DE2728422A1 - Fibrous cellulose material processing - with part charges treated in main pressurised reactor before passing through defibrator - Google Patents

Abstract

A method to convert wood from deciduous trees, bagasse, straw and other fibrous cellulose waste into animal food or raw material for structural panels includes a pressure treatment to break up the cell wall structure before shredding. The charge is subdivided in antechambers into part charges which are fed in turn into a main chamber for a continuous pressure treatment at a present residence time. The material is discharged with a partial pressure release, freed from fibres, and passed through a finishing treatment. Charging operations and the control of the process under optimum conditions are facilitated. Different charge compositions can be accommodated and the process can be adjusted to suit the required end product.

Description

Method and device for processing

Raw materials with fibrous components description The invention relates to a method and a device for processing of native raw materials with fibrous components, the possibly pre-shredded Input material for a pressure treatment to loosen or open up the cell wall bandage is subjected to defibration.

It is known to treat hardwood or bagasse with steam under pressure, to expose the fibrous structure of the cellulose components and as a lining for To obtain product usable for ruminants (CA-PS 933 028). Here are chips or chips of the raw material placed in an autoclave and exposed to Exposed to steam under pressure. The treated material should then be dried and up be stored for feeding.

Carrying out such or similar treatment of fibrous Raw materials, especially if they have a stalk-like structure, in each case individually Batches require a not inconsiderable amount of time for filling and emptying of the autoclave and also brings other inconveniences (e.g. low filling density) with himself. It therefore appears to be desirable to carry out the treatment continuously to be able to.

However, this results in problems in various respects, including that regarding the feeding of the raw material to the treatment process respectively. the introduction into a treatment vessel and the condition of the raw material in this Bring in, especially since straw-like raw materials tend to bridge in pressure zones.

The aim of the invention is to open up an advantageous possibility fibrous raw material of various kinds, such as straw, bagasse, wood and wood waste as well as other herbal substances with fibrous cellulose components when using a pressure treatment to obtain usable products, including animal feed and base materials for building boards to work up in an inexpensive manner. One should better control of the previously existing difficulties in feeding the goods to be reached for the pressure treatment and it should at the same time the treatment under favorable conditions be feasible. The invention tt; 11 in connection with it also show a way to use the good of the pressure treatment in a special appropriate condition. Furthermore, one should also focus on the pressure treatment subsequent further treatment of the input material take place in an advantageous manner can, especially with regard to the production of feed or other Products made from the fiber components of the raw material used. It will continue strived to take into account different operating conditions and a work-up to enable different raw materials. Further related to all of this Problems with which the invention is concerned will become apparent from the explanations given of the shown LotZuXn.

Essential features of the method according to the invention are set out in the claim 1 specified.

This method has numerous advantages. This is how it is made possible to carry out the pressure treatment as a continuous process and yet that Bring the raw material produced discontinuously and feed it into the process.

The partial batches can be given a defined size, and it can be achieved by introducing them alternately or one after the other these partial batches also achieve a defined feed in the treatment process. Furthermore, there is a good mastery of the registration process itself, whereby otherwise occurring difficulties, such as bridging, can be avoided. Another advantage is that the process can be used in certain areas of application, e.g. in the production of feed, also for small quantities to be processed such as about 100 kg / h to 200 kg / h is suitable, creating new possibilities for the use of a Treatment of vegetable raw materials will be opened and such treatment and processing of fibrous raw materials can also be used under conditions which so far did not allow this.

The invention also provides that the partial batches of the goods in the antechambers of a treatment that prepares the treatment in the main chamber be subjected. In particular, preheating or pre-cooking or Impregnation of the input material is intended, also with chemicals, primarily through Application of steam under atmospheric pressure or else under increased pressure, advantageously with a selectable temperature. The conditions for such a preparatory treatment can be extended according to the needs Ranges are selected so that you can also work with variable pressure levels can be. The main advantage is that the main process is completely evenly warmed up and pre-impregnated material can be fed, what has a very beneficial effect on the subsequent pressure treatment. Overall that represents Method thus a multi-phase treatment, each with the important parameters Temperature, pressure and time. In each phase, the medium to be supplied can include especially steam come into consideration.

The formation of the respective partial batch can take place under atmospheric conditions happen. But it can also be expedient to use the charge while generating a To introduce a pressure gradient into the respective antechamber, namely in such a way that that a negative pressure is generated in the antechamber during the introduction. Through this the registration process is not only accelerated, but also in its process kept uniform and trouble-free. Peeling off is particularly favorable of air from the antechamber. This facilitates and improves pre-treatment.

Furthermore, the invention provides that the respective partial batch at Presence or formation of a pressure gradient between the antechamber and the main chamber is introduced into the latter. This makes it trouble-free even in difficult cases continuous entry achieved without the risk of bridging To the treatment in the main chamber can, in particular, result in mechanical defibration at one between the pressure of the main chamber and the atmospheric pressure Subjected to pressure and then washed at atmospheric pressure. Depending on The requirements can then be followed by further processes.

But it is also possible to put the goods in the main chamber after the treatment to be taken from this with complete pressure release and immediately afterwards to wash.

The process according to the invention is suitable for working up a wide variety of different fibrous raw materials. The range goes from annual plants to woods, so Substances with different biostructures. Examples of hardwoods, straw, Bagasse, oat husks, corn cobs and other organic native materials called will. Due to the wide range of options for influencing variables and parameters, The invention allows the treatment medium and the possibility of pretreatment also to work up different materials one after the other, for example when in the process one year, depending on the growth and harvest of different plants, also more different Raw material accumulates at one and the same place of use. That was already mentioned also processed smaller amounts of raw material that were not previously usable can be.

The invention is also a device with a the pressure vessel used to treat the input material, the one or has several connections for treatment medium. This device identifies through at least two for the respective inclusion of partial batches of the input material certain holding tanks, each of which has a lockable inlet and over a lockable connection path is connected to the pressure vessel.

The barriers in the connecting paths from the reservoirs to the Pressure vessels are triggered manually or, in particular, by a sequence or program control to be operated in such a way that goods are introduced into the pressure vessel from a pre-container is filled in or in one or more other pre-containers while good be pretreated. There is practically a continuous introduction of the goods in the pressure vessel.

In the pressure treatment of the goods used steam is the pressure vessel expediently mainly fed from below.

This creates an additional movement or whirling up of the goods causes and a further improvement and equalization of the digestion process achieved.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention result from the following description with reference to the drawing in which an embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown schematically is, as well as from the claims.

In the embodiment shown, the device contains two for receiving of partial batches of the input material certain pre-container la, Ib, each of which has one Has inlet port 2a, 2b with a shut-off device 3a, 3b. Above the latter sits a funnel 4a, 4b or the like. The raw material can be in any way are brought in from a bunker or other supply, for example by means of a conveyor belt. The reservoirs are upright pressure vessels, the lower one Parts each take up a screw conveyor or in the housing of a screw conveyor 5a, Sb open, whose drive motor 6a, 6b can be remotely controlled and, if necessary, in his Speed is adjustable. The lower end je-'I; FBrderers 5a, Sb stands over one Nozzle with remotely operated shut-off device 7a, 7b with a total of the number 8 designated pressure vessel in connection. This is like an autoclave or Pulp digester and contains in the illustrated embodiment an in its longitudinal direction extending screw 9, which by means of a remotely switchable and preferably in its speed controllable drive motor 10 is rotatable. With the Numeral 12 is a steam pipe with at various points its length from below called branches opening into the pressure vessel 8. This distribution line 12 is connected to a supply line 11, which is from a steam generator, not shown comes and e.g. steam with a temperature of about 1900 C and a pressure of 12 bar leads. A branch line 13 also leads from this supply line 11 to each of both Reservoir, each via a remotely controllable Shut-off valve 14a, 14b. In the one behind the outlet of the branch line 13 Part of the steam line 11 is a pressure reducer or in the embodiment a pressure holding device 15 of known type built in, the pressure on the subsequent Part IIIa of this line and thus the pressure in the vessel 8 reduced to a somewhat Holds value, e.g. at 11.5 bar.

Remote shut-off devices are connected to the two reservoirs la, 1b 17a, 17b each have a further steam line 16 connected, which relaxed Steam with a temperature of about 100 C leads.

At the outlet end of the pressure vessel 8 there is an outlet nozzle 18, which has a remotely controllable shut-off device 19 with a total of the number 20 designated defibrator is in connection. This can be done in accordance with the exemplary embodiment in particular be a single-disc refiner, which has a drive motor 21 and a has a screw conveyor 23 which can be driven by motor 22 and which leads to the refiner disk 24. A line 25 leads from this defibrator 20 to a blow-out and washing device 26, which can be fed with water via a line 27. From this device In the embodiment shown, the steam line 16 also goes out.

In the embodiment, the pressure vessel is at the outlet end yet another outlet port 28 is provided, to which a remotely controllable shut-off element 29 a line 30 also leads to the device 26.

The method according to the invention can be carried out using an apparatus of the kind explained can be carried out, for example, as follows.

Raw material, e.g. wood chips or shredded stalk-like products, Chopped straw or the like., Are introduced into the hopper la via the feed hopper 4a, the shut-off element 3a open and the shut-off element 7a at the end of the conveyor 5a is closed. This introduction can be carried out under atmospheric pressure, can be carried out in particular in the presence of a pressure gradient to the process to make it even cheaper. This can be done in particular during the introduction into the Reservoir la a negative pressure can be generated, namely by means of a steam jet ejector 31, which via a line 33 containing a shut-off element 32 with steam from the line 11 is fed and from each of which a suction line 34 or 34a, 34b to the two reservoirs la, Ib via remotely switchable valves 35a or 35b leads.

If the pre-container la is filled with the desired amount of charge, the shut-off element 3a is closed and the Ejector 31 switched off or the valve 35a is closed and the shut-off element 17a is opened so that Now steam from the line 16 flows into the reservoir la and the one located therein Warms up well. Instead of using steam at atmospheric pressure, such a warm-up can be done or pretreatment can also be carried out with steam under pressure, for example when using heavier goods to be unlocked, in which case the shut-off element 17a remains closed and instead the shut-off element 14a for the pressurized steam supply line 13 is opened.

At the end of the pre-treatment or pre-impregnation, the conveyor 5a of the reservoir la switched on and the associated shut-off element 7a opened. The pretreated input material is now in a controlled process and more defined Amount introduced into the pressure vessel 8. This transfer of the goods from the pre-container la in the pressure vessel 8 is supported by the pressure drop between the two spaces. As explained, in the pressure vessel 8 by means of the device 15 e.g.

a pressure of 11.5 bar is maintained while the pressure of the front of the device 15 taken from the line 11 and fed to the reservoir la, e.g. 12 cash. If the previous pretreatment of the goods is carried out in the reserve not with such steam, but with relaxed steam or in some other way, like this In such a case, the pre-container la is then used for introducing the goods into the pressure vessel 8 by opening the valve 14a with the valve 17a closed Pressurized steam.

While the pre-container la is being emptied, the pre-container Ib is filled and the input material is pretreated therein, as previously in connection with the preliminary container la has been explained.

By alternating work, whereby immediately after submitting the Good things from one reserve are switched to the pressure vessel on the other hold can be, a proper feeding of the pressure vessel 8 is possible, so that in this the steam pressure treatment by the via line 11a, 12 supplied Steam can take place continuously. If there are more than two reservations, this means that you can work cyclically.

At the end of the treatment in the pressure vessel 8, the material arrives when it is open Shut-off device 19 in the defibrator 20, where the final defibration takes place. The pressure in the defibrator 20 is advantageously lower than in the pressure vessel 8 the example chosen, it can be, for example, 8 bar compared to 11.5 bar in the pressure vessel 8, what by one on the nozzle 36 of the defibrator 20 or the conveyor of the same connected pressure relief line 37 can be effected with pressure holding device 38 can. As a result, the material is exposed to the defibrator when it passes over from the pressure vessel 8 20 a pre-relaxation facilitating or introducing the defibration, which then after passing the disk 24 of the defibrator 20 the complete defibrillation Final relaxation against atmospheric pressure follows.

Is it good that the process at the end of the pressure vessel has already reached a state with regard to the further desired Treatment or processing does not require passage through a defibrator, so this material can with the shut-off device 29 open via the line 30 directly the blowing and washing device 26 are supplied to which the material in the other Case from the output of the defibrator 20 via the line 25 arrives.

The device is expediently provided with a control device, in such a way that the individual elements are operated from a central control panel 40 can be, so for example the shut-off devices 3a, 3b, 7a, 7b, 19, 29 in the way of the goods, the shut-off devices 14a, 14b, 17a, 17b, 35a, 35b, 32 for the steam lines etc. For each element a manual remote control can be provided and it In addition, the entire process can be controlled according to a program that can be specified in each case, elements of a sequential control system can also be present. Control lines are partly indicated with dash-dotted lines. Only as an example is the numeral 41 denotes a measuring and / or control element that is on the pressure and / or Temperature state inside the pressure vessel 8 responds and a valve 42 or the like. in the steam line 11a and thus the steam supply to the pressure vessel 8 is influenced. Suitable control and regulating elements are available to those skilled in the art, so that on it need not be discussed in detail.

The illustrated embodiment, including that of the treatment medium and the state of what has been said is not to be understood in a limiting sense.

Ball valves, among other things, can be used as shut-off devices for the routes of the goods smooth passage, solids slide, if necessary with steam rinsing, and other suitable Elements come into consideration.

In the context of the invention, the pressure vessel can instead of a screw 9 also one of two parallel and cooperating with each other or with theirs Threads partially intermeshing snails contain existing system. The interaction of the screws means that they are self-cleaning held in a favorable manner.

Another advantageous embodiment is shown in the drawing the device according to the invention can be seen in the at the end of the pressure vessel 8 an outlet device 45 is provided, from which a line 46 to a condenser 47 leads. This allows from the end of the pressure vessel or digester 8 in a predeterminable Way, steam can be removed and degassed. With such a degassing of towed steam can formed furfural and acetic acid be removed from the process or

Remove the pressure vessel, thereby eliminating subsequent reprocessing steps be relieved.

The steam supply to the reservoirs la and lb takes place in the frame the invention advantageous so that by the inflowing steam a turbulence and thus a movement of the goods takes place. This will be special expediently the steam inlet nozzle is arranged tangentially on the reservoir.

The pressure vessel can deviate from the illustrated and illustrated embodiment an upright autoclave or other treatment vessel that carries out the process a continuous cooking process, especially in such a training, that a defined or easily predeterminable residence time of the goods is achieved in each case leaves. In addition to a cooker with a screw, vessels with other built-in components can also be used for this purpose or facilities come into consideration.

All mentioned in the above description or in the sign ;. -g features shown should, if the known state of the art allows it, on their own or also in combinations as falling under the invention will.

Claims (20)

Claims Process for the processing of native raw materials with fibrous components, in which the possibly pre-shredded material is a Pressure treatment to loosen or open up the cell wall bandage for one Is subjected to defibering, characterized in that each of the charge material Partial batches are formed in antechamber and these partial batches are successively or in an alternating sequence of one carried out continuously and with a predefinable dwell time Treatment under pressure in a main chamber, from which the goods are fed at least partial pressure relief is removed and defibrated, in order to then to be subjected to follow-up treatment. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the partial batches of the goods in the antechambers of a preparatory treatment in the main chamber To be subjected to treatment. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the good is subjected to a pretreatment using steam in the antechambers. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the pretreatment is done under pressure. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the feedstock enters the respective antechamber while generating a pressure gradient is introduced. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that in each case a partial batch in the presence of a pressure gradient between the antechamber and main chamber is inserted into the latter. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the material undergoes mechanical defibration after treatment in the main chamber a pressure between the pressure of the main chamber and the atmospheric pressure and then washed at atmospheric pressure. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the material after treatment in the main chamber from this under complete pressure release is removed and washed immediately afterwards. 9. Device for processing native raw materials with fibrous Components, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the claims 1 to 8, with a pressure vessel used to treat the input material, the one or has several connections for treatment medium, characterized by at least two pre-containers intended to receive partial batches of the input material (la, lb), each of which has a lockable inlet (3a, 3b) and a lockable connection path (7a, 7b) is connected to the pressure vessel (8). 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that each Reservoir (la, Ib) is equipped on the outlet side with a conveyor (5a, 5b). 11. Device according to one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that that each reservoir (la, lb) to a device (31) for generating a negative pressure can be connected in the reservoir. 12. Device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that that each reservoir (via, Ib) by means of a controllable element (14a, 14b) a steam pressure line (11, 13) can be connected. 13. Device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that that each reservoir (la, lb) by means of a controllable element (17a, 17b) a line (16) can be connected for relaxed steam. 14. Device according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that that the pressure vessel (8) with devices to achieve a defined residence time is equipped for the estate. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the Pressure vessel (8) with a rotatably drivable one running in its longitudinal direction Screw system (9) is equipped. 16. Vox htung according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized by at least one steam line (12) opening into the pressure vessel (8) from below. 17. Device according to one of claims 9 to 16, characterized in that that a defibrator (20) is attached to the pressure vessel (8) via a lockable connection (19) connected. 18. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the Defibrator (20) a blow-out and washing device (26) is connected. 19. Device according to one of claims 9 to 18, characterized in that that to the pressure vessel (8) via a lockable connection (29) a blow-out and Washing device (26) is connected. 20. Device according to one of claims 9 to 19, characterized by a central control device (40) for at least some of the actuatable Elements or Setting parameters of the device.