DE2839447A1 - Solar heating system for hot water and room heating - uses photosensitive or thermionic element mounted on rotary rollers - Google Patents

Abstract

The heating system for a hot water supply and room heating using solar heat collected, as in the main patent, uses photosensitive or thermionic elements instead of absorber plates through which a heat exchange fluid circulates. These elements have flat or gradually curved surfaces both sides which are radiation sensitive. They may be mounted on round or polygonal section rotating rollers, which may be e.g. sequare. They act both as current generators and as heat absorbers, and can be used to charge batteries. Their effect can be long term so that the charge built up in summer can be used in winter.

Description

Additional patent application for registration F

Title:

£ ^ - ^ -_-_ ■ "-_" Construction unit for heating and brewing hot water

T ^ τη r

..Register:

Dipl.-Ing. "Gerhard von Haeht pürerstr. 6000 Frankfurt

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Xn the main application P 28 38 3ij.0.6 or G 78 26 101 -5 a construction is described in which the surface plan Urnlenkspiegöl the solar or global radiation of a multiple larger radiation receiving surface on the surface of a plan absorber of a secondary collector with essential Concentrate smaller plane surface dimensions *

The urn-deflecting plane mirror used not only provides a larger radiation-collecting surface - larger collector window, but this construction also enables the plane absorber to be irradiated on both sides. %

In the parent application has already been described that as J flat absorber, a simple geschv / physicians metal plate as heating \ plate can use.

In the invention described below, the deflection plan mirror structure is used used to generate the solar and global rays

on a solar element surface, which instead of the flat absorber iir. Collector housing is arranged to steer.

In the same way as described in the main application, the solar modules can be developed be irradiated on both sides. One is therefore the Solsrelernente, who are delegated instead of the flat absorber, Equip both side flat surfaces with radiation-sensitive receiving layers. This doubles per solar

2 element panel, the efficiency per cm panel material.

In this .- / else is thus only one side is the double utilization counter \ fiber can be irradiated, conventional solar panels.

The use of the deflecting plane mirror construction described in the main application has another advantage. In the main application it was described how in the example a 6 m tall ** Radiation receiving area concentrated on the two plan sides of the absorber became.

For each plane surface area there is a radiation concentration uiu a factor of 1.5 seen on both sides, by a factor of 3

If solar elements that can be irradiated on both sides are used instead of the flat absorber, then this also results in an irradiation that is condensed by a factor of 3, ie. h, hits the solar element , zwnp on both sides, but a tripled photon irradiation

on. ί

Dss principle, through deflection plane mirror with a larger receiving | fl'-iciie, solar and global radiation on a much smaller |

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but solar element panels provided on both sides with radiation sensing surfaces to concentrate, results - in the example cited above - only three times the value in use compared to the previously known Solar elements that can be irradiated from one side.

If efficiency levels of around 15% have so far been achieved with solar elements that can be irradiated from one side, three times the utilization values can be achieved with the construction described in the present invention with the same element panel size.

The prerequisite is that the internal structure of the solar elements is not designed in such a way that their saturation range does not exclude the achievement of such high degrees of utilization from the outset.

Since the solar radiation is only given for a few hours during the day, the generated electrical power of the solar elements will first be stored in accumulator batteries until it is needed will.

Most of the energy required in the household sector (around 8 %) is used for heating. -It therefore suggests itself to find suitable methods that reduce the heating energy required to a minimum.

Various methods have already been described which essentially aim to achieve the required heating energy in the Reduce the household area through heat recovery processes and through increased thermal insulation of the building. These suggestions have become known under the term "zero energy house".

V / ater water and / or air-to-water heat pumps are used used with the help of which it is possible to reduce the energy to be supplied to the heat pump heating to a third of the heat pump output, the electricity demand of the heat pump to operate it.

A heat pump with a heating output of 10 kWh, for example only requires an energy supply of 3 * 3 kWh from the public power grid (or equivalent of fossil energy).

With the present invention, the power requirement is now proposed of the heat pump thanks to the "flat-plate collector construction" described above with double-sided solar elements to deliver.

If you choose large solar element surfaces that can be irradiated on both sides enough, one can fully cover the electricity demand of the heat pump. 030013/0083

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It should be noted that a heat pump is intermittent Operation generally only over 2/3 of a 2-hour day ages is switched on.

If you also note that central heating is mostly in the Night hours - for about 6-8 hours - are switched off, the daily operating time of the heating is reduced to about 16 hours a day, of which the heat pump in intermittent operation only lasts 2/3 of this time, i.e. h for about 11.6 Hours = is on for approximately 12 hours.

A typical 1-family house requires around 10 kWh of heating power. According to the preceding explanations, to ensure the heat pump electricity demand would be for about 12 hours of operation, provided by the solar system for 12 hours at 3.3 kWh = 36.5 kWh / day.

In the main application it was already described in the example that 1.8 kWh / m ² can be achieved from a radiation receiving area of 6 m by means of the deflecting plane mirror.

With about k hours of solar and global radiation, according to the example, an area larger by a factor of 2o = 120 m divided by Ij. Hours of sunshine = = around 1 (.O in reception area sufficient to generate around 36 kWh / day and store it in the accumulator batteries.

If the achievable degree of utilization of the solar elements, used on both sides, is about if.0 %, then this area (to get from [jo% to 1 oo % ) is to be increased again by two and a half times, resulting in a required area of 100 m ² .

A sloping, south-facing roof surface of a gable roof of single-family houses usually has at least one half the size of the roof area of around 10 - 12 m in length and in the direction of the roof ridge about a roof width of 7-8 meters.

With a given roof area of 12.5 8 m, exactly the roof size of 100 m ² that is required in our example is achieved.

A prerequisite for this, however, is that the south-facing one Saddle roof half (12.5 x 8 m) fully duroh through weatherproof

Panes of glass is covered, behind which the 'deflecting mirror constructions with the solar elements on both sides and the storage accumulator batteries are mounted in the attic.

According to these prerequisites, the heating requirement of an

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from the s'o'larenergie "are fully covered. Damio is there a so-called "zero energy house" technically and economically executable.

In the example given here, it was assumed that the sun shines for Iy hours during the day and so the storage accumulator batteries can be filled. Since this number of hours of sunshine is not always given, the idea is to choose the largest possible roof area in order to generate as much energy as possible and to store it in the accumulators.

If, instead of pitched roofs, south-facing, sloping flat roofs, so with a 1 £ ", 5> m long and also 5 m wide building, already Ίίμ | m of roof area achieved will.

If one fails to have a protruding roof, which, according to our example, would have to have a roof truss height of at least 1. £ m, a roof area of about 1 ½ "! 5 m = 225 m ~ is easily possible.

With such a roof area, reserves of more than 10O 55 can be achieved, or <_ daily are sufficient Sonnenstunuen from covering the electricity needs of the heat pump and to ensure the daily heating needs of the house.

For the production of the solar elements sensitive to radiation on both sides, Element structures made of vapor-deposited are of course suitable Layers. Glass ode serve as the carrier of the vapor deposition layers: clear plastic sheets, if necessary - as we will later will see - also black glass panes,

Instead of solar elements made of the well-known * Kalbleiter material, Thermionic Blernente can also be used, with which, with suitable training, significantly higher degrees of utilization (above Z5 &) can be achieved than with solar elements.

Of course, when using this, the possibility of double-sided irradiation by the Uinlenk plane mirror described in the invention will be used, so that the thermionic plate material used for the same area can again be expected to have a double use effect - i.e. about 70%.

Thermionic elements work on the basis of heat. It was already in the Hauptajnmeldung described that there is provision for the interior

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dt-s collector r.it a «Sormsn -'- ^ ö-klolaarstrahlungs-transparent to fill the medium and the radiated heat on a black sheet metal plate and on the heat transfer media. transferred to.

Instead of the black absorber sheet metal plate, you can also use the Solar or thermionic elements that are sensitive to radiation on both sides arrange.

The surfaces of solar elements are mostly black anyway, the surface of the thermionic elements can also be black

be formed so that the best possible heat radiation absorption is achieved.

In these cases, the one arranged in the collector fulfills both sides Radiation sensitive element surface two tasks. On the one hand it generates electricity and on the other hand it serves at the same time as an (absorber) heating plate, which transfers the solar and global radiation to the heat transfer medium.

At this point it should be remembered that the collector construction according to the main application, the second window pane of the collector window is wetted by the heat transfer medium, whereby. Otherwise heat loss occurring in this disc is more common 2-disc collectors are passed on to the heat transfer medium.

If the electricity stored in the accumulator batteries is not completely consumed by the heat pump, especially if a 10O % larger roof area is chosen, energy can still be diverted for lighting purposes and kitchen appliances, etc.

Accumulators are suitable for storing electricity over a long period of time. Since the summer accumulates much solar energy, but only a little energy for heating purposes, d * _s h operation of the heat pump requires wirdsollte by the huge rooftop solar mirror surface and solar element or Thermionie surfaces generated energy is stored until the winter time.

It would be detrimental to the idea of saving energy in the summer Any energy generated and generated with irradiation lasting many hours to leave the roof unused.

Although the present invention, the accumulator industry challenged in a new direction. Long-term accumulators with storage times of more than (S months.

As we know from other, commercial examples, however, lies

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such a requirement lies in the solvable area.

It should also be pointed out that when using solar and / or Thennionie elements that are radiation-sensitive on both sides Generates electricity as a flat absorber via the element panels while a heat exchange to the heat transfer medium can take place via their black surfaces.

This means that heat pump central heating is via the electrical path and, at the same time, domestic water is heated via the Niary carrier medium possible.

The advantages of the invention should be emphasized here once more;

1 . 3 times enlarged radiation receiving surface

2. Double-surface heat transfer on the absorber

3. Double-sided radiation sensitivity and use of solar and / or thermionic elements

k ' use of black, double-sided, optimal solar

and / or thermionic element surfaces as flat absorbers $. Large-area heat exchange to the heat transfer medium via the two flat sides of the absorber or to. the same place

used element surfaces
6. Reduction of heat losses on the second window pane

of the collector window
7- Isolierwandung is also the carrier of the surface plane mirror concentrators

B. energy-saving use of heat pumps

9. Sensible storage of solar energy in accumulators "ΐθ. 3-fold increased use effect compared to the previous one known and common solar heaters.

11. This results in:

a) simultaneous treatment of central heating and domestic water

b) Central heating via solar and thermionic elements Domestic water heating using a heat transfer medium

c) Generation of excess electrical energy to cover the electricity needs of household appliances.

Zero energy solution for single family homes without excessive V / poor recovery systems and oversized heat insulation !

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In addition, it should be shown that the construction proposal of a zero-energy house described in the invention, a number of Branches of industry and handicrafts affected. Some are listed here for an overview:

1 . Semiconductor industry:

Manufacture and delivery of the Solar-üad / or Thermionic-Element e.

2. Glass industry:

a) Manufacture of the collector window

b) Glass support plates for the elements γΞΞΞΞΞ c) Deflecting plane mirror

^ ==== d) Delivery of the glass material for glass roofs

ΞΞΞΞ. Ξ3. Plastic industry:

Manufacture of the thermal insulation of the collector

"- = - (with aluminum mirror foil)

ΞΞΞΞΞϋΙΐ-. Machine and apparatus construction:

J = T ^ zIi! Provision of the heat pumps

Profiled steel frame for collectors

^: --- 5 Accumulator industry:

T ~ Provision of long-term storage batteries

:: 6. Chemical industry:

Provision of the radiation-transparent heat transfer medium

■ - "Heat pump means

7. Roofing work

8. Heating installation works

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10. Advisory and planning workers by advisors Engineers and architects

The proposed ⁿ zero-energy house "solution therefore can in executable and wirtschaftlcherweise help save energy on a large scale and widespread Beschäftigungserrekt in least - cause shown here -Io various industrial and craft sectors and to create new jobs.

The invention thus belongs to the group of!. ' economically very valuable inventions.

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Claims (1)

IiItI it · * ■■ · CHUT CLAIMS: claim unit for heating and domestic water heating by oülarenergie using solar flat plate collector constructions according to main application P 28 38 3J4.O.6 and G 78 26 101 .5 characterized in that in the solar flat plate collectors according to P 28 38 3i | ü or G 78 26 101.5 instead of flat absorbers through which liquid flows, photo and / or thermionic clamps can be used, which are radiation-sensitive on both flat sides or slightly curved surfaces. Claim 2: Assembly as in claim 1 and this following, characterized in that in the flat solar collector constructions of the home application absorbers made of photo and / or thermionic elfomentefla'chen are used, which are mounted on rotating round or multi-surface rollers with a polygonal cross-section exist. Claim 3 A structural unit as in claim 1 and the following, characterized in that the photo and / or thermionic elements serve both to generate electricity and as solar heat absorbers in the solar collector. claim U · A structural unit as in claim 1 and the subsequent one, characterized in that the photo and / or thermionic elements are arranged in a solar collector with a liquid, radiation-transparent tm carrier medium. Claim 5 » Assembly viie claim 1 and the following, characterized in that the photo and / or thermionic elements arranged in the solar collectors charge accumulator batteries which completely or partially cover the power requirements of mono- or bivalent 'iärmejjuinpen. Claim 6: Assembly like claim 1 and these following, characterized in that the photo and / or thermionic .030013 / 0083 Ί Ί · Ι Vl: '":"': 233944? Elements charged accumulators derived from solar energy Store generated electricity over a longer period of time, charging the accumulators in summer while charging them in winter for heating central heating water or heat transfer media used instead, as well as for heating domestic water or used to meet the electricity needs of household appliances. Claim 7 t A structural unit as in claim 1 and the following, characterized in that a larger number of the Sonnen-Plach collectors are combined to form a large structure arranged in the roof of buildings or are assembled in the same way in the open air. _ _ r 030013/0083