DE3240944A1 - Process and plant for supplying heat to buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for supplying heat to buildings, a circulating heat carrier being heated with the waste heat of a thermal power station and being kept at a temperature level which corresponds to the temperature level of the cooling water in a thermal power plant which is optimised essentially as regards power operation; and also a plant for supplying heat to buildings with a duct system having at least one inflow duct and one return duct, in which system a heat carrier circulates, especially for the operation of such a process, the temperature level of the heat carrier in the inflow duct corresponding to the temperature level of the cooling water of a thermal power plant which is optimised essentially as regards power operation.

Description

Helmut Daliinga, era Utforter Graben 56, 4130 Moers 1

Process and system for supplying heat to buildings

The invention relates to a method for supplying heat to buildings, feasible in particular with a Plant with at least one supply line and one return line system, in which a The heat carrier circulates, with the method of heating the heat carrier with waste heat from a thermal power station will. . -

A method of the type described above and a System for carrying out such a process is known and is usually used as a district heating system

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Bremen / Bremen Office:

P.O. Box 107127
Hallerallee 32.D-2800 Bremen I
Telephone: (0421) * 349071
Facsimile / Telecopier: CCI'IT 2
Telegr. / Cables: Diagram I? .A
Telex: 244958 bopatd

Accounts Bremen:

Bremer Bank, Bremen

(BLZ 29080010) 100144900

Deutsche Bank, Bremen

(BLZ 29070050) 1112002

Bank for Community Economy, Munich

(BLZ 700101 H) 1790770200

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Munich Office / Munich Office inur i'airsmmui

P.O. Box / P.O. Box 220137 Schlotthauerstraßc 3, D-8000 Munich 22 Telephone: (089) 223311 telecop. / Telecop .: (089) 221569 CCITT 2 Telegr. / Cables: Forbopat Munich Telex: 524 282 forbo d

- signs . In such a known system, heat is extracted from a thermal power station or a heating station at a temperature level of greater than 90 ° C., usually at around 100 ° to 110 ° C.

About a circulating in the system heat transfer, the z. B. decoupled from a thermal power station Heat through the flow line to the individual with Heat is transported to the buildings to be supplied. In the case of the individual buildings, heat is then again generated accordingly the heat demand of the individual buildings is decoupled from the circulating heat transfer medium. To close the System, the heat transfer medium is returned to the thermal power plant or the heating plant through the return line.

The previously described method for supplying heat is not afflicted with disadvantages in several respects. First of all, it follows that at a flow temperature of the heat transfer medium of approx. 110 ° C, the flow line a system operating according to the known method must be relatively strongly insulated. This leads on the one hand relatively high investment costs for such a system, on the other hand occur despite the insulation measures when transporting the heat from a thermal power plant or a heating plant to those to be supplied with heat Buildings have relatively large heat losses that cannot be avoided.

In addition, the extraction of heat z. B. off a thermal power plant at a temperature level of

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about 110 ° C associated with the disadvantage that the energy content of the used in the thermal power station Fuel is not converted into electricity in an optimal way. This is a disadvantage in a heating plant even more pronounced, since the energy content of the fuel used there is only used for Generating heat at a relatively low level is used.

Based on the prior art explained above The present invention is based on the object of specifying a method for supplying heat to buildings which results in an overall relatively low fuel consumption leads and at the same time the investment costs of a plant, which according to this method operated are relatively low.

The object indicated above is achieved according to the invention in that the heat transfer medium is at a temperature level is kept that the temperature level of the cooling water a substantially related to power operation optimized thermal power plant.

The present invention therefore provides a method for supplying heat to buildings in which with a relatively low flow temperature, for example about 30 °.

According to a further teaching of the present invention, in the method according to the invention in the war

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raeträger the cooling water heat of a regarding power operation optimized thermal power plant.

In the method according to the invention, for example heat is extracted from the cooling water from a thermal power station when it exits the condenser, without that the condenser pressure is to be increased for this heat extraction. The normal, on power operation optimized thermal power plant in the cooling water after exiting the condenser, the heat usually contained Is released into the environment via wet or dry cooling systems, according to the method according to the invention made usable for the heat supply of buildings.

Another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is directed as a heat transfer medium to use the cooling water of a thermal power plant and the cooling water in the buildings initially as lower temperature storage tank for a heat pump and then the cooling water (cooled in the heat pump) to be used at least partially as service water. According to the invention, the usual strict one Separation between heat and water supply, especially service water supply, overcome and as Cooling water serving as heat transfer medium is not only used as a heat transfer medium.

The method according to the invention is therefore initially with associated with the advantage that the heat transport at

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a very low temperature level can be carried out and the supply line of a corresponding system needs little or no insulation. The utilization of the heat carrier, that is to say in particular of the cooling water, which is also provided according to the invention from thermal power plants, for domestic water purposes represents an economically particularly sensible one (Lifting) use of the heat transfer medium.

The splitting of the water requirements of buildings into water requirements with drinking water quality, which has been required for a long time and Viasser requirement without drinking water quality is with the method according to the invention in easily practicable.

The cooling water serving as a heat transfer medium represents water in service water quality that is intended for the intended use Heat supply must be transported to the individual buildings anyway. After the heat carrier Heat has been extracted by a heat pump located in a building, at least one Part of the heat transfer medium in a simple manner to the domestic water consumers located in the building be forwarded.

Another preferred teaching of the present invention, which also has an independent meaning, relates to a system for supplying heat to buildings with at least one supply and one return line having piping system in which a war-

nieträger circulates, wherein the system can be operated in particular according to the method described above is.

In a known system, for example a system for the district heating supply of buildings, the Heat transfer medium in the flow line, as above executed, a relatively high temperature level. The relatively high temperature level of the heat transfer medium in The flow line is, as also already mentioned above, a determining factor in the fact that the known Plant with relatively high investment costs because of the necessary insulation of the supply line connected is.

The teaching also given with the present invention for a system for supplying heat to buildings is therefore based on the task of specifying a system that provides heat to the in question Art with lower investment costs.

The previously given object is first and foremost achieved in that the temperature level of the heat transfer medium in the flow line the temperature level of the cooling water of a thermal power plant that is essentially optimized in terms of power operation.

A system according to the invention therefore only has one To transport heat carriers at a relatively low temperature level, so on an insulation

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can largely be dispensed with.

As already mentioned above with regard to the inventive The method can be carried out, the circulating heat transfer medium in the system with waste heat from a thermal power station be applied. Furthermore, in a preferred configuration of the system, it is provided that the heat transfer medium can be acted upon with the cooling water heat of a thermal power plant.

According to another teaching, the present invention if the system for supplying heat to the building has a heat pump whose lower temperature level is through the temperature level of the flow line is specified. The heat pump is preferably in a building installed and is connected to the heat pump via an intermediate line between the flow line and the Heat pump supplied to the heat transfer medium.

The system according to the invention can in principle many buildings include. At least one heat pump is installed in every building, each with a Intermediate line is connected to the flow line of the system. Of course there is also one Conceivable heat pump control center that supplies a number of buildings or a large building complex centrally.

After the heat transfer medium has passed through the heat pump, so after the heat pump is in operation

BÜEHMim & L (JEHMEKT .. 32 409 A4

heat transfer medium has been withdrawn, the heat transfer medium via a return line in the return line fed back into the system.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the return line of the system according to the invention is in essentially laid in the ground and not isolated.

Since, according to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention or the inventive System as a heat transfer medium is to be fed directly cooling water from a power plant, which the The cooling water circuit of the thermal power plant is preferably taken after exiting a condenser, should the cooling water as much as possible its heat when passing through the system according to the invention in order to be used in the thermal power station for condensation purposes or the like.

By laying a non-insulated return line in the ground, the heat transfer medium can easily give off more excess heat to the ground. The return line is therefore preferably also provided at least partially designed as a heat exchanger, namely as a water / soil heat exchanger. Around To achieve the largest possible heat-emitting surface, it is advantageous to use the water / soil heat exchanger to be executed with lamellas.

The system according to the invention for carrying out the

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The method according to the invention is also preferred designed so that the heat transfer medium, which is preferably the cooling water of a thermal power station, is used to supply industrial water can be found in the annex. The heat transfer medium is expediently used for the domestic water supply taken from the return line. For removing the heat transfer medium from the return line is the return line with at least one branch line provided, which leads to one or more domestic water consumers in each building.

It has been found to be particularly useful to use the heat transfer medium directly for domestic water purposes to be taken after passing through the heat pump located in a building.

After passing through the domestic water consumers, it is provided that the amount of heat transfer medium removed from the system is fed into sewer pipes in a conventional manner. The sewer lines are in otherwise not in connection with the system according to the invention, special lead the wastewater in a known manner in sewage works or the like ..

To compensate for the taken for domestic water purposes Heat transfer amount is provided that the invention System is refillable. The removal of a partial amount of the heat transfer medium for domestic water purposes must therefore do not lead to a decrease in the total amount of circulating heat transfer medium.

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'As stated above, there is a preferred one Embodiment of the invention is such that cooling water from the cooling water circuit is fed directly into the system of a thermal power plant. At the same time, however, it can also be expedient to use only the cooling water To extract heat and transfer it to the heat transfer medium circulating in the system. For example in a nuclear power plant whose cooling water is not in in any case can be transported through the system according to the invention for safety reasons and in particular cannot always be used for domestic water purposes.

The method according to the invention as well as that according to the invention Plant is not limited to the cooling water or the cooling water heat of a thermal power plant to utilize. Rather, depending on the size of the system and its expediency, several thermal power plants can be used Release cooling water and / or waste heat to the system according to the invention. Furthermore can also Industrial companies must be involved in the process or in the system. Basically it can be from an industrial company Both heat are coupled into the system as well as the "heat" or the low temperature level of the heat transfer medium circulating in the system can be made usable. When the low temperature level des in the system circulating heat carrier is made available for cooling purposes in industrial operations, the Industrial operation emits heat, the heat

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exchange with the heat transfer medium circulating in the system preferably carried out in the flow line, but in any case before the heat transfer medium flows through a water / soil heat exchanger.

In particular in the case of a heat exchange between a heat transfer medium assigned to an industrial company and the heat transfer medium circulating in the system according to the invention, it is particularly expedient to have a heat ' to provide exchanger, as described in patent application P 32 15 581.6. The Book of Revelation the aforementioned patent application is hereby fully incorporated into the present patent application.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the subclaims.

The invention is illustrated below by means of one. Exemplary embodiment with reference to a drawing further explained. The only figure of the drawing shows an embodiment of the system according to the invention.

The system, designated as a whole by 1, initially has a flow line 2 and a return line 10. The flow line 2 is directly connected to the cooling water outlet from a condenser of a Thermal power plant optimized for power operation 3. Furthermore, in the circulating in the flow line Heat transfer medium via a heat exchanger 16 waste heat from another thermal power plant 4 is coupled in

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The circuit representation of the heat or cooling water extraction from the thermal power plant 3 or 4 is of course a very simplified representation. A possibly additionally available one is not shown Cooling tower or the like

The heat transfer medium is led to a building 5 or 6 through the flow line 2. Inside the building 5 and 6 heat pumps 7 and 8 are provided, which are connected to the flow line 2 via an intermediate line 9 in Are connected via the intermediate line 9 is the Heat pump 7 or 8 of the heat transfer medium, so in the illustrated embodiment, the cooling water of the Thermal power station 1, can be supplied. In the heat pump 7 or 8, heat is extracted from the heat transfer medium, with the help of the heat pump to a higher temperature level that is sufficient for heating purposes and then "transformed" into the Heat exchange to a further heat transfer circuit that is not connected to the system according to the invention transfer.

After passing through the heat pump 7 or 8, the heat transfer medium is back into the via a return line 11 Plant can be fed in.

Furthermore, according to the invention, there is a stub line 13 or 14 are provided, which connects the return line 10 with domestic water consumers in the building 5 and 6, respectively.

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Through this branch line 13 or 14, a subset of the heat transfer medium for domestic water purposes from the Can be removed from the system. The partial amount of the heat carrier used as domestic water is after passage by the domestic water consumers in a known manner via a sewer line 15 of a conventional one Sewage treatment plant or the like. Supplied.

Instead of the branch line 13 or 14, the heat transfer medium can also be taken directly after passage through the heat pump 7 or 8, which is shown in the drawing is indicated by a dashed line.

In the system according to the invention is also in the Return line 10, a water / soil heat exchanger 12 is provided. The inventively provided Water / soil heat exchanger 12 thus enables further cooling of the heat transfer medium, so that the Cooling water of the thermal power station 3 in the illustrated embodiment when re-entering the thermal power station 3 has largely cooled down.

The system according to the invention shown in the drawing can, for. B. at a temperature of the heat carrier of 30 °, which is the temperature of the exiting from the condenser of a thermal power station 3, for example Cooling water flow corresponds to be operated. In buildings 5 and 6, this temperature can des Heat transfer medium are "stepped up" by the heat pump 7 or 8, for example to 60 ° or 70 ° C

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and ζ. B. can be used in the building for Ileizzwecken be made. The amount of heat transfer medium leaving the heat pump, the heat in the heat pump has been withdrawn, for example, have a temperature of 20 ° C.

It can be seen that the system shown is also expanded to include additional heat sources or heat sinks can be. For example, further thermal power plants can be connected to the system. Likewise, industrial companies can also be integrated into the system, in particular in such a way that they transfer waste heat in the heat exchange to the heat transfer medium circulating in the system.

For example, from an industrial company 17, heat can be transferred to the in the plant via a heat exchanger 18 circulating heat transfer medium are transferred. The heat exchanger 18 is preferably used as a heat exchanger be executed according to the patent application P 32 15 581.6, since with such a heat exchanger in In any case, material contact between the heat carriers exchanging heat in the heat exchanger can be avoided is.

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Reference symbol! Iste

1 plant 1 2 supply line 2 3 thermal power plant 3 4 thermal power plant 4th 5 buildings 5 6 buildings 6th 7 heat pump 7th 8 heat pump 8th 9 Intermediate line 9 10 return line 10 11 return line 11th 12 water / soil heat exchangers 12th 13 branch line 13th 14 branch line 14th 15 sewer pipe 15th 16 heat exchangers (for 3 or 4) 16 17 Industrial enterprise 17th 18 heat exchangers {for 17) 18th

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Claims (27)

Expectations J Process for supplying heat to buildings through V
feasible, in particular with a system according to one of claims 4 to 27, in which a circulating heat transfer medium is heated with waste heat from a thermal power plant, characterized in that the heat transfer medium is kept at a temperature level which is essentially optimized for the temperature level of the cooling water in a power plant Thermal power station. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the cooling water heat of a respective power plant optimized thermal power plant is coupled into the heat transfer medium will. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cooling water directly as the heat carrier a thermal power station is used that the BATH ORIGINAL Cooling water in the buildings initially as a lower temperature storage tank for a heat pump and subsequently the cooling water (cooled in the heat pump) at least is partially used as service water. 4. System for supplying heat to buildings with at least one supply line and one return line Line system in which a heat carrier circulates, the system in particular according to one of the Method according to one of claims 1 to 3 can be operated, characterized in that the temperature level of the heat carrier in the flow line (2) the temperature level of the cooling water of a substantially with regard to power operation optimized thermal power plant (3, 4) corresponds. 5. Plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the temperature level of the cooling water is less than 50 ° C is. 6. Plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the cooling water has a temperature level of about 30 ° C . 7. Plant according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the heat transfer medium with waste heat the thermal power plant (3, 4) is to be applied. 8. Plant according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the heat transfer medium with cooling water ORIGINAL BATHROOM BOKHMHRT & BOEHMERT 3 2409 A4 heat of the thermal power station (3, 4) can be acted upon. 9. Plant according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized characterized in that a heat pump (7, 8} is provided for the heat supply of the building (5, 6), whose The lower temperature level is given by the temperature level of the flow line (2). 10. Plant according to claim 9, characterized in that that the heat pump (7, 8) is installed in the building (5, 6), and that an intermediate line (9) between the flow line (2) and the heat pump (7, 8) is provided and the heat transfer medium of the heat pump (7, 8) can be supplied via the intermediate line (9). 11. Plant according to claim 10, characterized in that between the heat pump (7, 8) and the return line (10) a return line (11) is provided, and that the heat transfer medium after passage through a heat pump (7, 8) and heat dissipation in the heat pump (7, 8) via the return line (11) into the return line (10) is feedable. 12. Plant according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the return line (10) is laid essentially in the ground and is not insulated. 13. Plant according to claim 12, characterized in that that the return line (10) at least partially as Heat exchanger is executed. BOCHMFKT- & 3OtHM £ RT - ϊβ - 14. Plant according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the return line (10) at least partially designed as a water / soil heat exchanger (12) is. 15. / insert according to claim 14, characterized in that that the water / Drdreich heat exchanger (12) is equipped with lamellae is. 16. Plant according to one of claims 4 to 15, characterized in that water is provided as the heat carrier is. 17. Plant according to claim 16, characterized in that the heat transfer medium is used simultaneously for the service water supply is usable. 18. / \ nlage according to claim 17, characterized in that that the heat transfer medium for the domestic water supply can be found in the return line (10). 19. Plant according to claim 18, characterized in that the return line (13, 14) with at least one Branch line (13, 14) is provided and that the domestic water consumers in the building (5, 6) via stub lines (13, 14) with the serving water Heat transfer medium are supplied. 20. System according to one of claims 18 or 19, there- BATH ORIGINAL characterized in that the heat transfer medium after passing through the domestic water consumers in conventional Way can be fed into a sewer pipe (15) not connected to the system. 21. Plant according to one of claims 17 to 20, dadurcli characterized in that the system is used to compensate for the amount of heat transfer medium removed for domestic water purposes refillable with a corresponding amount of heat transfer medium. 22. Plant according to one of claims 4 to 21, characterized in that in the flow line (2) the Cooling water of the thermal power station (3, 4) can be fed directly. 23. Plant according to one of claims 4 to 21, characterized in that the through the flow line (2) flowing heat carrier cooling water heat of the thermal power plant (3, 4) is to be supplied via a heat exchanger (16). 24. Plant according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that that the system with several thermal power plants (3, 4) on the cooling water side of the thermal power plants (3, 4) is connected. 25. Plant according to claim 24, characterized in that, on the one hand, cooling water is partially directly from at least one thermal power plant (3, 4) in the flow line (2) can be fed in, and that on the other hand, partially HOIiHMEKT & 3OFHMEFrF ^? Λ Π 9 Λ Λ 6 wise a heat exchange between the cooling water at least one thermal power station (3, 4) and the heat transfer medium flowing in the flow line (2) can be carried out is. 26. Plant according to one of claims 4 to 25, characterized in that in the return line (10) and / or the flow line (2) heat from at least one industrial plant (17) via a heat exchanger (18) can be coupled in or out. 27. Plant according to one of claims 4 to 25, characterized in that for the heat transfer to the Heat transfer medium in the supply or return line in particular in cases in which there is a strict separation of the heat carriers carried in the heat exchangers (16, 18) care should be taken that a heat exchanger described in patent application P 32 15 581.6 is provided.