DE29616522U1 - Textile damping material and golf tee mat and shock-absorbing mat made from it - Google Patents

Description

.Bremen
»·

Munich

Berlin

Munich, 23 September 1996

Our reference: W 5091 PSM/pS

Applicant/Owner: GEBR. WUNDERLICH

Official reference number: New registration

Patent attorneys
European Patent Attorneys Dipl.-Ing. Günther Eisenführ Dipl.-Ing. Dieter K, Speiser Dr.-Ing. Werner W. Rabus Dipl.-Ing. Jürgen Brügge Dipl.-Ing. Jürgen Klinghardt Dipl.-Ing. Klaus G. Göken Patent Attorney
Dipl.-Ing. Mark Andres Attorneys at Law
Ulrich H. Sander
Christian Spintig

Patent attorneys

European Patent Attorneys

Dipl.-Phys. Gerhard Liedl

Dipl.-Wirtsoh.-Ing. Rainer Fritsche

Patent Attorney

Dipl.-Chem. Dr. Peter Schuler

Patent Attorney European Patent Attorney Dipl.-Ing, Jutta Kaden

Herterichstrasse 18 D-81479 Munich Tel.0 89-74 98 51-0 Fax 0 89-79 01 777

Textile cushioning material

and products made from them
Golf tee mat and shock absorbing mat

Description

The invention relates to a textile damping material and a
manufactured golf tee mat and shock absorbing mat for automobiles.

In many areas of technology there is a desire to join materials

which are able to absorb point-like shocks and therefore have a damping
to act.

One example of this problem area is golf tee mats. Such mats are used by golfers to practice their tee shots outside the teeing areas and possibly in the driving range. The use of unmodified artificial turf material for golf tee mats is well known, but these only have a very limited lifespan.

In the German utility model 295 08 461.8, a golf tee mat on an artificial turf base was described, in which the artificial turf poles are anchored in a backing fabric. To improve the service life, the poles are embedded in a stabilizing layer arranged on the backing fabric. A preferred embodiment of this golf tee mat has a base layer that is connected to the underside of the backing fabric.

This significantly improves the service life. Nevertheless, after a while, the artificial turf and the ground layer delaminate when golf tee mats are used a lot, which can make the golf tee mat unusable in the area where it is used. This is because golf tee mats are usually used by less experienced players who rarely hit the ball directly and in the middle. Either the club first touches the ground, slides over the ground and then hits the ball, or the player first hits the ball and then grazes the ground with the club for a certain distance. Due to the lack of cushioning in the ground, practically all of the club's kinetic energy is converted into shear forces, which practically "cut off" the artificial turf poles.

The contact with the ground without any cushioning also means that the golf tee mat is subjected to such a high impact load at high tee frequency that the delamination mentioned above occurs. Finally, it is also responsible for the golfer's joints being subjected to extraordinary strain.

There is currently no known golf tee mat that has sufficient cushioning to solve this problem. Such a golf tee mat would help to increase the service life and also protect the player's joints because the kinetic energy of the club is absorbed and neither converted into shear forces nor transferred to the golf tee mat or the player's joints.

In the field of automotive engineering, the problem is to shield the interior of a vehicle as much as possible against external noise. This includes not only soundproofing measures that prevent the transmission of engine noise into the interior by installing soundproof partitions, but also the elimination of noise from other sources.

A particularly unpleasant source of noise when operating a motor vehicle is when the vehicle is moving on a gravel road and the tires kick up the gravel and hit the wheel arches and other parts of the vehicle's underbody. This creates an unpleasant crackling noise that requires special soundproofing measures. However, noise pollution of this kind is not only caused by gravel, stones or pebbles, but also when the vehicle moves quickly through a puddle of water or through mud or slush. In addition to the noise pollution, kicking up stones or similar also poses the risk of mechanical damage to the wheel arches and the vehicle's underbody.

DE-OS 30 22 461 describes a multi-layer sound-dampening covering for body panels with a foam layer that can be glued to the body panel and a tensile-resistant structure that is connected to the top of the foam layer. The foam layer consists of polypropylene with a certain weight per unit area, while the tensile-resistant structure is a mesh structure fixed by welding and also has a certain weight per unit area.

DE-OS 30 39 651 discloses a deformed plate that absorbs airborne sound, consisting of a fleece made of polyester fibers and optionally of an air-permeable cover layer. The fleece is glued with a cross-linked binding agent and is pressed together during the manufacturing process so that a certain flow resistance is created.

The invention aims to provide a versatile damping material. Aspects of this aim are the provision of a golf tee mat with improved damping and durability as well as a shock-absorbing mat that can be used for motor vehicles.

This object is achieved by a textile damping material according to claim 1 and a golf tee mat according to claim 6 and a shock-absorbing

mat according to claim 18. Further developments of these inventive objects are described in the respective subclaims.

The textile damping material according to the invention has the structure of a dimensionally stable and flexible, three-dimensional textile spacer structure and has an upper fabric layer and a lower fabric layer, which are made of monofilament or multifilament yarn and are connected to one another and spaced apart from one another by elastic pile threads.

A preferred spacer structure is a knitted fabric, woven fabric or knitted fabric in which the pile threads consist of shape-elastic monofilament wire. In general, the dimensional stability and flexibility of the spacer structure according to the invention are mainly created by the stiffness of the pile threads, which are integrated into both the lower and upper layers of the fabric. The pile threads are guided endlessly back and forth between the upper and lower layers of the fabric, i.e. they come from the lower layer of the fabric, run through the upper layer of the fabric, turn around and run back to the lower layer of the fabric and so on. They thus stabilize the spacer structure. Monofilament pile threads have a particular stiffness with simultaneous shape elasticity and therefore result in a spacer structure that is dimensionally stable and at the same time flexible. Pile threads in the form of shape-elastic monofilament wire are therefore particularly preferred; the thickness of the monofilament wire is preferably in a range of 0.1 to 1 mm.

Overall, the most preferred spacer structure at the moment is in the form of a rustled textile synthetic fabric with a form-sastic monofilament wire as pile threads, in which the upper and lower layers of the fabric are also made of monofilament wire.

The textile spacer structure should preferably be non-absorbent so that the water absorption when driving on a wet road is as low as possible.

The spacer structure is therefore preferably made of plastic, with polyester or polyamide being particularly preferred due to the dimensional stability that can be achieved with them. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride or mixtures thereof can also be used.
35

For normal purposes, the distance between the upper and lower layers of fabric (which is essentially determined by the length of the pile threads) is 2 to 20 mm, preferably 4 to 20 mm.

According to the invention, the damping material described above is used as a damping layer for a multi-layer textile product or as a shock-absorbing mat. The first use results in a golf tee mat with greatly improved damping and durability, the second results in a shock-absorbing material for motor vehicles with excellent properties.

The dimensional stability and flexibility of the textile damping material according to the invention when subjected to pressure are surprising. Three-dimensional textile structures are known from the field of technical textiles and are used for many purposes, such as for rear ventilation to prevent condensation of water (e.g. underneath mattresses and in the interior of sailing yachts), for drainage, for the inner padding of crash helmets, for reinforcing composite materials and as splash protection for trucks. What is unexpected, however, is their ability to absorb point-like impacts when they are constructed according to the invention from an upper and lower fabric layer that are connected to one another by elastic pile threads.

The dimensional stability and flexibility can easily be estimated by applying pressure with the palm of the hand. The material according to the invention behaves in a similar way to corrugated cardboard, i.e. it does buckle when the load exceeds a certain level, but is relatively stable up to this point and, unlike corrugated cardboard, straightens up again after buckling; the elastic pile threads therefore bend briefly, but return to their original shape when the load is released.

This creates a structure that is surprisingly suitable as a shock-absorbing material. If this structure is used as a damping layer between the artificial turf layer and the base layer of an artificial turf-based golf tee mat, a much improved product with a longer service life is created, which is less prone to delamination even at high tee-off frequencies because the point-like impacts of the golf club are sufficiently dampened. If the wheel arches (or the underbody) of a motor vehicle are covered with such a material, stones or other solid particles that are thrown up hit the lower layer of material, briefly deform the material by bending the elastic pile threads and are then thrown away again. Since the stones that are thrown up do not reach the body of the vehicle, the crackling noise that is perceived as a noise nuisance is avoided, and a high level of acoustic dampening is achieved.

In addition to the applications described in detail here as a damping layer for a golf tee mat and as a shock-absorbing mat for motor vehicles, the textile damping material according to the invention can generally be used as a damping layer for textile multi-layer goods and is particularly suitable for any type of floor covering.

A golf tee mat based on artificial turf according to the invention has a backing fabric with artificial turf poles anchored therein and also has a shock-absorbing damping layer connected to the underside of the backing fabric. The damping layer is formed by a dimensionally stable and flexible, three-dimensional textile spacer structure which has an upper fabric layer and a lower fabric layer. The fabric layers are made of monofilament or multifilament yarn and are connected to one another and spaced apart from one another by resilient pile threads.

Preferably, the textile spacer fabric is a woven textile plastic fabric, the upper layer of which is made of multifilament yarn and the lower layer of which is made of monofilament wire. For fixing, the upper and/or lower layer of the spacer structure can be anchored in an upper or lower carrier layer.

The artificial turf poles are preferably embedded on their side facing the back fabric in a stabilization layer that is arranged on the back fabric. In order to ensure that the poles are anchored in the desired manner, the thickness of the stabilization layer should be at least 10% of the pole length, whereby - depending on the materials used for the pole and the resulting properties with regard to elasticity and stability against shear forces - a range of 10 to 50% is preferred. A particularly preferred embodiment is one in which the pole length is 5 to 15 mm and the thickness of the stabilization layer is 1 to 5 mm. The term "pole length" refers to the part of the pole that protrudes from the back fabric.

A particularly preferred embodiment is one in which the poles are embedded with a stabilizing material which extends as a solidified impregnation through the backing fabric and additionally forms the stabilizing layer on the top side of the backing fabric. The advantages of this embodiment are due to the manufacturing process. The backing fabric of an unmodified artificial turf (i.e. in its original state) is relatively absorbent and can easily be removed from the

The underside of the back fabric can be impregnated with a solidifiable plastic sol. If this process is controlled in such a way that the plastic sol not only covers the thickness of the back fabric, but also penetrates into the area of the poles above it at a certain height, the thickness of a stabilizing layer can be easily controlled, which can then be formed by hardening the plastic sol. It was also found that the solidified impregnation makes an additional contribution to anchoring the poles.

Suitable materials for the stabilization layer (or the stabilization material) are solidified plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylate, butadiene styrene, polyamide (PA), polyurethane (PU), polyester (PES), mixed or grafted polymers of PVC, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyethylene (PE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), rubber, in particular ethylene/propylene rubber, PVC/acrylate mixtures or latex, or generally mixtures of various thermoplastics or elastomers. A solidified adhesive is also suitable. Soft PVC is preferred.

Semi-rigid monofilament pieces made of polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyester or PVC-Vinal are suitable for the poles of the artificial turf, with polyamide and polypropylene being particularly preferred due to their elasticity.

Tufted, woven, knitted or rustled fabrics as well as spunbond or needle felt are suitable for the backing fabric of the artificial turf.

According to a preferred embodiment, the golf tee mat is reinforced with a base layer that is connected to the underside of the shock-absorbing damping layer. A suitable material for the base layer is, for example, foamed plastic with a thickness of about 3 to 12 mm. The base layer, together with the shock-absorbing damping layer, forms a base layer of the golf tee mat.

Golf tee mats can be sold in sizes of e.g. 1.5 m x 1.5 m. Holes or slots with a depth of 3 to 7 mm can be punched or milled into the mats from the side of the artificial turf to accommodate the tee. The version with a hole determines the exact position of the tee, while the version with slots gives the golfer the opportunity to choose the tee position.

to choose. If several tee positions are possible, this increases the lifespan of the golf tee mat, because by changing the tee position the entire surface of the mat can be played on gradually. The stabilizing layer also provides better guidance for the inserted tees, so that they stand more securely and make teeing easier.

The golf tee mat according to the invention can be manufactured on conventional production lines known to those skilled in the art in the field of manufacturing technical textiles.

First, the artificial turf material is impregnated from the back with a plasticizable compounding paste (soft PVC is preferred), whereby the paste is applied in such a way that it penetrates through the back fabric and encloses the pile up to a height of 1 to 5 mm, preferably approx. 2 mm. The paste is then plasticized, which can be done thermally, for example. The artificial turf pretreated in this way is provided with the shock-absorbing damping layer on the side of the back fabric in a laminating process (welding, gluing, "wet-on-wet" process).

To produce the damping layer, the spacer structure is continuously produced by knitting, weaving or knitting and fed to a production line (either after intermediate storage in the form of rolled-up strips or directly). In the production line, the spacer structure is also continuously coated on both sides with a compounding paste. During the coating, the two layers of material penetrate the paste, which creates the conditions for later anchoring in it. This paste is then also thermally plasticized, and the upper and lower carrier layers are created. At the end of the production line, the raw material produced in this way is either processed further immediately or rolled up in the form of wide strips for intermediate storage before further processing. Further processing takes place by laminating (e.g. welding) the raw material to the pre-treated artificial turf. Finally, to form the base layer, the lower carrier layer is coated with a foamable compounding paste and this is thermally plasticized and foamed, creating the finished product of the golf tee mat. The base layer and the shock-absorbing damping layer together form the lower layer of the golf tee mat.

A shock-absorbing mat according to the invention has the structure of a dimensionally stable

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and flexible, three-dimensional textile spacer structure, which has an upper fabric layer and a lower fabric layer made of monofilament or multifilament yarn. Both fabric layers are connected to one another by elastic pile threads and spaced apart from one another, with at least the lower fabric layer having a water-permeable screen structure.

According to the invention, the lower layer of fabric has a water-permeable sieve structure. The term "lower layer of fabric" in the sense of the invention refers to the layer of fabric that is exposed to external impacts, i.e. when used for a motor vehicle, is not in contact with parts of the body. Accordingly, the term "upper layer of fabric" means the opposite layer of fabric that is in contact with the motor vehicle.

The water-permeable screen structure of the lower layer of fabric acts as a coarse filter for stones and larger mold particles and prevents them from penetrating the shock-absorbing mat. The water-permeability of the screen structure allows water to penetrate, but it flows away again unhindered. With regard to splash water, the space between the lower layer of fabric and the body acts as an impact and calming zone, in which the water that has penetrated loses its energy through continuous reflection and is thus calmed down. The shock-absorbing mat according to the invention therefore also has the function of a water absorber for a splash protection system according to German patent application P 42 13 404.8 or the additional application P 42 15 091.4.

The screen structure of the lower layer of fabric can be achieved by giving this layer of fabric a certain open area during production using textile manufacturing processes (e.g. by knitting, weaving or knitting). Preferably, the open area is in a range of 10 to 40% of the total surface area of the lower layer of fabric.

In contrast to the lower layer of fabric, the upper layer of fabric does not need to have a water-permeable screen structure, as it rests against the body of the vehicle.

A spacer structure is particularly preferred whose internal volume (i.e. the volume between the upper and lower layers of fabric) forms a space that extends continuously through the spacer structure. This embodiment supports the unhindered reflection of the water that has penetrated and its calming. It also ensures that fine mold that has penetrated is better

can be rinsed out.

The use of the spacer structure as a shock-absorbing mat according to the invention is carried out by covering an area exposed to impact in the area of the wheel arch or the underbody with the spacer structure. The spacer structure can be fixed in place (preferably by gluing). When used in the field of automotive technology, it is preferred to cover the upper layer of material that is adjacent to the body with a layer of plastic, which then acts as an intermediate layer between the upper layer of material and the body. This intermediate layer can be made from the same materials as the spacer structure itself.

It goes without saying that the shock-absorbing mat according to the invention can be used not only for motor vehicles, but also in all other areas where a surface exposed to impact must be protected in order to avoid or reduce either noise or mechanical damage.

Further advantages, features and possible applications of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the drawings; they show:

Figure 1: a sectional view of an embodiment of the inventive

golf tee mat;

Figure 2: a golf tee mat according to the invention with a hole for

Taking a single tea;

Figure 3: a golf tee mat according to the invention with slots for

taking several teas.

Figure 4: a section through a damping material according to the invention!

a shock absorbing mat according to the invention;

Figure 5: the result of the measurement of sound radiation during rockfall

Excitation of a body panel which was protected with the shock-absorbing mat according to the invention and with shock-absorbing materials of the prior art.

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a golf tee mat according to the invention, which is constructed from an artificial turf layer 5 and a ground layer 6.

The artificial turf layer 5 is formed by a backing fabric 2 with

anchored poles 1. To improve the anchoring of the poles 1, the back fabric 2 is impregnated with a hardened stabilizing material 3, which forms a stabilizing layer 4 beyond the back fabric 2 in addition to the impregnation. A base layer 6 is welded to the back fabric 2, which consists of a shock-absorbing damping layer 10 and a base layer 15.

In the embodiment shown, the shock-absorbing damping layer 10 has a thickness of 12 mm and the base layer has a thickness of 6 mm, so that the thickness of the base layer 6 is 18 mm in total. With a thickness of the backing fabric of 2 mm and a pile length of 10 mm, the total thickness of the golf tee mat is 30 mm. The thickness of the stabilizing layer 4 is - due to manufacturing - not constant over the entire surface of the golf tee mat, but is in the range of 2 to 4 mm.

The shock-absorbing damping layer 10 is made of the textile damping material according to the invention in the form of a spacer structure, which is designed here as a rustled spacer fabric 50. This spacer fabric 50 has an upper fabric layer 7 and a lower fabric layer 9, which are connected to one another and spaced apart from one another by elastic, springy pile threads 8. As can be clearly seen, the pile threads 8 are guided endlessly back and forth between the upper and lower fabric layers, i.e. they come from the lower fabric layer 9, run through the upper fabric layer 7, turn around and run back to the lower fabric layer 9 and so on. They thus stabilize and a spacer structure 50 is created which is dimensionally stable and flexible at the same time.

In the example shown, the lower fabric layer 9 and the springy pile threads 8 are made of a monofilament wire made of polyester (PES) with a thickness of 0.2 mm. The upper fabric layer 7 consists of multifilament yarn. The fabric layers 7, 9 are each anchored in a carrier layer (upper carrier layer 11, lower carrier layer 1 2).

The bottom layer 15 consists of foamed PVC.

Fig. 2 shows a golf tee mat according to the invention with dimensions of approximately 1.50 m x 1.50 m, which has a hole 20 approximately centrally (i.e. at the intersection point of the diagonals) into which a tee 21 is inserted. Fig. 3 shows a corresponding golf tee mat, but with slots 22 into which several tees 21 are inserted.

-12-

Fig. 4 shows a section through the textile damping material according to the invention or a shock-absorbing mat according to the invention. The shock-absorbing mat has the structure of a spacer structure 50, which has an upper fabric layer 7 and a lower fabric layer 9. The two fabric layers 7, 9 are connected to one another with elastic pile threads 8 and spaced apart from one another. As in Fig. 1, it can also be clearly seen in this figure that the pile threads 8 are endlessly guided back and forth between the upper and lower fabric layers 7, 9. Three layer areas are created, which are designated 100, 200 and 300 respectively. The layer areas 100 and 300 are formed by the two fabric layers 9, 7, layer area 200 forms the volume between these fabric layers.

As can also be seen, the pile thread 8, which creates the spacing, is formed by a monofilament wire. The pieces of the monofilament pile thread 8 run (as in Fig. 1) essentially parallel to one another in the layer 200. The upper fabric layer 7 and the lower fabric layer 9 also consist of monofilament wire, whereby in the embodiment shown the same monofilament wire, which consisted of polyester, was used for the pile thread 8 and for the formation of the two fabric layers 7, 9.

The upper layer 7 and the lower layer 9 are each

■φ

It is a rustled product made of monofilament wire, whereby in the example shown the monofilament wire was processed in such a way that an open area of approx. 30% was created in order to achieve a water-permeable screen structure. This creates the desired water-permeable screen structure (not visible in the drawing).

The use of the shock-absorbing mat shown would be such that a surface of a motor vehicle exposed to impact (e.g. in the area of the wheel arch or the underbody) would be covered with the upper layer of material 7 and this layer of material would be fixed to the surface (e.g. by gluing, screwing or clamping). As already explained, an intermediate layer can be placed between the upper layer of material 7 and the exposed surface to be protected, which would then thicken the layer area 300.

Fig. 5 shows the result of a measurement of the sound radiation from a sheet of metal excited by stone impact, which had a thickness of 0.8 mm. The outer surface of the sheet of metal exposed to the stone impact excitation was covered with the shock-absorbing mat according to the invention (curve 1), with a layer of polyethylene (curve 2) or polypropylene (curve 3), each of which was 3 mm thick, or with

a shock-absorbing material of the state of the art (curve 4). Curve 4 is a wheel liner made of polypropylene that is used as standard in automobile construction. The shock-absorbing mat used (curve 1) had a total thickness (sum of layers 100 to 300 according to Fig. 4) of 7 mm, with the lower layer 9 and the upper layer 7 each having a thickness of 1 mm. The thickness of the layer area 200 was therefore 5 mm. Otherwise, the shock-absorbing mat corresponded completely to Fig. 4 and was made of a monofilament pile thread made of polyester with a thickness of 0.2 mm. Between the upper layer 7 and the sheet metal with a thickness of 0.8 mm there was an intermediate layer made of polypropylene.

The four curves 1 to 4 show the sound radiation based on bare sheet metal with a thickness of 0.8 mm when analyzed in third-octave steps. The sound pressure level difference (given in dB) is plotted against the center frequency in Hz. The stone impact excitation was carried out using a stone impact machine.

As can be seen from Fig. 5, the frequency range at which the sound radiation is lower than with bare sheet metal, with the shock-absorbing mat according to the invention (curve 1) already begins at approx. 900 Hz. With the standard material of the state of the art (curve 4), lower sound radiation is only generated from approx. 3,200 Hz compared to bare sheet metal, and with PE (curve 2) and PP (curve 3) even from approx. 5,000 Hz.

The range from approx. 500 to 2,500 Hz is particularly important because this is where the human ear is most sensitive. The shock-absorbing mat according to the invention also shows advantageous properties in this range. From 500 to 900 Hz, the sound radiation is greater than with bare sheet metal, but in absolute terms it is smaller than that of the comparison materials. In the range from 900 to 2,500 Hz, the sound radiation is already smaller than with bare sheet metal, although, as mentioned above, this is only reached with the comparison materials at approx. 3,200 or 5,000 Hz. The sound pressure level attenuation (db) compared to bare sheet metal is also greater across the entire frequency range than with the comparison materials.

The figure thus shows that the shock-absorbing mat according to the invention has excellent properties with regard to the dampening of noise generated by stone impact.

List of reference symbols 1 Artificial turf poles 2 Back tissue 3 Stabilization material 4 Stabilization layer 5 Artificial turf layer 6 Underclass 7 upper goods level 8th springy pile thread 9 lower goods layer 10 shock-absorbing damping layer 11 upper carrier layer 12 lower carrier layer 15 Soil layer 20 drilling 21 tea 22 slot 50 Spacer structures 100, 200, 300 Layer areas

Claims (22)

Protection claims 1. Textile damping material with the structure of a dimensionally stable and flexible, three-dimensional textile spacer structure (50),
marked by an upper fabric layer (7) and a lower fabric layer (9) which are made of monofilament or multifilament yarn and are connected to one another and spaced apart from one another by elastic pile threads (8). 2. Damping material according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile spacer structure is a spacer fabric (50), spacer woven fabric or spacer knitted fabric, wherein the pile threads <8) consist of shape-elastic monofilament wire. 3. Damping material according to claim 2, characterized in that the monofilament wire has a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm. 4. Damping material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the monofilament wire has a length of 2 to 20 mm, preferably 4 to 20 mm. 5. Damping material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textile spacer structure (50) is made of a plastic, preferably of polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride or mixtures thereof. 6. Golf tee mat based on artificial turf, comprising a backing fabric (2) with artificial turf poles (1) anchored therein,
marked by
a shock-absorbing material connected to the underside of the back fabric (2) ■IC *' ** a· · Damping layer (10) formed from a dimensionally stable and flexible, three-dimensional textile spacer structure (50) according to one of claims 1 to 5. 7. Golf tee mat according to claim 6, characterized in that the upper and/or the fabric layer (7, 9) are anchored in an upper or lower carrier layer (11, 12). 8. Golf tee mat according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by a base layer (15) connected to the underside of the shock-absorbing damping layer (10). 9. Golf tee mat according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the artificial turf poles (1) are embedded on their side facing the backing fabric (2) in a stabilizing layer (4) arranged on the backing fabric (2). 10. Golf teeing mat according to claim 9, characterized in that the embedding of the artificial turf poles (1) is carried out by a stabilizing material (3), which is applied as a solidified impregnation through the backing fabric (2) and additionally forms the stabilization layer (4) on the upper side of the back fabric (2). 11. Golf tee mat according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the thickness of the stabilizing layer (4) is 10 to 50% of the pile length. 12. Golf tee mat according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the thickness of the stabilizing layer (4) is 1 to 5 mm and the pile length is 5 to 25 mm. 13. Golf tee mat according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the stabilizing material (3) is a solidified plastic made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), preferably soft PVC, acrylate, butadiene styrene, polyamide (PA), polyurethane (PU), polyester (PES), mixed or grafted polymers of PVC, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyethylene (PE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), rubber, in particular ethylene/propylene rubber, PVC/acrylate mixtures or latex, or a solidified adhesive. - 16 - 14. Golf tee mat according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that the artificial turf poles (1) are semi-rigid monofilament pieces made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyester or PVC-vinyl, preferably made of polyamide or polypropylene, 15. Golf tee mat according to one of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that the backing fabric (2) is a tufted, woven, knitted or rustled fabric or a spunbond or a needle felt. 16. Golf tee mat according to one of claims 6 to 15, characterized in that the textile spacer fabric (50) is a rustled textile plastic fabric, the upper fabric layer (7) of which is made of multifilament yarn and the lower fabric layer (9) of which is made of monofilament wire. 17. Golf tee mat according to one of claims 6 to 16, characterized by holes (20) and/or slots (22) for receiving the tee (21). 18. Shock-absorbing mat for motor vehicles
marked by the structure of a dimensionally stable and flexible, three-dimensional textile spacer structure (50) according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which at least the lower fabric layer (7) has a water-permeable sieve structure.
25 19. Shock-absorbing mat according to claim 18, characterized in that the volume (2) between the upper and lower fabric layers (6, 7) forms a space extending continuously through the spacer structure (50). 20. Shock-absorbing mat according to one of claims 18 or 19, characterized in that the textile spacer fabric is a creased textile plastic fabric (50), the upper and lower fabric layers (6, 7) of which are made of monofilament wire. 21. Shock-absorbing mat according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the lower fabric layer (7) has an open area of 10 to 40% of the total area of the lower fabric layer (7). I ₇ V" 22. Shock-absorbing mat according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized by an intermediate layer applied to the upper fabric layer (6).