DE3330147A1 - SPEED CHANGER - Google Patents

Description

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In industrial fields of application, the conventional Reduction gears generally only have one speed and essentially consist of a drive shaft on the one hand, an output shaft on the other hand and a fixed housing, which contains the reduction gears connecting the two shafts. The housing that holds the gearbox enclosing and bearing between the shafts, is usually attached to a rigid base and forms the Reaction body for that transmitted between the two shafts Torque. In vehicles, multi-speed power transmission devices are increasingly used that often include reduction gears and specially designed and constructed for this particular application are. They are often either manually or automatically operated transmissions, however in vehicles also to a greater extent clutch response ~ tion types used to vary the relationship between the motor and the drive shaft. The above speed change devices for vehicles are in most cases not used in industrial plants, mainly because of their extremely complicated construction, their large size and high cost and / or their unreliability during extended periods of operation with propulsion of machines and other systems working under heavy loads. Instead, it was in the industrial field the speed change in connection with reduction

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driven mainly, using electric motors carried out with variable speed to the plant via reduction gears with only one reduction ratio to drive.

It is occasionally necessary or desirable to use variable speed reducers and other mechanical ones To control power transmission drives depending on the load of the driven system and the acceleration and to change deceleration rates of the drive, even if the drive is normally at full operation at a constant Speed works. An example of this application and operating mode is in drives for belt conveyors that are used for Handling heavy materials such as ore, coal, stone and similar materials are used. That kind of conveyor system is often driven by an electric motor via a reduction gear that is connected to the shaft of one of the pulleys on which the conveyor belt runs. The motor and the reduction gear can at the end of the driven pulley, or the motor can be at the end of the pulley be arranged while the reduction gear as a one-piece installation unit In the driven pulley is stored. In the latter type of installation, the motor drives the reduction gear via an axially in the

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Main pulley shaft mounted on shaft, and the reduction gear responds directly to the pulley to provide the drive torque for it.

A sudden start with no load or with little load can damage the conveyor system on belt conveyors or cause the conveyor belt to loosen Dimensions cause the conveyor to become inoperable or malfunction. It is already changeable Acceleration of a reduction gear by a braking device has been successfully carried out in use in connection with the reaction shaft of the reduction gear to operate the driven pulley of the conveyor system. Such devices and installations are disclosed and claimed in U.S. Patents 4,047,452 to Eddy, 4,168,611 to Woyton and Meredith, 4,189,962 to Chung, and 4,281,565 to Lower. While these patents for conveyor systems and the like disclose certain drives, but have these speed changing devices with controlled Starting conditions a much more general area of application and broader possible uses have been found and can can be used in a wide variety of installations. In the soft start concept of the above patents responds the power drive to the load of the power output element at the moment of starting to the required Provide torque and cause a smooth start

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ken, and thereafter controls the rate of acceleration until the conveyor system has reached its normal operating speed , regardless of the load on the system, thus avoiding a quick start, which usually involves sudden jolts when the system is unloaded or only slightly loaded. This soft start concept also has a distinct advantage in the operation of various other types of equipment besides belt conveyors. It is also sometimes desirable to operate a facility at a slower than normal speed. In the past, this could not be achieved using the braking device because the friction generated enough heat to destroy the braking device in a relatively short time and long soft start times and long acceleration times could generate enough heat to seriously damage the device .

The object of the invention is to provide a "speed change device with an acceleration and Delay control system that is extremely reliable, efficient and has extended operating times can be operated in adverse conditions and / or at less than full speed, without maintenance or adjustment by the operator being necessary after the desired acceleration and Deceleration rate and / or the desired speed for the

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different operating parameters was chosen, and without the To expose the device to conditions which could seriously damage the device or system it drives.

A special feature of the invention is that the system for controlling the acceleration and deceleration rate of a mechanical power drive, which is normally used in operates at an essentially constant speed and can be driven by a motor at constant speed, is nevertheless capable of a smooth start and slow acceleration of the system with any selected gear ratio to ensure.

This invention also provides a speed change device of the dual type, which is relatively simple in operation and construction, under adverse environmental and environmental conditions Operating conditions installed and operated and also by replacing a pinion or gear combination can be easily modified to suit different uses and types of installation.

The above features and other advantages will become apparent from the following description of the present invention achieved by a speed change device with a planetary gear reduction gear whose reaction

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element is controlled by an oil-cooled reaction brake, which normally responds to the load of the system to be started and is activated by the speed change device is driven. The reaction brake is a multiple disc brake that is operated by a hydraulic piston, while the coolant is under pressure between the disks * - - leads, which preferably have specially designed surfaces, to an optimal flow of the S'trömungsmittcls to allow between the panes. The actuating brake discs are effectively arranged with the ring gear and the reaction body floating on the housing to a allow effective centering of the various parts without interference from the brake discs. The fluid can be used during the entire operation of the speed change device printed between the disks, allowing the cooling and lubricating effects of the fluid a certain slip to change or regulate the output speed of the device to a slightly lower than the maximum speed. The reaction brake is preferably arranged on the output side of the reduction gear and acts between the ring gear and the housing. One of the features of the concept disclosed in this application is in the combination of a single-stage, axially parallel 'reduction gear section with a pinion and a gear, the pinion preferably on the drive shaft and the Planetary gear reduction section on the output side of the

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Device is angcoidnet. If there is a change in the gear ratio is desired, the pinion and the driven gear of the gear portion can be relatively easy can be replaced without the more complicated planetary gear section disassemble. This dual section can be reversed so that the planetary gear section is on the The drive side of the speed change device and the axially parallel reduction gear section are on the output side is located. With both arrangements, the choice of the desired gear reduction can be made by Replacement of the pinion and the driven gear reduction section.

Show it:

1 shows a perspective illustration of the speed change device using the invention,

FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section along the horizontal line 2 of FIG. 1,

3 shows an enlarged partial section of the speed change device in accordance with the information in FIG. By the circle denoted by 3 in broken lines Lines,

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4 shows a perspective illustration of a braking element used / terminated in the present device;

Fig. 5 is an exploded view of a part of the planetary gear section used in the present speed change device and of the ■ reaction element,

6 shows an enlarged partial view of one of the plates of the disk pack of the present speed its change! device used reaction brake.

Reference will now be made in detail to the drawings, in particular to FIGS. 1 and 2, in which the reference numeral 10 generally designates a speed change device which, in application of the present invention, contains a housing 12, as well as a drive shaft 14 and a Output shaft 16 which are mounted in the opposite walls 18 and 20 of the housing. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the present speed change device has two basic sections, consisting of an axially parallel reduction gear section, which is designated generally by 22, and a planetary gear section, which is generally designated by 24. These two sections connect the drive shaft 14 and the. Abtriebywolle 16 with each other. Hs can cjcij ^ iH'tH-nl u L h;

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arrangements other than those shown in the drawings include the ~ these two sections are used «,

The gear section 22 consists of the drive shaft 14, the is supported in bearings 30 and 3 2 supported by the outer side wall 18 of the housing 12, and an inner wall 34 in the Casing. On the drive shaft 14, a pinion 36 is arranged or formed in one piece with it, which with a Zahnrcid 38 combs, which is stored on a XVeHe 4 0 and for Circulation with her is keyed to her, the shaft 4 0 in bearings 4 2 in the side wall 18 and bearings 44 in the inner wall 34 is stored. The pinion and gear 38 are lubricated by the lubricant in the lower portion of the housing, in which the gear 38 is partially immersed. Different speed reductions can be selected by Change in the ratio between the pinion 36 and the gear 38. Since these two parts are relatively easily exchanged the desired speed reduction can easily be changed from one installation to another to meet the requirements.

The planetary gear reduction portion 24 consists of one Sun gear 62 and three planet gears 64, 66 and 68, whose Shafts are stored in the generally designated 70 planet carrier, the flanges 72 and 74 in which the Shafts of the planetary gears are stored, as well as an extension

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tion 75, which is stored in the bearing 76 received by an annular extension on the inner wall 34. That Sun gear 62 and shaft 40 are interconnected by a keyway coupling 78 in extension 75 so that the Sun gear 62 and shaft 4 0 rotate together relative to the planetary gear carrier. Therefore, the rotation of shaft 4 is offset and the sun gear 62 rotates the three planet gears in the ring gear 60, as in a conventional planetary gear reduction gear . Each of the three planet gears 64, 66 and 68 is mounted on a shaft 80 which is in holes in the flanges 72 and 74 is seated, while bearings 82 and 84 are arranged on the shaft and the respective planetary gears on the two bearings are mounted for relative rotation with respect to the shaft 80.

The planetary gear is controlled by a reaction brake, which is generally designated 90 and comprises a plurality of interleaved with each other friction plates 92, for use by a Keilnutkörper 95 with the annular housing ¹ are connected to 94, and back plates 96, by a Keilnutkörper 99 with the Extension 98 of the ring gear 60 are connected. The plates 92 are restrained from rotating with respect to each other by the keyway connection formed by interlocking ribs and grooves on the plates and on the periphery of the annular body 94, and the plates 96 are restrained from relative orbital movement with respect to one another by the interlocking grooves

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interlocked ribs and grooves formed on the counter plates and on the inside of the extension 98 of the ring gear 6 0 Keyway connection; thus the friction elements move Counter plates during operation of the planetary gear section relative to each other until the brake is fully applied. Braking is achieved through an annular Pistons. 100, which is arranged in an annular cylinder 102, which in turn through an opening 104 with a hydraulic control pressure source is connected, the piston on the cylinder walls by O-ring seals 106 and is sealed in the side wall of the cylinder. When hydraulic flow system admitted into the cylinder 102 then the piston moves sideways to the left, pushing the friction and counter plates together Generating a resistance to the rotational movement of the ring gear 60 and thus causes the planet gears to to rotate relative to him and to put the carrier 70 in rotation to which the output shaft 16 by its storage in the bearing 109 is attached in one piece. An important feature of the present speed changing device consists in the use of a reaction brake, which is caused by a fluid introduced under pressure between the plates is lubricated and cooled. The fluid is pressurized through port 112 into an annular channel 110 embedded in the outside of the body 94 and flows outward between the friction and counter plates of the brake,

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where it lubricates and cools the plates while they are from that Piston 100 is under compression pressure. When the pressure is transmitted through the piston 100 to the disk pack the friction or inhibition thus exerted on the ring gear generates the desired of the planetary gear section performed gear reduction.

Most braking systems will be used under operating conditions similar to that of the present speed changer becomes excessively hot when operated for extended periods of time. As a result, it was with braking systems in planetary gear reduction gears so far an extended or unlimited operation as a means of obtaining the desired speed reduction and / or an extended start mode for soft starting is not possible. The present system has overcome this difficulty by using a special surface design on both sides of the friction plates. This surface construction and configuration is shown in Figure 6 and consists of a number of generally radially arranged, however somewhat diagonal grooves 120 and 122 extending from the inside edge to the outside edge of the panels. The grooves, which are diamond-shaped webs 124 over the entire facing side surfaces of the plates form and the continued oil flow through the grooves 120 and 122 from the annular groove 11.0 to the outside of the bromine

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Allow plates, as well as the surface design created by them allow the plates to be lubricated relative to one another for friction reduction and maintenance a satisfactory operating temperature in the Schexbenpaket, so that the brake has an unlimited Period of time can be operated at any preselected speed. The pressure on the plates can be infinitely variable between practically zero drag or friction to fully engaged plates when stationary Disk pack and ring gear are changed to a continuously variable speed reduction in the planetary gear section to reach. The piston 100 is by a number of springs 130 which are mounted on pins 132 in its retracted position with each spring acting against a tab 134 on each pin and following the tab Press right, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, to return the piston 100 to its retracted position and thereby a separation of the friction plates and counter plates to allow.

The lubricant and coolant flows inwardly through the holes 112 and into and from the annular space 110 axially into the longitudinal grooves of the keyway 95, in which insert the inner edges of the friction plates. The pencils and springs are seated in grooves 136 and extend into holes in ring 138 which loads on the inner end of body 90.

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is consolidated. The brake assembly is supported by a body 140 which is secured by a number of bolts 142 on the body is attached, held in the working position in the ring body, with the body extending into and loosely seated in a slot 144, providing a structural arrangement forms, which allows a floating arrangement between the brake assembly and the ring gear to the ring gear self-centering in the final installation enable.

A lubrication pump 150, which is connected to the drive shaft 14, is mounted on the inner wall 34 for the bearings and is driven by it. The oil is from the sump in the bottom of the housing through various channels, one of which most not shown are pumped to the bearings for the shafts.

When the present speed change device is in operation, a motor is connected to the drive shaft 14 and a drive sprocket, a clutch, a gear or a pulley mounted on the output shaft 16 Connection with the system to be driven by the device, When the shaft 14 is driven, it rotates the pinion 36, which in turn rotates the gear 38 and the shaft 40. There the shaft 40 is connected by the clutch 78 to the sun gear 62, the planet gears 64, 66 and 68 and

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dor Zalinkj.anz GO before actuating the brake essentially rotated at the same speed, and the planet carrier remains stationary. To the speed you want from the gear section -22 to the output shaft. 16 to attain the reaction brake 90 is actuated by introducing hydraulic fluid into the cylinder 102, which presses the annular piston 100 against the brake plates and thereby pushes the brake plates into partial or total contact with one another. This either slows down the circulation of the Ring gear 60 or brings it to a standstill, the extent of the reduction in speed being dependent on the pressure exerted by the brake piston. When the speed of rotation of the ring gear is reduced the rotational speed is increased from the gear section 22 to the output shaft 16, and the maximum speed is achieved when the ring gear is brought to a complete standstill by applying the reaction brake 90.

For many installations, there may be a speed between the full speed of the gear section 22 and that at zero rotation of the ring gear 6 0 achieved full reduction should be desirable. To achieve this, the brake 90 is applied with a predetermined pressure applied, which allows the counter plates a revolution relative to the friction plates and thereby a revolution of the Sprocket, but allows at reduced speed.

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This mode is particularly effective in obtaining a smooth start for driving conveyors and others Machine systems where a quick start would exert a shock on the system, which under certain circumstances could seriously affect the system or cause irreparable damage. The system is accelerated by transmitting another force from the brake, 'What an even slower rotational movement of the ring gear 60 until the desired speed is achieved evokes.

If it is less than the full zero revolution of the ring gear, then the counter-plates set their revolution relative to the friction plates, while cooling fluid flows through opening 112 into the annular channel 10 is introduced and passed from there to the grooves of the part 95, which has a keyway connection with the inner edges of the friction plates 92 form. The coolant then flows out between the plates through grooves 122 and 124 and is discharged from the outer ends of the grooves, from where it drips into the tub of the housing. The continued flow of the Fluid through the grooves prevents the temperature in the plates from rising to the point where damage occurs may occur, thus allowing continued use of the reduction gear in any one selected speed up to full speed reduction, through the planetary gear

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cut box zero circulation dos ring gear is reached. if the brake is released, your η is the pressure of the on the cylinder 102 discharged flow agent is reduced, and the Springs 130 acting against the tabs 134 on the pins 132 release the package of friction and counter-plates, see above that the counter plates are free relative to the friction plates can rotate, and the ring gear can rotate freely without being hindered by the brake.

From the above it can be seen that the present speed change device provides a variable output speed that has a wide range of selected speeds by the output shaft, while the speed change! device can be driven by a motor at constant speed. The device can regardless of whether it is used for a preselected constant speed or not, for a soft one Start to be used effectively, a slow acceleration to avoid impacts exerted on the system to be driven allowed. The scope of the device can be changed by changing the gear ratio in the axially parallel gear section can be expanded, and this change can be made without significant or difficult Perform manipulations. Furthermore, although the device here with the axially parallel gear wheel section

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the drive side and the planetary gear section on the output side is shown, these two sections may also be reversed so that the planetary gear cut on the drive side of the device and the axially parallel Reduction gear would be arranged on the output side of the device.

While only one embodiment of the present speed change device has been described here in detail, various changes and modifications can be made can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

Expectations ^f / rj, speed change device, characterized by a housing, a main drive shaft and a main output shaft, an axially parallel gear section arranged in the housing with a revolving output element and one connected to the main drive shaft and with it revolving pinion, and by a planetary gear section arranged in the housing with a the rotating output element of the axially parallel gear section connected sun gear, a number of planet gears with a carrier connected to the main output shaft, one surrounding the planet gears and ... 12 Europaan Patent Attorneys Admitted to the European Patent Office Beuiaohe Bank AG Hamburg, No. OS / 28 497 (BLZ 20070000) Post check Hamburg 2. with them meshing ring gear, as well as one with the housing and the reaction brake connected to the ring gear to control the speed and torque of the main output shafts. ·. 2. Speed change! Device according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the reaction brake includes a number of annular friction and counter plates which alternate Are arranged side by side, as well as means for connecting the friction plates to the housing in a non-rotating position, Means for connecting the counter plates to the ring gear and a hydraulically operated piston to operate the brake by moving the friction and counter plates towards each other under pressure. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that in the connecting the friction plates to the housing Facilities channels for coolant and lubricant for the plates are provided in the areas of the inner edges of the plates and are connected to their contact surfaces. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the surfaces of the friction and counter plates contain grooves, which extend generally radially outward and intersect to form a generally rough ■■■: ■ "3330U7 ten-shaped web shape over the entire surface, the friction and Counter plates. 5 «Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the reaction brake arranged side by side in alternation, ring-shaped trained friction and counter plates contains, where-.bei the friction plates are connected to the housing and the counter plates are connected to the ring gear, while a hydraulic Piston pushes the plates towards each other to hinder the orbital movement of the ring gear. 6 = device according to claim 5, characterized in that a Channel arranged in the area of the edges of the friction and counter plates supplies the plates with cooling and lubricating fluid and generally radially extending grooves are provided in the surfaces of the plates to facilitate flow of fluid between the discs. T. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the grooves in the surfaces of each of the plates intersect one another and form a generally diamond-shaped web shape over the entire surfaces of the discs. ο Device according to claim 1, characterized by a first speed change section, one with this one Section connected drive shaft, one with this first 3330H7 Speed change section connected to the second speed change smooth section, one with the second speed change! section connected output shaft / wherein one of the sections is an axially parallel gear set and the other speed change section is a planetary gear set. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the first speed change gear set consists of an axially parallel gear set. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the second speed change section consists of one Planetary gear set consists of the first speed change section and is connected to the output shafts. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the planetary gear set has a ring gear u.nd one with the ring gear Connected reaction brake contains the ring-shaped of a number arranged alternately side by side formed friction and counter plates, and a fluid operated piston that holds the plates to control the speed of the ring gear moved towards each other under pressure. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized by a Planetary gear reduction gear with an installation consisting of a ring gear and reaction brake, which has a number Contains side by side alternately arranged, ring-shaped friction and counter plates, the Friction plates are held in a non-rotating position and the counter plates are rotatable and connected to the ring gear, while in the region of the inner edges of the plates Channels for a coolant and lubricant for the plates are arranged and connected to their contact surfaces and Grooves in the surfaces of the panels extend to their outer edges. 13 «Device according to claim 1 with a planetary gear reduction gear according to claim 12, characterized in that a fluid-actuated cylinder provides the friction and Counter plates to control the overturning movement of the ring gear presses towards each other and thereby the speed and * controls the torque of the output shaft. ο Device according to claim 1 with a planetary gear reduction gear according to claim 12, characterized in that the grooves in the faces of the plates are in each of the Surfaces overlap each other and form a diamond-shaped web pattern over the entire surface of the panels. 15. The device according to claim 1 with a planetary gear set according to claim 13, characterized in that the grooves in the faces of the plates are in each of the Surfaces overlap each other and create a diamond-shaped one Form a web pattern over the entire surface of the panels. 16. The device according to claim 1 with a planetary gear reduction gear according to claim 12, characterized in that the toothed ring has a lateral extension and a keyway device the backing plates and the extension of the ring gear connects to one another for common circulation. 17. The device according to claim 1 with a planetary gear reduction gear n "after claim 12, characterized in that the locking parts of the keyway device are relatively fit loosely to permit the brake assembly and the ring gear to be effectively adjusted with respect to one another. 18. reaction brake arrangement, characterized by ring-shaped formed friction and counter plates with radially extending friction surfaces on opposite sides of each Plate, as well as a series of spaced, generally radial ones running grooves in the friction surfaces of the friction plates, which intersect to form a pattern of diamond-shaped ridges over the entire friction surfaces. ^; !; ■■; '3330H7 - "7 _ - 19. Friction and counter plates according to claim 18, characterized in that that the grooves for receiving a coolant and lubricant from the area of the inner edge in the Area of the outer edge of each of the relevant. Plates extend.