DE29924121U1 - Deep drilling - Google Patents

Description

Description Deep drilling device

The invention relates to a deep drilling device for drilling holes in workpieces, in particular crankshafts, wherein the holes can be made at different positions and/or in different orientations relative to a workpiece longitudinal axis.

As is well known, crankshafts for combustion engines of aircraft or land vehicles, ships or stationary equipment are often provided with a large number of holes that are located in different positions and/or in different orientations relative to the crankshaft's longitudinal axis and can serve as oil holes, for example. In the mass production of such workpieces, transfer lines with several work stations are often used, with one or more holes of a specific orientation and position being made in the workpiece in each work station. Converting such transfer lines to manufacture workpieces in which the holes are located differently in terms of orientation and/or position is complicated, time-consuming and expensive. There has therefore long been a desire for more flexible inserts, particularly for the production of smaller series.

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directions, which are preferably also more economical in terms of their space requirements than transfer lines.

Devices are already known which allow the crankshaft to be rotated about its longitudinal axis and the longitudinal axis to be pivoted in order to enable the drilling of differently aligned and/or positioned holes in a specially designed deep drilling device. A device of this type, which provides for the crankshaft to be rotated about its longitudinal axis and pivoted on one side from a horizontal base position about a horizontal tilting axis in order to enable holes to be drilled in different alignments and/or positions, is shown, for example, in the international patent application WO 96/33043. The design of this system is complex and it is of considerable size. It is difficult to handle.

The invention is based on the object of creating a deep drilling device of the type mentioned at the beginning, which allows a high throughput of workpieces to be machined with little maintenance effort and high operational reliability. In particular, the deep drilling device should be particularly inexpensive and clear and the handling should be ergonomically favorable.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a deep drilling device having the features of claim 1.

A deep drilling device according to the invention has two functional units, each of which can be constructed very simply and clearly and work together in a practical manner. The functional units can be mounted on a common machine frame or, in particular in systems for larger workpieces, on two separate machine frames. A deep drilling unit has at least one headstock with at least one work spindle that can be rotated about a horizontal spindle axis (Z axis) by a spindle drive for receiving a deep drilling tool that can be moved parallel to the spindle axis (in the Z direction).

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A workpiece holding unit separate from the deep drilling unit has a first sub-device for holding at least one workpiece and for rotating the workpiece about the workpiece's longitudinal axis (α-axis). A second sub-device serves to rotate the workpiece, in particular the first sub-device, about a rotation axis (B-axis) aligned perpendicular to the workpiece's longitudinal axis. The workpiece holding unit thus contains all the functions required for pivoting the workpiece, whereby different circumferential sections of the workpiece can be turned towards the deep drilling tool by rotations about the α-axis and different tilt angles of the holes relative to the workpiece's longitudinal axis can be set by rotations about the B-axis. In systems for larger workpieces in particular, in order to avoid excessively large axial movements, the tool-carrying parts of the deep drilling unit can also be designed to be pivotable about a vertical axis (B2-axis).

Furthermore, first, second and third positioning devices are provided for the relative displacement of the workpiece and the deep drilling tool in order to enable parallel displacements between the workpiece and the deep drilling tool with respect to orthogonal axes. The first positioning device causes displacements parallel to a horizontal first axis (X-axis), whereby these displacements serve to create holes at different positions along the longitudinal axis of the horizontally held workpiece. The X-axis is usually perpendicular to the spindle axis, but can also, e.g.

in versions with a horizontally pivotable spindle axis, generally run transversely to it. The displacements possible by means of the second positioning device parallel to a vertical second axis (Y-axis) perpendicular to the spindle axis can be used to adjust a lateral offset of a hole relative to the workpiece's longitudinal axis. The displacements possible by means of the third positioning device parallel to a third axis (W-axis) can be used to change the distance between the workpiece and the deep drilling tool, for example before the drilling process.

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to bring the deep drilling tool or any existing tool guide of the tool into contact with the workpiece surface facing the tool. The W-axis usually runs parallel to the spindle axis, but can also generally run at an acute angle to it, e.g. in versions with a horizontally pivoting spindle axis.

Since through holes are also usually to be made, deep drilling devices according to the invention are provided with at least one sealing device for sealing the passage points of deep drilling tools when drilling the workpiece. This passage point is located on the side of the workpiece facing away from the deep drilling tool or the headstock. This can prevent the coolant, mixed with drilling chips, from spraying out on the side facing away from the tool when the drill breaks through, contaminating the device and possibly causing the drill to run dry, which could lead to premature wear of the drill. This can avoid machine downtimes for cleaning purposes and enables reliable continuous operation.

A particularly reliable seal is possible in a further development in that a sealing device which is intended to seal an axial workpiece section, for example a main bearing or a pin bearing, has at least one sealing shell which can be pressed onto a workpiece surface over a peripheral section in the sealing section, whereby a large-area seal can be achieved which can also withstand high drilling oil pressures. The sealing shell can be made of plastic on the side facing the workpiece, into which drilling can be carried out. Preferably, several sealing shells are provided per sealing section, whereby a gap-free seal can be achieved in the circumferential direction, which practically only leaves the entry area of the tool free.
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A particularly high level of flexibility and good adaptability to different crankshaft geometries can be achieved by using sealing devices

Sealing sections for different diameters and/or axial lengths can be interchangeably attached to the workpiece carrier device, whereby the attachment can preferably take place at any point in the axial direction. This is possible, for example, by designing sealing devices in such a way that they can be suspended from and locked into holding profiles parallel to the workpiece's longitudinal axis.

Preferably, the headstock is part of a tool carrier device which, as a further element, has a tool guide device arranged axially offset to the headstock for guiding the deep drilling tool and an associated tool displacement device for moving the deep drilling tool relative to the tool guide device parallel to the spindle axis.

It is particularly advantageous if the first sub-device is designed to hold at least one workpiece with a horizontal workpiece longitudinal axis and to rotate the workpiece about this horizontal axis (α-axis). At the same time, it is expedient for the second sub-device to be designed to rotate the workpiece about a vertically aligned axis of rotation (B-axis). This structure, in which the workpiece is always aligned essentially horizontally with its workpiece longitudinal axis regardless of the angle of rotation about the vertical B-axis, has numerous major advantages. For example, a standard deep drilling unit can be used as the deep drilling unit, which already contains the first and second positioning devices for displacement in the X-direction and Y-direction. If necessary, existing deep drilling units with the option of pivoting the spindle axis about a vertical B2 axis can also be used. The workpiece holding unit can be constructed using a rotary table, which is usually present in modern deep drilling centers anyway and can be used as part of the second sub-device to rotate the workpiece about the B-axis. The rotary table can be moved horizontally parallel or at an acute angle to the spindle axis in order to allow a change in the distance between the workpiece and the deep drilling unit. The basic structure of such systems can therefore be largely designed cost-effectively under

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Use of appropriately combined, existing sub-systems.

Because the workpieces are held exclusively horizontally, a relatively compact or compact structure in the vertical direction without high-projecting parts is possible, which reduces the system's susceptibility to vibration and thus increases drilling accuracy. If multiple machining is required, for example in which two or more crankshafts are machined in the same way at the same time, the workpieces can be conveniently arranged one above the other. For loading and unloading, the workpiece holding unit can be rotated or moved into a loading position using the second sub-device, in which the workpiece longitudinal axes are, for example, approximately parallel to the spindle axis and in which convenient lateral loading and unloading in a horizontal direction is possible. On the one hand, these processes can be automated particularly easily using appropriate loading and unloading units. In particular, these processes can also be carried out conveniently manually, since the possibly heavy and long crankshafts etc. only have to be held horizontally and do not have to be upright or tilted. This significantly improves ergonomics compared to known systems.

The horizontal mounting of the workpieces also makes it easy to swivel them in two opposing horizontal directions in relation to the direction of the spindle axis. Starting from a basic position in which the spindle axis is perpendicular to the workpiece's longitudinal axis and in which, for example, radially aligned holes can be drilled, the holes can be tilted to both longitudinal ends of the workpieces easily. This means that the workpieces do not need to be re-clamped, which is necessary with conventional devices, which enables significant increases in productivity.

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Although it is possible to design the third positioning device for changing the distance between the deep drilling unit and the workpiece holding unit, for example, as a linear guide of the deep drilling unit, in a preferred embodiment the third positioning device is assigned to the workpiece holding unit. It can have a third linear guide device aligned parallel to the spindle axis or to the basic spindle axis alignment for guiding the workpiece holding unit relative to the machine frame of the deep drilling device. A simple structure of the deep drilling unit can then be used, which only has guide devices in the X direction and Y direction, but not for displacing the tool carrier device as a whole essentially parallel to the spindle axis. Within the scope of the invention it is also possible to assign the first and/or the second positioning device to the workpiece holding device, for example by providing corresponding linear guides for the horizontal transverse displacement of the rotary table perpendicular to the spindle axis and/or for the vertical displacement perpendicular to the spindle axis.

A further development is characterized by the fact that the deep drilling unit has a device for rotating the spindle axis or a preferably existing tool carrier device about a vertical axis of rotation (B 1 axis). The horizontal pivoting of the deep drilling tools and the components supporting them that is possible as a result is particularly advantageous when holes that are tilted strongly against the workpiece's longitudinal axis are to be drilled, since both the workpieces and the tools can be pivoted to set the required inclinations, so that extreme rotational positions of the workpiece carrier can be avoided.

In order to be able to adapt the preferably provided tool guides, usually referred to as drill bushings, to the respective workpiece or crankshaft contours and/or to be able to adapt them to different drilling tool diameters, a tool guide changing device for the automatic exchange of tool guides can be installed on the tool

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guide unit. A pickup magazine or a disk or chain magazine of the tool guide changing device can be assigned to the workpiece holding unit and in particular can be arranged firmly on it and can therefore be moved with it, for example parallel to the spindle axis. This makes it possible to change the drill bushing when the tool guide device is immobile in the direction of the spindle axis, in that the tool guide device and the tool guide changing device can be aligned axially with one another and then brought together by moving the workpiece holding unit to change the drill bushing.

It is also possible to provide movable, in particular linearly movable groups of tool guides or drill bushings on the tool guide device, which can be arranged on a common carrier, for example. To change the drill bushings, it is then sufficient to move the carrier so that the desired drill bushings are arranged in the area of the spindle axis. A preferred triple linear changer for a two-spindle device is described in more detail in the embodiments.

A tool changing device for automatically replacing and removing deep drilling tools is also expediently provided on the work spindle. The tool changing unit can be permanently attached to the machine frame of the deep drilling device, for example in the form of a pick-up magazine for tools. After appropriate axial alignment of the headstock and magazine, for example by moving the tool carrier device in the X direction, the tool can be changed by moving the headstock in the direction of the spindle axis. The tool guide changing devices and the tool changing device are expediently designed and arranged in such a way that deep drilling tools and associated tool guides can be exchanged at the same time, for which purpose the devices can be arranged at an appropriate axial distance and at an appropriate height.

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When drilling, particularly oblique holes, narrow material burrs can form at the transition between the hole and the workpiece surface, which can be so brittle, particularly after crankshafts have been hardened, that they can break off from the crankshaft during operation. This could cause significant engine damage. To avoid this risk, it is therefore advisable to rework the entry and exit areas of holes, e.g. by countersinking, which is usually done in separate countersinking stations. Preferred deep drilling devices of the invention, on the other hand, are characterized by the fact that they have an integrated hole finishing device for machining the end areas, i.e. the entry areas and/or exit areas of holes on the workpiece surface. Separate countersinking stations can thus be dispensed with and the numerical specifications for the hole can also be used for the finishing of the hole end areas. This increases productivity. The term "countersinking" in devices according to the invention includes not only conventional countersinking with a countersinking tool whose tip diameter is larger than the bore diameter, but also the use of circular milling cutters which, for example, run along the curved, elliptical edge area of inclined bores in the circumferential direction and deburr them in the process. It is preferably provided that the bore finishing device has at least one countersinking sleeve with at least one countersinking tool which can be moved parallel to the spindle axis and which can preferably be driven by its own drive. The countersinking sleeve can be firmly connected to a tool guide carrier or drill bushing carrier and/or can be moved with it transversely to the spindle axis. To avoid mutual interference between the drill bushing and countersinking device, it can be offset in both the horizontal and vertical directions relative to the associated drill bushing. The countersinking sleeve moves the countersinking tool from the waiting position outside the collision area into the working position (on the workpiece). The machining feed of the countersinking tool takes place by moving the workpiece along the W axis.

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For cases in which it is desired to close a manufactured through-hole on one side, a hole closure device can also be provided, which is preferably designed in such a way that firstly, for example by a drilling process with a larger drilling tool, a diameter expansion of limited depth of a hole end section is created, then a preferably spherical, metallic closure body is inserted into the diameter expansion and then the closure body is fixed in the diameter expansion by, for example, plastically deforming the material of the workpiece surrounding the ball in a chiseling process while clamping the ball.

It is known that the drilling aids used in deep drilling can be harmful if they are carried over to subsequent work stations after processing. Cleaning of the finished workpieces is therefore expedient and is usually carried out in separate cleaning stations. A preferred development is characterized by the fact that it has an integrated cleaning device for removing solid and liquid processing residues from the workpieces. Cleaning without external cleaning agents such as liquid detergents or the like has proven to be particularly expedient. The cleaning device is preferably designed as a centrifugal device in which cleaning can be carried out without aids using centrifugal forces. The rotary drive, which is provided for rotating the workpieces about their longitudinal axis, can expediently be designed in such a way that rotational speeds of, for example, more than 500 revolutions per minute, in particular between approximately 800 revolutions per minute and approximately 1,700 revolutions per minute, can be carried out. Workpieces cleaned dry in this way are usually largely free of chips and have at most a very thin residual film of drilling oil, which is not harmful in subsequent equipment.

To increase the productivity of the deep drilling device, a preferred embodiment provides that the workpiece holding unit is designed for simultaneous

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designed to accommodate several, in particular two, workpieces that can be machined simultaneously, which can preferably be arranged one above the other with their axes parallel. Preferably, a separate, separately controllable rotary drive is provided for each workpiece. In particular, the structure can be modular, whereby a completely and independently functional module can be provided for each workpiece, which has a rotary drive, clamping means, if necessary auxiliary clamping devices and if necessary sealing devices and the like.

Accordingly, an associated headstock can have several, in particular two, work spindles arranged one above the other parallel to the axis, or several headstocks arranged one above the other can be provided. A corresponding tool guide device can have several, in particular two, four, six or eight, etc., tool guides arranged one above the other parallel to the axis. The practical arrangement of the workpieces, drill bushings, tools and spindles one above the other during multiple machining makes it easy to increase the productivity of the device without having to change its horizontal dimensions compared to individual machining devices or having to build up the existing installation space on the machine frame.

Further features and details of the invention emerge from the following description of a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the drawings and the subclaims. The individual features can be implemented individually or in combination with one another in an embodiment. An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and explained in more detail below. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of a

deep drilling device according to the invention,

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Fig. 2 is a plan view of the deep drilling device of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a front view of the deep drilling device according to Figs. 1 and 2,

Fig. 4 is a plan view of another deep drilling device with separate

machine frames for deep drilling unit and workpiece holding unit,

Fig. 5 is a side view of the embodiment in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6 is an oblique perspective partial view of a preferred embodiment of a tool carrier device with a triple linear drill bush changer and an integrated countersinking device with countersinking sleeves in combination with a preferred embodiment of a workpiece holding unit with separately drivable

Rotating devices for crankshafts as well as devices for adjusting the crankshafts and for sealing bores,

Fig. 7 is a side view of a replaceable sealing device, which

can be attached to the workpiece holding unit as shown in Fig. 6 and

Fig. 8 is a side view of a device which can be exchangeably attached to the workpiece holding unit according to Fig. 6 for the radial alignment of crankshafts before clamping in the work

piece holding unit according to Fig. 6.

The embodiment of a deep drilling device 1 according to the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 3 is based on a standard deep drilling center in which a deep drilling unit 3 is attached to the top of a machine bed 2. This has a first positioning device 4 with a cross slide 5, which is guided in a sliding manner on two axially parallel linear guide rails 6 and

can be moved parallel to a horizontal first axis 8 (X-axis) by means of a first NC drive motor (not shown) via a first spindle drive 7.

A column 9 rises on the cross slide with a pair of vertically aligned, axis-parallel linear guide rails 10 on which a tool carrier device 11 is guided so as to be vertically movable. An NC motor arranged on the top of the column, e.g. a servo motor 12, whose motor axis runs parallel to the axes of the linear guides 10 and which acts on the rear of the tool carrier device 11 via a vertical second spindle drive 13 arranged between the guide rails 10, is used to raise and lower the tool carrier device 11. This creates a simply constructed second positioning device 14 for vertically displacing the tool carrier device 11 parallel to a vertical second axis 15, which is referred to as the Y axis.

The tool carrier device 11 comprises a horizontally elongated carrier 18 in the form of a vertical plate, on the rear side of which facing the stand, guide elements 19 for engaging the linear guides 10 and a spindle nut 20 for interacting with the vertical second spindle 13 are attached. On the opposite front side, a linear guide with two axially parallel guide rails 21 runs in the horizontal direction, on which a headstock 22 is guided in a linearly movable manner. To move the headstock along the linear guide 21 parallel to the horizontal Z-axis 28, a further NC servo motor 24 is provided, which engages a threaded drive nut on the underside of the headstock via a horizontal threaded spindle 25.

In the headstock 22, two axially parallel working spindles 26 are arranged one above the other at a distance, with a separately controllable, electromotive spindle drive 27 being provided for each of the working spindles on the headstock for rotating the working spindle about a horizontal spindle axis 30.

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Each of the working spindles has a keyless chuck on the side facing away from the drive for holding a deep drilling tool 32. There are also versions with only one spindle or with more than two spindles.

In the operating position of the deep drilling device shown, no deep drilling tools are clamped in. Some deep drilling tools are arranged one above the other, parallel to the axis, in a change magazine 33, explained later, which is arranged laterally next to the tool carrier device on a vertical carrier plate at the edge of the machine bed.

To guide the deep drilling tools clamped in the respective work spindles before, during and after a drilling process, a tool guide device 35 is provided which is firmly attached to the carrier plate 18 at the end opposite the feed drive 24 and has a drill bushing carrier 36 for receiving exchangeable drill bushings or tool guides 37.

The described preferred deep drilling unit makes it possible to move the tools parallel to the X-axis or Y-axis to take up a machining position perpendicular to the tool's longitudinal axis by moving the tools at right angles to each other. Furthermore, by moving the headstock towards the tool guide device 35 or away from it, an axial displacement of the tool in the Z-axis direction is possible. This working feed of the deep drilling tool is possible without having to move larger masses of the deep drilling unit, for example the tool carrier device as a whole. The machining feed is carried out by linear displacement of the headstock, i.e. by a Z-axis 28 assigned to the tool.

To hold the workpieces to be drilled and to align them correctly with respect to the tool or spindle axis, a workpiece holding unit 40 is provided, which in the example shown comprises two crankshafts 41

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whose longitudinal axes 42 are aligned horizontally parallel to one another. The workpiece holding unit essentially has two functionally interacting sub-devices. A first sub-device 43 serves to hold the workpieces with a horizontally aligned workpiece longitudinal axis and to rotate the workpieces about the workpiece longitudinal axis, also referred to as the α-axis. In the example shown, the crankshafts 41 are accommodated in chucks 44, which can be rotated by a swivel drive 45, e.g. via a toothed belt 46 or a chain or a spur gear. A separate drive, which can be controlled independently of the other motor, is provided for each crankshaft. On the opposite side, the workpieces can be mounted on centers or in chucks. The elements described are attached to a carrier 47 with an L-shaped cross section on the vertical leg thereof. The carrier is attached to a rotary table 50, which can be clearly seen in Fig. 3 and which is part of a second sub-device of the workpiece holding unit and can be rotated about a vertical axis of rotation 49, hereinafter also referred to as the B axis. By using a rotary table of a deep drilling device, which may already be present, conventional deep drilling devices can be upgraded in a practical and cost-effective manner to a deep drilling device according to the invention by attaching a suitable first sub-device to the rotary table.

The rotary table can be moved by means of a third positioning device 51 parallel to a third axis or W axis 48, which is aligned parallel to the spindle axis 30. For this purpose, the rotary table is arranged on a third linear guide device 52, which comprises two guide rails 53 fastened to the machine bed, arranged horizontally parallel to one another, on which the rotary table lower part is guided so as to be movable in a straight line. To move the crankshaft clamping device in the W direction, a drive motor 54 is provided, which rotates a threaded spindle 55 on which a nut fastened to the underside of the rotary table runs.

Any solid angle can be achieved by superimposing rotations around the A-axis 42 and the B-axis 49.

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By rotating around the vertical B-axis, different tilt angles of the holes relative to the workpiece axes can be set, while by rotating around the A-axis, different positions with respect to the circumference of a workpiece can be set. With all angle settings, the longitudinal axes 42 of the workpieces remain horizontal.

By parallel displacement of the tools in the X direction, different positions along the longitudinal axis of the workpiece can be set, while parallel displacements in the vertical Y direction can be used to create a hole that is offset laterally to the longitudinal axis, rather than in a radial direction to the longitudinal axis. In this way, the required machining positions can be reached by right-angled movements in the tool.

By moving the workpiece holding unit 40 by means of motor 54 parallel to the W axis, the workpiece can be moved against the drill bushing 37 fixed in the W direction or Z direction. By moving in the W direction, compensation movements can also be carried out which are required by pivoting the workpieces about the vertical B axis when the tools are offset horizontally against the vertical B axis.

The machining feed for deepening a hole or for pulling a tool out of the hole is conveniently carried out by the Z-axis assigned to the tool by moving the headstock relative to the tool guide device, with the drill bush conveniently resting firmly on the side of the workpiece facing the tool.

A method for drilling holes that are to be made at different positions and/or in different orientations relative to the longitudinal axis of the workpieces can be carried out as follows. The deep drilling unit is set up so that deep drilling tools are clamped into the work spindles and adapted to the deep drilling tools and the workpiece geometry.

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rie adapted drill bushings are built into the tool guide device 37. To clamp the crankshafts in the workpiece holding unit, the rotary table can be moved by means of a feed in the W direction to the height of a loading portal 58 arranged to the side next to the machine frame. The rotary table can be rotated into a loading position in which the clamping elements for the workpieces face the loading portal, i.e. into a loading position rotated by approximately 90° against the orientation shown. After the crankshafts have been clamped, they are rotated by the B-axis drive and the swivel drives 45 into a first working position which corresponds to the orientation of the first holes to be created. The correct position of the tools is reached by moving the tool carrier in the X direction and/or Y direction. The workpiece contours are then pressed against the fixed drill bushings by moving the rotary table in the direction of the W axis. When the spindle drive is switched on, the headstock is advanced via the feed drive 24 and the tool it carries is inserted through the guide bush into the workpiece to the intended depth. The tool is then retracted. The rotary table can then be retracted in order to achieve a new workpiece alignment relative to the tool by rotating it around the B axis and/or α axis. At the same time or with a time delay to this swiveling, the new tool position can be approached by moving the tools in the X and/or Y directions. The process described for the new holes is then initiated.

Additional devices, described in more detail in connection with Figures 6 to 8, can be provided on the dividing device 43, for example alignment devices for the exact angular position of the crankshaft during machining and/or drilling aid devices, for example a sealing device which, in the case of through-holes, seals the breakthrough point of the drill on the back of the workpiece so that the coolant, mixed with the drilling chips, does not emerge on the opposite side when the drill breaks through.

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splashes out, contaminates the device and may cause the drill to run dry, which could lead to premature drill wear.

In order to enable secure contact between the drill bushing and the workpiece, drill bushings adapted to the respective crankshaft contours are provided. If holes of different diameters are to be drilled, appropriately differently dimensioned deep drilling tools and drill bushings adapted to the respective tool diameters are provided. A tool change and, if necessary, a drill bushing change can be carried out automatically at the same time in the embodiment shown. For this purpose, the automatic drill bushing changer 33 is provided next to the deep drilling unit 1 and a drill bushing changing device 34 on the workpiece holding unit 40. While the tool changing device 33 is fixed to the frame, the tool guide changing device 34 is firmly connected to the carrier 47 of the workpiece holding unit and can be moved with it in the W direction. In order to change deep drilling tools and matching drill bushings at the same time, the rotary table is retracted so far that a transverse displacement of the stand 9 is possible without contact with the workpiece holding unit or the workpieces held in it. The headstock is moved linearly into the maximum retraction position shown in the figures. The column is then moved sideways until the spindle axis is coaxial with the axis of a tool to be changed held in the holding device 33. In this position, the drill bushings to be changed are also aligned with each other and a drill bushing change can be carried out by appropriate manipulation, whereby the rotary table can be moved in the W direction. The tool change can be carried out simultaneously by moving the headstock and appropriate manipulations in the work spindle. After changing the tool and drill bushing, which can of course also be carried out separately, the described work process for making new holes can be carried out.

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Another possibility for changing the drill bushing is described in connection with Fig. 6.

The very clearly laid out, simple and compact deep drilling device, which can use, for example, the deep drilling unit 4 and the rotary table 50, essential components of modern deep drilling centers, increases the flexibility of drilling workpieces, especially crankshafts, with high productivity and high precision. All drives for moving the elements that can be moved and rotated relative to one another are conveniently controlled by a computer using a numerical control system. In the system shown, this control device is housed in a control panel 59 next to the system. The NC control system enables the processes during drilling and between drilling processes to be fully automated. The NC control system can also be set up in such a way that the manipulations for changing workpieces in and out can be largely automated. Accordingly, it is possible to create a wide variety of drilling geometries and distributions on workpieces, especially crankshafts, using the described or corresponding mechanical "hardware" and suitable control programs. The compact design makes it possible to accommodate all movable components of the device within a compactly dimensioned protective hood 60, which can have closable openings with doors or the like for work on the deep drilling device, for example on the side facing the loading portal 58.

Figures 4 and 5 show another embodiment of a deep drilling device 70, in which, for reasons of clarity, some corresponding elements are identified with the same reference numerals as in Figures 1 to 3. While the embodiment according to Figures 1 to 3 is preferably intended for crankshafts that are no longer than approximately 850 mm to 900 mm, the embodiment according to Figures 4 and 5 is particularly optimized for longer workpieces, for example up to lengths of approximately 1,500 mm. Such long crankshafts are mainly used in stationary diesel engines as well as in marine diesel engines or commercial vehicles.

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There are essentially two differences. While in the first embodiment the deep drilling unit and the workpiece holding unit are mounted on a common machine bed 2 in a compact arrangement, in the embodiment according to Figures 4 and 5 separate machine frames 71 and 72 are provided for the workpiece holding unit 73 and the deep drilling unit 74 respectively. These machine frames can be fixed to one another, e.g. by means of screws, after being arranged in an L-shape, for example, so that a stable base for the entire device is created.

Furthermore, unlike the embodiment according to Figures 1 to 3, an additional vertical axis of rotation (B1 axis 75) is provided on the deep drilling unit, which enables horizontal pivoting of the tool carrier device 76. For this purpose, a rotary table 77 is provided which can move linearly on the linear guide rails of the first positioning device 4, the lower part of which is guided on the guide rails 6 and the upper part of which carries the stand 78 with the second positioning device 14 (vertical displacement parallel to the Y axis). This makes it possible in particular to pivot the tool carrier device 76 in such a way that it is pivoted from a basic position in which the spindle axis 79 runs parallel to the W axis 48 of the workpiece holding unit into the position 76' shown in dashed lines in Figure 4, in which the spindle axis is set at an acute angle of, for example, 20° to the W axis. Pivoting in the opposite direction is also possible.

The second vertical axis of rotation 75 assigned to the tool makes it possible to realize larger tilt angles of the bores relative to the radial direction without the workpiece having to be pivoted about the workpiece's own vertical axis 49 due to the required inclination of the spindle axis 79 relative to the workpiece's longitudinal axis 42 to such an extent that the end regions of the workpiece carrier device in particular interfere with the movement range of the stand 78 or the tool carrier device 76.

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This problem becomes greater the longer the horizontally swiveled workpieces become. If at least part of the required tilt angle results from a swivel of the spindle axis about the vertical axis 75, this interference contour problem can be avoided, since a swivel about the B axis 49 only has to provide the corresponding residual angle and accordingly a less strong swivel is sufficient than with an unswivelled spindle.

Fig. 6 shows, among other things, the end region facing the workpiece of a particularly preferred embodiment of a tool carrier device 84, on which a drill bushing changer in the form of a triple linear changer is provided as a tool guide device 85. This has a carrier 86 that can be moved vertically on a linear guide and on which two groups of three identical drill bushings 87 are attached one above the other at the distance of the two spindle axes. In the vertical arrangement direction, the first and fourth, the second and fifth, and the third and sixth drill bushings are each identical. The linear guide for the carrier 86 is attached to the front of a vertically elongated, box-shaped chip collection container 88, on the top of which the drive for linear displacement of the drill bushing carrier 88 is provided, encapsulated by a box-shaped housing. The collecting device 88, which is open on its underside, is penetrated horizontally by the drilling tools 95 during the drilling process, with sealed guides for the tools being provided on the rear side facing away from the drill bushing. This ensures that pressurized drilling oil, which is used to flush the chips out of the drill hole and to cool the drilling tool, is pressed along an axial groove of the single-lip drilling tools 95 back into the collecting container and does not splash out there, but runs down into a suitable collecting container. If the drill bushings 87 are to be changed when changing between different drilling tools, a joint linear displacement of the drill bushings is sufficient with the triple linear changer shown in order to arrange the desired pair of drill bushings at the height of the spindle axes. For this purpose,

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The tools are then retracted at least as far as the chip box 88 or, if the drilling diameter is changed, they are replaced themselves.

This design not only allows for convenient drilling bushing changes and largely dirt-free operation, but also countersinking of the bore end areas directly on the deep drilling machine without having to re-clamp the workpieces. For this purpose, the countersinking device 90 is provided, which has two countersinking sleeves 91 located one above the other at a vertical distance from the spindle axes. The parallel countersinking sleeves can be adjusted in height together by vertically displacing the tool carrier device 84 and can be driven in rotation by their own, common drive 89, which can be coupled to the countersinking tools if required. The horizontal feed takes place hydraulically by means of a hydraulic piston (not shown), to whose piston rod 93 the linearly guided tool units of the countersinking device are attached. The countersinking sleeves are offset laterally and vertically against the spindle axes so that when retracted they do not hinder the drilling process and the swivel movements that may be required for this. For countersinking, the sleeves are first arranged coaxially with the holes to be machined and then the countersinking tools are moved towards the workpiece using the sleeve feed. The machining feed, at which the rotating countersinking tools penetrate the workpiece, is achieved by moving the workpieces along the W axis.

The preferred embodiment of a dividing device 100 for horizontal clamping and for rotating the workpieces in Fig. 6 has a carrier plate 101 corresponding to the L-shaped carrier of the device 43, on the front side of which facing the tool four horizontal profile rails 102 are attached, one above the other, which can be gripped from behind by the tool side. All units required for the construction of the dividing device can be attached to these in an interchangeable manner. They enable the units to be attached at any axial position, so that the dividing device 100 can be easily adapted to any desired crankshaft geometry.

G40483DE1 -23- '

At the end facing the viewer, two identical bearing parts 103 are attached one above the other, which have chucks (not shown) for the workpieces on their inner sides. At the opposite end, counter bearing parts in the form of tailstocks 104 with bearing tips 105 are provided for determining the axis of rotation of the crankshafts. Between the axial end bearings 103, 104, a number of replaceable sealing devices 106 (see Fig. 7) corresponding to the number of bearing points to be machined are suspended on the profile rails 102 and locked to them. In addition, a hydraulically operated alignment device 107 is suspended and locked, which is shown in detail in Fig.

is shown. The visible devices 103 to 107 are used for manipulating and processing the upper crankshaft, which is not shown for illustration reasons. Under the devices 106, 107, identical devices for the lower crankshaft are interchangeably attached to the two lower profile rails.

For each workpiece to be clamped, a separate, independently controllable rotary drive 125 is provided for the workpiece rotation around the α-axis. In the example shown, this comprises a servo motor 126 attached to the carrier 101, which engages the rotatably mounted chuck via a toothed belt 127. The servo motors are designed for workpiece rotations of up to approx. 1,700 rpm, which may make it possible to clean the workpieces by spinning off drilling oil and chips. The independent drives promote the advantageous modular design of the dividing device, which can be easily converted for different numbers of workpieces. On the other hand, the correct rotation position can be set individually for each workpiece, which is particularly advantageous when setting using measuring probes.

As can be clearly seen in Figures 7 and 8, each of the interchangeable devices 106, 107 has a base body 108 which is narrow in the axial direction or with a downwardly projecting holding finger 110 or 111 provided at the upper end, which fits into an upper receiving groove of the respective upper profile rail

is hung in. At the opposite lower end, a pivoting locking lever 112 or 113 is provided, which, after the holding fingers have been hung in the upper rail and the base body has been placed on the front of the holding profiles, engages in a receiving groove on the underside of the lower guide rail, thus securing the device to the profiles without wobbling and without loss. This type of fastening enables these devices to be attached to any axial position along the guide profiles, which can be continuously adjusted if necessary. This makes it very easy to adapt the device to crankshafts of different dimensions.

The sealing device 106 (Fig. 7) has three sealing shells 115, 116, 117, each of which has a circumferential angle of approximately 110 degrees and which have plastic coatings on the cylindrically curved surfaces facing the workpiece. The toggle mechanism is designed in such a way that when the middle shell 115 is hydraulically advanced in the direction of the workpiece section to be sealed (bearing 119), the outer shells 116, 117, which are arranged symmetrically to the middle shell, are placed around the workpiece section to be sealed to form an almost gap-free sealing ring, so that only on the side opposite the shell 115 a gap remains for the drilling tool to pass through. This all-round sealing reliably prevents the escape of pressurized drilling fluid when the drilling tool breaks through. This only penetrates a little into the soft coating of the shell 115. Any escape of drilling fluid and thus contamination of the drilling area This reliably prevents the drilling tools from running dry.

The hydraulically actuated alignment device 107 in Fig. 8 is used when clamping the workpieces to ensure the correct rotational position or radial position of the workpiece. It has a hydraulically horizontally movable support member 120 with a trapezoidal recess 121 facing the workpiece, which is surrounded by prismatic support surfaces

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G 40483 EN1 - 25 -

122 is limited. When clamping a crankshaft, it is first clamped axially between a tip 105 on the bearing block 104 and the opposite chuck, without the chuck already clamping and holding the workpiece radially. The workpiece is then radially fixed or the correct rotational position about the workpiece's longitudinal axis is set by pressing the support element onto a suitable crankshaft bearing. The correct rotational position is achieved when the casing of the crankshaft bearing rests on the two opposite support surfaces 122. The workpiece is then clamped radially by operating the chuck and can now be machined. Fixing by means of such alignment elements is particularly advantageous for larger series, whereby suitably dimensioned and designed alignment elements must be provided for each crankshaft and shaft geometry. For smaller series, measuring probes can also be used to increase the flexibility of the device, which can be attached to the deep drilling unit, for example.

The devices shown in Figures 6 to 8 can be provided in part or in their entirety in all deep drilling devices according to the invention, e.g. according to Figures 1 to 3 and Figures 4 and 5.

In particular, the sealing device, an integrated bore finishing device, a bore closure device and the integration of a cleaning device into the deep drilling device are measures that can also be advantageous for other deep drilling devices of the type described, regardless of the orientation of the workpieces to be machined. They enable complete machining, e.g. of oil channels, in a single work station and thus offer considerable space-saving advantages and productivity increases compared to the state of the art.

Claims (29)

1. Deep drilling device for drilling holes in workpieces, in particular crankshafts, wherein the holes can be made at different positions and/or in different orientations relative to a workpiece longitudinal axis, with
a deep drilling unit ( 3 ; 74 ) with at least one headstock ( 22 ) which has at least one work spindle ( 26 ) which can be rotated about a horizontal spindle axis ( 30 ; 79 ) by a spindle drive ( 27 ) for receiving a deep drilling tool ( 32 ) which can be displaced parallel to the spindle axis;
a workpiece holding unit ( 40 ) with a first sub-device ( 43 ; 100 ) for holding at least one workpiece ( 41 ) and for rotating the workpiece about its longitudinal workpiece axis ( 42 ); and a second sub-device ( 50 ) for rotating the workpiece ( 41 ) about an axis of rotation ( 49 ) aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal workpiece axis;
a first positioning device ( 4 ) for the relative displacement of the workpiece and the deep drilling tool parallel to a horizontal first axis ( 8 ) (X-axis) transverse to the spindle axis ( 30 );
a second positioning device ( 14 ) for the relative displacement of the workpiece and the deep drilling tool parallel to a vertical second axis ( 15 ) (Y-axis) perpendicular to the spindle axis ( 30 ); and
a third positioning device ( 51 ) for the relative displacement of the workpiece and the deep drilling tool parallel to a third axis ( 48 ) (W-axis) parallel or at an acute angle to the spindle axis ( 30 ),
characterized in that at least one sealing device ( 106 ) is provided for sealing passage points of deep drilling tools on the side of a workpiece facing away from the deep drilling tool. 2. Deep drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing device ( 106 ) has at least one sealing shell ( 115 , 116 , 117 ) which can be pressed in a sealing section onto a workpiece surface over a peripheral section, wherein the sealing device ( 106 ) preferably has a plurality of sealing shells for a sealing section for essentially gap-free sealing of the sealing section along the workpiece circumference. 3. Deep drilling device according to claim 2, characterized in that a sealing shell on a side facing the workpiece consists of plastic. 4. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that sealing devices ( 106 ) can be or are attached to the workpiece carrier device ( 100 ) in an exchangeable manner and/or that the position of a sealing device ( 106 ) is continuously adjustable in the axial direction of the workpiece. 5. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first sub-device ( 43 ; 100 ) is designed to hold at least one workpiece ( 41 ) with a horizontally aligned workpiece longitudinal axis ( 42 ) and to rotate the workpiece about the horizontally aligned workpiece longitudinal axis ( 42 ). 6. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second sub-device ( 50 ) is designed to rotate the workpiece ( 41 ) about a vertically aligned axis of rotation ( 49 ), wherein the second sub-device ( 50 ) is preferably rotatable about the axis of rotation ( 49 ) such that the workpiece can be rotated into or out of a loading position which enables lateral loading and unloading in a horizontal direction. 7. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second sub-device of the workpiece holding unit ( 40 ) has a rotary table ( 50 ) with a vertical axis of rotation ( 49 ), which can preferably be moved parallel or at an acute angle to the spindle axis ( 30 ). 8. Deep drilling device according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an integrated bore finishing device ( 90 ) for preferably material-removing machining of the entry areas and/or exit areas of bores on the workpiece surface, in particular for countersinking these areas. 9. Deep drilling device according to claim 8, characterized in that the bore finishing device ( 90 ) has at least one countersinking sleeve ( 91 ) with at least one countersinking tool that can be moved parallel to the spindle axis, wherein the countersinking sleeve is preferably firmly connected to a tool guide device ( 85 ) and/or is movable with it transversely to the spindle axis. 10. Deep drilling device according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an integrated device for preparing for a borehole closure is provided. 11. Deep drilling device according to claim 10, characterized in that the integrated device for preparing for a bore closure is designed in such a way that first a diameter expansion of a bore end section is produced, that then a preferably spherical closure body is inserted into the diameter expansion and that then the closure body is fixed in the diameter expansion, in particular by caulking. 12. Deep drilling device according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an integrated cleaning device for freeing the workpieces from machining residues. 13. Deep drilling device according to claim 12, characterized in that the cleaning device is designed as a centrifugal device, wherein preferably a rotary drive ( 45 ; 125 ) for rotating the workpiece about its longitudinal workpiece axis ( 42 ) is designed such that a workpiece rotation can be carried out at rotational speeds of more than approximately 500 rpm, in particular between approximately 800 and approximately 1,700 rpm. 14. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deep drilling unit has at least one tool carrier device ( 11 ; 84 ) with at least one headstock and that the tool carrier device has a tool guide device ( 35 ; 85 ) assigned to the headstock for guiding the tool and a tool displacement device for moving the deep drilling tool relative to the tool guide device parallel to the spindle axis ( 30 ; 76 ). 15. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third positioning device ( 51 ) is assigned to the workpiece holding unit ( 40 ), wherein the third positioning device preferably has a third linear guide device ( 52 ) aligned parallel or at an acute angle to the spindle axis for guiding the workpiece holding unit ( 40 ) relative to a frame ( 2 ) of the deep drilling device. 16. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first positioning device ( 4 ) and the second positioning device ( 14 ) are assigned to the deep drilling unit ( 3 ), wherein preferably the first positioning device has a first linear guide device ( 6 ) running horizontally transversely to the spindle axis ( 30 ) and the second positioning device ( 14 ) has a second linear guide device ( 10 ) running vertically perpendicular to the spindle axis for guiding the tool carrier device ( 11 ) relative to a frame ( 2 ) of the deep drilling device, wherein in particular the first positioning device is fastened to the frame ( 2 ) and the second positioning device is movably guided on the first positioning device. 17. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deep drilling unit ( 3 ) has no positioning device for displacing the tool carrier device ( 11 ; 84 ) parallel or at an acute angle to the spindle axis ( 30 ; 79 ). 18. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deep drilling unit ( 74 ) has a device for rotating the spindle axis ( 79 ), in particular a tool carrier device ( 76 ), about a vertical axis of rotation ( 75 ). 19. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a frame ( 72 ) for supporting the deep drilling unit ( 74 ) and a separate further frame ( 71 ) for supporting the workpiece holding unit ( 40 ). 20. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spindle axis ( 30 , 79 ) and the workpiece can be pivoted horizontally relative to one another in two opposite directions starting from a basic position in which the workpiece longitudinal axis ( 42 ) is aligned perpendicular to the spindle axis ( 30 ; 79 ). 21. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a tool guide changing device ( 34 ; 85 ) is provided for the automatic exchange of tool guides ( 37 ; 87 ) of the tool guide device. 22. Deep drilling device according to claim 21, characterized in that the tool guide changing device is assigned to the workpiece holding unit ( 40 ), in particular is fixedly arranged on this and is movable with this, wherein it has in particular a pickup, disk or chain magazine for tool guides. 23. Deep drilling device according to claim 14 or 22, characterized in that the tool guide device ( 85 ) has at least one movably, in particular linearly movably mounted tool guide carrier ( 86 ) with several tool guides ( 87 ) assigned to a spindle axis and exchangeable by movement of the tool guide carrier, in particular a multiple linear changer. 24. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has at least one tool guide device ( 85 ) to which a collecting device ( 88 ) for splash-proof collecting of liquid drilling aids and/or chips is assigned, wherein the tool guide device ( 85 ) preferably has at least one closed drill bushing carrier. 25. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a tool changing device ( 33 ) for the automatic exchange of deep drilling tools ( 32 ) is provided on the work spindle ( 26 ), wherein the tool changing device is preferably assigned to the deep drilling unit ( 3 ), in particular is fixedly attached to the frame ( 2 ) and is accessible by moving the tool carrier device ( 11 ). 26. Deep drilling device according to one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that the tool guide changing device ( 34 ) and the tool changing device ( 33 ) are designed and arranged such that an exchange of deep drilling tools ( 32 ) and associated tool guides ( 37 ) can be carried out simultaneously. 27. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the workpiece holding unit ( 40 ) is designed to simultaneously hold several, in particular two, simultaneously machineable workpieces ( 41 ), wherein the workpieces can preferably be arranged one above the other with parallel workpiece longitudinal axes ( 42 ). 28. Deep drilling device according to claim 27, characterized in that a separately controllable rotary drive ( 45 ; 125 ) is provided for each workpiece ( 41 ). 29. Deep drilling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several, in particular two, work spindles ( 26 ) arranged axially parallel one above the other are provided and/or that the tool guide device has several, in particular two or multiples of two, tool guides ( 37 ; 87 ) arranged axially parallel one above the other.