DE3345211A1 - Yeast with a content of a metal and process for the preparation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A yeast, preferably of the saccharomyces type, which takes up germanium by cultivation in a nutrient solution with a content of a physiologically acceptable germanium salt, for example germanium citrate, lactate or the like, is described, and this germanium-containing yeast is processed to tablets, powders or solutions for use for humans and animals.

Description

description

Yeast is found in considerable amounts in food and pharmaceutical products Used extensively.

Differentiates depending on whether sexual reproduction is known or not one ascosporogenic yeast and asporogenic yeast.

The first group includes the brewery, distillery, baking, wine and lactose yeasts of the Saccharomyces species and the fat formers of the Endomyces species. The second group is assigned the nutritional yeasts (Torulopsis and Candida species) as well the Rhodotorula species as fat builders.

Only cultures of brewer's yeast are used in the brewery and Saccharomyces species, namely top-fermenting and bottom-fermenting yeasts. the Top-fermenting yeasts, e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, separate during fermentation on the surface of the beer. Bottom-fermenting yeast, of the species Saccharomyces carlsbergensis Hansen sit on the ground during the fermentation process.

The wine fermentation takes place spontaneously through different, on the berry surface Yeasts of noble or wild species that are found, but they can also be after previous Pasteurization of the must through pure cultures can be controlled according to plan. Wild forms are especially Saccharomyces apiculates and exigus. Pure yeasts come from Species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, var.ellipsoideus or pastorianus.

Today, baker's yeast (pressed yeast) is primarily made from pure-bred strains top-fermenting distillery yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae bred. These can only ferment and assimilate hexoses.

The protein-rich nutritional yeast is used as animal feed, medicinal Preparations and foods.

Yeast and yeast products (e.g. yeast stock cubes), see regulation on meat stock cubes and similar products, dated Dec. 27, 1940) are in Germany and has always been unrestrictedly approved as food around the world.

Depending on the culture conditions and the physiological state are the constituents of the yeast are subject to considerable fluctuations. According to J. Schormüller, Textbook of Food Chemistry, Springer Verlag, contain culture yeasts (Saccharomyces species) in the dry matter 9 - 13 wt .-% total carbohydrates, 42 - 60% crude protein and 2.3 - 7.8% (brewer's yeast) or 2.0 - 23.4% (baker's yeast) total lipids.

It has now been found, completely surprising, that yeasts of the above Species containing germanium are particularly valuable and beneficial, pharmaceutical and exhibit physiological properties when applied to humans and animals will.

These germanium-containing yeasts according to the invention can according to various Methods are made. Beer, baking, nutritional or wine yeasts are turned into a nutrient solution the composition given below, contains this nutrient solution also a germanium compound, which is physiologically harmless, for example a germanium citrate or lacquer, but it can also contain other germanium compounds organic or inorganic.

After the growth phase, the yeast is centrifuged off, washed and squeezed. If a dry yeast is desired, the germanium-containing yeast is used dehydrated with acetone and then dried. Direct drying without acetone by elevated temperature or in a vacuum or by freeze drying is also possible possible. Finally, a yeast with a germanium content of about 50 is obtained ppm, down to the mg / g range. The natural concentration of germanium in yeast however, it is only a few ppm / g.

Another method is to make baking, wine, nutritional or brewer's yeast first put in a germanium-free nutrient solution and let it grow, and then one Add the germanium compound and process it later as described above.

It is known to incorporate essential trace elements in yeast. In the United States, selenium and chromium are incorporated into yeast. It is claimed to be biological to obtain active selenium and chromium complexes through a special yeast cultivation (see also "Effects of high-chromium yeast-extract sunplementation on serum lipids, serum insulin and glucose tolerance in older women ".

V.J.K. Liu et al., Federation Proceedings, 36 1123, 1977).

The chromium complex is said to be 50 times more active than inorganic Chrome. The selenium complex should also be non-toxic. Are selenium and chromium as is well known, trace elements that are essential for life (regarding selenium, see e.g. Raymond F. Burk, Biological Activity of Selenium, Annual Review of Nutrition, vol. 3, 1983).

Chromium serves as an essential trace element and is e.g.

contained in the glucose tolerance factor (GTF).

The yeast containing germanium can either be obtained as a powder, tablets, capsules, in suspension alone or mixed with vitamins, other nutrients as well as pharmaceuticals Active ingredients are taken.

A typical analysis of the germanium-containing brewer's yeast is shown in the table 1 summarized.

Table 1 protein 50% carbohydrates 10% fat 5% ash 7% heavy metals 10 ppm (germanium) The content of essential amino acids in yeast containing germanium is comparable to that of normal yeast, as can also be seen from Table 2.

Table 2 Amino acid brewer's yeast + baker's yeast + germanium-containing brewer's yeast (%) (%) (%) (%) Isoleucine 2.76 2.45 2.80 leucine 3.83 3.29 3.80 lysine 3.53 3.30 3.50 Methionine 1.05 1.12 1.00 Phenylalanine 2.29 2.23 2.30 Threonine 3.26 2.49 3.30 Thryptophan 0.82 0.74 0.80 valine 3.23 3.21 3.20 + according to J. Schormüller op. Cit.

Nevertheless, the vitamin and mineral content is the germanium-containing Yeast comparable to normal yeast (see Table 3).

Table 3 Minerals: Vitamins: Sodium 5 mg / g Thiamine 100 microgr / g Calcium 5 Niacin 400 Potassium 20 Biotin 5 Magnesium 4 Riboflavin 20 Pyridoxine 10 the Toxicological studies in mice and rats have shown that the germanium-containing Yeast does not cause any toxic effects. The LD-50 orally on rats and mice is not detectable. The product mixed with feed turns out to be in the animals as well tolerated. In many cases one could achieve better physical growth watch.

In addition, yeast containing germanium is a natural carrier of germanium and biologically effective. It prevents e.g. the formation of tumors in the animal organs, as set out in the following examples. Pharmacological studies have shown that the germanium-containing yeast also has a positive influence on the central nervous system as well as on other organs.

Germanium is an extremely rare element. It only comes in three Minerals so concentrated that its content can be approached as a formula: Argirondite - where it was first discovered - as well as germanite and benierite. Further 16 minerals contain more than 0.1% germanium and 700 contain more than 0.001 % (lppm) germanium. In the coal one finds between 5 - 10 ppm. In healing and mineral water Germanium was also found up to 10 ppm. General - according to Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry - regarded as far less toxic than e.g. the corresponding compounds of lead or tin.

For the first time in 1922, F. S. Hemmett and J.H. Garbage over the specific effect in the form of an increase in erythrocytes and an increase of hemoglobin when applying germanium dioxide (see Hagers handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice). Only recently it was proven that water-soluble germanium compounds are pharmaceutically effective (DE-OS 32 12 817).

H. A. Schroeder and J. J. Balessa (abnormal trace metals in man: Germanium, J. chron. Dis. 20, 211, 1967) examined the occurrence of germanium in food and biological tissues. Traces (below lppm) of germanium were found Found in all animal organs and foods, but few products contain more than 2 ppm germanium, namely: 2.02, tuna 2.28, beans 4.67 ppm.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Composition: 1 g of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was grown in a glass vat with nutrient solution. One liter of nutrient solution Contains: malt extract 15.0 g, universal peptone 0.75 g, glucose 12.75, dextrin 2.75, Glycerin 2.35 g, di-potassium hydrogen phosphate 1, omg, ammonium chloride 1.0 g, 0.4 g (approx 60 g germanium).

After 5 days, the baker's yeast was removed from the nutrient solution by centrifugation separated, washed 3 times with 0.1 molar citrate buffer pH 5.5 and finally with water. The baker's yeast was freeze-dried. 100 g of germanium-containing baker's yeast were obtained with a germanium content of 550 micrograms / gram.

To determine the acute toxicity, male Sprague-Dawley Rats between 200 and 250 g body weight were used. The germanium-containing baker's yeast was administered to the animals once a day by oral gavage in 20% aqueous suspension The behavior of the animals was observed for 14 days. No physiological damage up to 1.0 g / kg could be determined. The oral LD-50 is higher than the maximum administrable dose of 1.0 g germanium-containing yeast / kg.

Example 2 1 g nutritional yeast (Torulopsis utilis) was in 1 1 nutrient solution, grown as described above and finished after 4 days. 1 liter of nutrient solution contained: 3 g yeast extract, 3 g malt extract, 5 g peptone, 20 g glucose and a germanium compound as in Example 1. 15 g of germanium-containing nutritional yeast with a germanium content were obtained of 450 micrograms / gram.

Example 3 Approx. 1 kg of bottom-fermenting brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces carlsbergensis Hansen) together with 10 liters of wort were obtained from a brewery.

20 g germanium citrate (approx 3 g germanium) were added and the The nutrient solution was left to rest for another 2 days. The brewer's yeast was centrifuged off, 3 times with bidist. Water washed.

The brewer's yeast was then taken up in acetone, stirred for 15 minutes and then centrifuged off. The residue was taken up twice in acetone, stirred and filtered off.

The brewer's yeast was then air dried at 50 degrees. One received 1.1 kg of germanium-containing brewer's yeast with a germanium content of 700 micrograms / gram.

To study the influence on the prevention of the experimental NMRI mice were used for tumor formation in the germanium-containing brewer's yeast. Methylcholanthrene administered ip once in NMRI mice (0.5 mg per animal) is known to be a strong one carcinogenic agent for tumor research. The animals were divided into 4 groups: 1. Group: In this untreated control group, no methylcholanthrene and received no yeast containing germanium in the feed, no tumor could be observed after 60 days will.

2nd group: This control group was also no methylcholanthrene administered, but feed with yeast containing germanium. After 60 days the behavior stopped of the animals similar to group 1.

The macroscopic and microscopic examination of the organs showed no changes either. It follows that yeast containing germanium also is easily digestible for the animals in the case of long-term administration.

3rd group: In this experimental group, the methylcholanthrene and who received normal feed without yeast containing germanium Tumors found in 50% of the animals.

4th group: In this experimental group, the feed with methylcholanthrene and 5% more germanium Yeast received were only found in 30% of the Animal tumors found. The death rate was significantly lower in this group than in the animals of group 3.

Example 4 1 g of wine yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, var.

ellipsoideus) was grown and processed as in Example 1. 100 g of germanium-containing wine yeast with a germanium content of 1050 micrograms / gram were obtained.

Example 5 1 kg of germanium-containing brewer's yeast according to Example 3 was added 5 million i.E. vitamin A and 0.5 million.

i.E. Vitamin E, as well as 1000 g tableting excipient mixed or tabletted. A vitaminized germanium-containing brewer's yeast tablet of the following was obtained Composition: 1 tablet contains: brewer's yeast, containing germanium 200 mg vitamin A. 1000 i.E.

Vitamin E 100 i.E.

These tablets have a calming effect on animals, which is due to Attempts was noted.

Claims (4)

P at e n t a n t r u e 1. Beer, wine, bakery products containing germanium and nutritional yeast. 2. Process for the production of germanium-containing yeasts according to claim 1, characterized in that the beer, wine, baking and nutritional yeast in a germanium-containing Culture medium are grown. 3. A method for the production of germanium-containing yeasts according to claim 1, characterized in that the beer, wine, baking and nutritional yeast in a germanium-containing Nutrient medium are suspended. 4. Pharmaceutical and dietetic preparations containing germanium Beer, wine, baking and nutritional yeast.