the invention is also prevented that the disposed Residues from contamination of mine water and pumping out of the mine water after several days there is a renewed environmental impact causes.

Cement is preferably used as the binder.

Particularly advantageous conditions result from the surface Ver mixing of the disposal products with flotation mountains of a pipe conveyor after underground and mixing with the binder underground immediately cash before filling. Flotation mountains have a high water content. They are fine-grained and pumpable. According to the invention Residues or soil with a grain size of up to 20 mm are added will. The mixture ratio of flotation mountains to contaminated soil rich or residues is preferably at least two. I.e. on a portion of residue or contaminated soil come in at least two Share flotation mountains.  

Instead of flotation mountains, other mountains with a similar particle size can also be used such as that of residues or contaminated soil will. The pumping process for the mixture is facilitated in that the underground material column of the mixture as a result of its Gravity is sufficient even without significant pump pressure Flow caused. The pumping process can therefore also affect it restrict the mountains / water / residues / soil mixture from the Promote mixers in the underground pipeline.

To the extent that electrostatic precipitator (fly ash) is added to the mixture, he that does not set the binder according to the invention. As a binder preferably serves cement. According to the invention, after admixing the Binder a mixture proportion of the binder of at least 10% and at most 40%, preferably 15 to 30%.

A further feature is used to backfill the stretches sections of the invention. The individual sections have a minimum length of 10 m. For filling, e.g. Crates installed. The Ver Blows can be made of wood and serve as lost Formwork, i.e. they will not after filling a section disassembled. The backfilling takes place on the roof, preferably starting from the face or the embankment of the previous backfill.

The offset device becomes continuous during the backfilling and / or moved backwards step by step. This ensures a full constant backfilling of the pit area without the offset device frozen in the building material.

For the implementation of the method according to the invention, there are more than one daily mixing system and pumping system, pipe conveying underground, an underground mixing plant, pumping plant and an offset plant see. A pipe or relatively stiffer is suitable as an offset system Hose that can be dismantled. The stiffness required according to the invention results from the arrangement of the offset device in the time limit area.  

The dismantling is optionally achieved by a pipe or rigid hose with a length that is at least about corresponds to the length of the backfill section. Then when the pump is in a distance from the slag which is equal to half Length of the pipe or rigid hose is a Ver bond between this pipe and the pump or this rigid hose and the pump of minimal length. The connection is a flexible one Hose provided.

The stiff hose or pipe arranged in the ridge area becomes kept the invention with chain hangers. The chain hangers are ver lorene internals and are attached to the extension arches. At least A chain sling is provided on every fourth extension arch.

As a drive for the intended movement of the arranged in the ridge area A reel can be used for the tube or hose. The reel can do one have small size and small power. Possibly. is already a chain train sufficient.

A diameter between 100 and 200 mm is provided for the pipe or hose lines in the ridge area. The displacement capacity is between 4 and 10 m ³ / h. The mixer and pump are designed accordingly.

Mixer and pump can be moved using a monorail overhead conveyor or be movable by means of track vehicles. Possibly. there is also a back of these facilities with a reel or cable.

In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown.  

Fig. 1 shows the surface part of a plant according to the invention together with the pipe transport underground in a schematic representation.

Fig. 2 shows the underground mixing and pumping system.

Fig. 3 shows the filling of a route.

According to FIG. 1, electrostatic ash (fly ash) is fed to a mixer 15 from a bunker over a conveyor belt 14 . At the same time the contaminated soil is a mixer 15 fed to a coking plant site from a non-illustrated other bunker on a conveyor belt 14 and exit from a pipe 14 b flotation tailings into the mixer 15 from. The proportions of the flotation mountains to contaminated soil, to electrostatic precipitates are in a ratio of 2 to 0.5 to 0.5. This applies to the embodiment. In further exemplary embodiments, the quantity ratio of the mountains to the contaminated substances including aggregates is at least 2 when leaving the surface system.

The flotation mountains have a solids content of 40%.

The feedstocks are mixed homogeneously in the mixer 15 . Two silos 16 are operated from the mixer 15 . Mixture is drawn off from the silos 16 as required via a pump 17 and discharge locks 16 a . The pump 17 presses the mixture into a down pipe 18 underground. The down pipe 18 leads to the underground mixing and pumping system shown in FIG. 2. The performance of the pump 18 can be chosen to be low, since the conveyance of the weight in the pipe 18 is supported considerably by the weight of the material column in the pipe 18 . According to FIG. 2, the underground mixing and pumping station from a pump 9 and a mixer 8, a cement silo, not shown, a concrete chute 21, a feed screw cement and a cement balance 23rd

The cement screw conveyor connects the cement silo with the cement horizontal 23, wherein the cement horizontally through a pipe 24 into the cement occurs 23rd

The cement scales 23 deliver the cement to the mixer 8 in portions. Likewise, the mixture produced above ground is metered in portions into the mixer 8 via a pipeline 25 with an intermediate slide (not shown). In the case of continuous removal, cement and the mixture produced above ground can also be metered continuously into the mixer 8 . In the execution example, the cement is mixed in such a ratio that it accounts for 20% of the mixture at the pump outlet. In other exemplary embodiments, the mixing proportion of the bandage is at least 10% and at most 40%, preferably 15 to 30%, at the outlet of the underground mixing and pumping system.

The underground mixing and pumping system stands on a frame 27 . The frame 27 is either a chassis at the same time, so that the underground mixing and pumping system can be operated on the existing track system. The process can be carried out continuously, but preferably stepwise.

Other driving devices, e.g. Caterpillar drive works, suitable.

Instead of a method, however, sliding can also occur. Then the frame 27 is provided with sliding shoes at the bottom, so that it can be pulled backwards on the lying surface by means of suitable pulls (reels or chain hoists). The existing extension bends are suitable for fastening reels, winches or chain hoists.

Fig. 3 shows the operating situation in a range 26, which is filled in according to the invention form. The underground mixing and pumping system is shown in a compact form 28 . A flexible hose line 30 is flanged onto the pump outlet 29 . The other end of the hose line 30 is flanged to a pipe 31 suspended in the ridge area. The tube 31 is suspended with hangers. Chain slings are particularly suitable, as are ropes or one-piece or multi-piece steel attachments. The molded parts are screwed to the expansion elbows or clamped to them or only hung in. The chain hangers are preferably also attached. However, jamming or screwing is also possible. Finally, the bolting between the extension arches is also suitable for fastening. In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, chains 32 are provided. There is a chain hanger on every second extension arch between a front extension arch 33 and a rear extension arch 34 . The extension arches 33 and 34 are provided with a wooden crate. This can be done in a simple manner by placing boards in the commonly used TH profile or bell profile. The boards are intended to ensure that even with a relatively low viscosity mixture, sufficient filling of the route occurs and that the mixture does not impede the working space in the area of the mixing and pumping system 28 and the movement space for the flexible hose 30 .

If the cross-section of the route is considerable, the pressure of the mixture is counteracted the shed by an additional central support wear.

The crate leaves a passage opening for the tube 31 in the ridge area. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, a distance of 20 m is selected between the two extension arches 33 and 34 or the associated crates. The tube 31 has the same length. The tube 31 can be significantly longer in other exemplary embodiments, but not over moderately shorter. If the pipe length is more than 30% shorter than the distance between the two crates, backfilling according to the invention is no longer guaranteed for mixtures with a high solids content.

Fig. 3 shows a link state having a finished sheet 33 before removing backfilling with incipient Nachverfüllung between the two support arches 33 and 34. The mixing and pumping system remains at a distance of approximately half the length of the route section to be filled from the expansion arch 34 when this route section is backfilled. In the exemplary embodiment, this is approximately 10 m. As the backfilling progresses, the pipe 31 is pulled back via a cable 35 . The cable 35 is attached to a rear extension arch and operated continuously or in sections. The cable train 35 grips on both sides of the pipe flange connecting the pipe 31 with the flexible hose 30 .

If, after filling the section of line between the expansion bends 33 and 34, the pipe 31 has been pulled back beyond the rear expansion bend 34 , the flexible hose 30 lies in an S-shaped snake next to or above the mixing and pumping system 28 . With the progressive retraction of the tube 31 new Kettenge hangers are mounted so that the tube 31 is held securely in the ridge area. In the exemplary embodiment, a protrusion of the pipe of more than 3 expansion bends is avoided. By installing a new chain suspension before reaching the third extension arch at the distance described above.

After filling the section between the extension arches 33 and 34 , the underground mixing and pumping system 28 is moved backwards by a section of 20 m. At the same time, the pipeline 25 leading to the mixing and pumping system 28 is shortened and, if necessary, a pipeline leading to the cement silo is shortened. At a distance of 20 m from extension arch 34 , a new shed is built in the extension arch there. The next section of the route can then be filled.

Claims (18)

1. Process for the dismantling of routes, in particular of accompanying routes, characterized in that the expansion remains in the routes and the routes are filled with a hydraulically setting, non-water-soluble building material, to which a disposal product is added. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the use of contaminated soil from coke oven sites and / or other industrial locations as a disposal product. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized using cement as a binder. 4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, ge characterized by the use of flotation mountains for filling. 5. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, because characterized in that the disposal products mixed with a surcharge, with a pipe transport after being mixed underground and underground with the binder. 6. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, because characterized in that the quantitative ratio the mountains to the contaminated substances including surcharge substances is at least two. 7. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, because characterized in that the proportion of Binder in the mixture at least 10 and at most 40% is.   8. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized by a section-wise filling of the route ( 26 ). 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the route sections to be filled have a minimum length of 10 m. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the route sections to be filled delimited with a crate, the mixture entered in the ridge area and the offset device ( 30 ) is moved backwards with increasing filling of the route section. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized by stepwise backward movement of the offset device ( 30 ). 12. The method according to one or more of claims 8 to 11, there characterized in that the underground mixed and pumping system during the filling of a route section remains in place and after filling this route section outside of the section to be filled is rebuilt. 13. An apparatus for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized by an above-ground mixing and pumping system, an underground mixing and pumping system ( 28 ), a pipe connecting both systems ( 18 ) and an offset device ( 30 , 31 , 32 , 35 ). 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the offset device is formed by a retractable tube ( 31 ) arranged in the ridge area or a rigid hose which is connected to the underground mixing and pumping system ( 28 ) via a flexible hose line ( 30 ). connected is. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized by hangers ( 32 ) or fittings for fastening the Versatzein direction in the ridge area. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized by chain slings ( 32 ). 17. The device according to one or more of claims 14 to 16, characterized by the suspension of the offset device ( 31 ) on the expansion arches and / or bolts between the expansion arches. 18. The device according to one or more of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the Versatzein direction has a chain hoist or reel or cable pull ( 35 ) as a motion drive.