DE2725392A1 - PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR FORMING A SINGLE METALLIC WORKPIECE - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney

Dipl.-ing. Visitor Jackiscti Z Stuttgart fi. Menzelstraü «4Q - 6 - 9 7 9 K ^ Q 2

1 3, June 1977

Western Electric A 35 735

Company, Incorporated
195 Broadway-New York, HY 10007
United States

Method and device for forming a single, metallic workpiece

The present supplementary invention relates to a method and to a device according to the main patent (patent application P 26 55 323.1).

For the manufacture of elongated products int it is known To use hydrostatic extrusion techniques, in which a hydrostatic pressure is applied to a metallic workpiece within a chamber is to be created in such a way that the workpiece material is in the ductile state when the workpiece is arranged through an opening within one at the other end of the chamber Die is driven (cf. DT-OSn 22 55 866 and 26 40 746).

It is also known in the above context to use a lathe with a plurality of such a device to provide openings parallel to the die, whereby a multitude of elongated products at the same time when the workpiece is driven through this die

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(see U.S. Patent 3,901,065). Ss has however has shown that "very high pressures are involved in the simultaneous hydrostatic extrusion of a large number of elongated products are required for this purpose. These high pressures bring about sealing prohlerne as well as increased costs for the production that Transfer and maintenance of the prints within the used Hydraulic fluid with it.

An improvement of the aforementioned, known devices to the effect that a large number of elongated products can be produced by means of hydrostatic extrusion at reduced operating pressures, takes place in accordance with the proposal of the main patent in that a die of the forming device has two rows of openings which run parallel to one another and disposed along associated first and second transverse paths, respectively, of similar shape, wherein dit; Openings of the second row are offset from the openings of the first row so that they are opposite the spaces between the openings of the first row and a staggered arrangement of closely spaced, discrete openings to increase cross-shear stresses within the workpiece at the entrance of the die between adjacent openings form when the single, metallic workpiece is driven against and through the die, and that the order forming device is further provided with means for driving a workpiece against the die, which operates with sufficient pressure so that the various parts

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of the metallic workpiece through each of the discrete openings of the first and second rows of openings simultaneously with the Distribution of the metallic ', chunking material under the effect of the cross-shear stresses pass through such that the plurality of separate elongated metal products arises.

The task of the present additional invention is to to supplement and further develop the method and device according to the main patent.

The sub-task aimed at creating an improved method is, according to the invention, described in the characteristic of claim 1 specified features solved.

The sub-task aimed at creating an improved device is, according to the invention, described in the characteristic of claim 2 specified characteristics solved

Advantageous refinements and developments of the device according to claim 2 are characterized in claims 3 to 7 .

The invention comprises methods and devices for workpiece deformation, which provide a die designed in such a way that the simultaneous production of a plurality of individual, elongated metal products from a single metallic workpiece reduced operating pressures required

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are. This matrix comprises a plurality of discrete openings which extend from an entry wall of the die in the longitudinal direction, wherein the openings are arranged and the areas of the template entry wall are formed such that the cross shear stresses occur in the workpiece material between adjacent die openings, ". · Hen the Workpiece driven against the die entry wall. These cross-shear stresses make a significant contribution to the separation of the workpiece material into a large number of individual pieces, which then pass through the die openings and form the elongated metal products. In this way, the workpiece can be driven through the Die lower pressures than can be used in the devices according to the prior art.

Particularly advantageous mat groove design to create the desired cross-shear stress includes a die body which has first and second, discrete, longitudinally extending openings, each opening having an inlet end which lies along an entry wall of the die body. The die entry wall has first and second entry surfaces, of which the first entry surface is positioned laterally next to the inlet end of the second die opening and runs obliquely across the inlet end of the second opening to the inlet end of the first opening, and of which the second entry surface is positioned laterally next to the inlet end of the first opening and is inclined

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extends across the inlet end of the first opening to the inlet end of the second opening. In this way a essential part of the flow of the metallic material of a metallic pig piece driven against the entry wall along two adjacent, essentially intersecting and following the first and second entry areas respectively steered. The first entry directs a laugh to a first Part of the metallic material past the second opening, into the first, while the second entry surface diverts a second portion of the metallic material past the first opening into the second opening, whereby the desired cross-shear stress I.iuster is created.

Another possibility is to combine the die with a first and second group of discrete, closely spaced, to provide longitudinal openings which are arranged along two adjacent rows running in the transverse direction are. The openings of one l-ieihe uincl opposite the openings of the other row so offset that they have a stepped .Anordnung of form closely spaced, discrete openings. The openings of each of these rows can advantageously be round, square or rectangular, with adjacent openings preferably substantially contiguous along their adjacent corners nudge. Furthermore, are also in this embodiment appropriately designed Sintrags wall surfaces provided in accordance with the design of the above-described

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A first and second one ragc-'Yandf laugh. 7 / during extrusion of a workpiece through such a die Cross-shear stresses of considerable magnitude at the closest points between adjacent ones Die openings on, making such an extrusion at relatively low pressure levels can take place.

The invention, with its further details and advantages explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a view of a first embodiment of a Multi-hole die, which according to the invention Gage for making a variety of separate, elongated metal products when propelling a single, metallic workpiece through the liatric orifices using a relatively low working pressure, e.g. using hydrostatic extrusion techniques, can be used, the illustrated liatric embodiment two forms has discrete openings of circular cross-section;

Figs. 2 and 3 cross-sections through the die according to FIG. 1 along the section lines 2-2 and 3-3 in Pig. 1, to illustrate certain entry areas along an entry wall of the die according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 4 is a view of a further embodiment of a multi-hole die with two discrete, square openings, which in a similar manner to the Ma-

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trize after Pig. 1 can be used;

Pig. 5 is a view of a third embodiment of a Multi-hole die with two adjacent rows of discrete, non-touching, square Openings which are similar to the Pig. 1 can be used;

Pign. 6 and 7 enlarged cross-sections through parts of the matrix according to Pig. 5 along the section lines 6-6 and 7-7 in Pig. 5> around certain entry areas along a Entry wall of the die according to Pig. 5 to illustrate;

Pign. 8 and 9 views of two further embodiments of a multi-hole die with two adjacent rows of discrete, at the corners of adjoining square openings or two adjacent rows discreet, non-touching round openings, each of these embodiments being similar Way like. The die according to Pig. 1 can be used;

Pign.iO-u. 11 side views of parts of two metallic Workpieces and a variety of separate elongated metal products made using the matrices according to Pign «, 8 and 9 are made from the two metallic workpieces, and

Pig. 12 shows a longitudinal section through part of a device for driving Y / piece pieces against and

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through an ifehrlochmatrize, for example a the multi-hole matrices according to FIGS. 1 to 9 to make a variety of separate, rural metal products at the same time.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the die 11 has a first one Opening 12 and. a second opening 15, both openings 12 and 13 extend in the longitudinal direction through the die body. The openings 12 and 13 can, for example, have a round shape have, as shown in FIG. 1 for the Ilatrize 11. Instead of The openings 12 and 13 can also have a round shape have any other desired shape, for example a rectangular or square shape as in FIG. 4 is illustrated with reference to two openings 12A and 13Λ, the run in the longitudinal direction through an Xatrize 11A.

The die 11 (Figo 1) comprises an entry wall 14, which Part of the die'11 bjJdei, which from the view 1 can be seen and the openings 12 and 13 surrounds. The entry wall 14 contains several surfaces, for example the surfaces 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is indicated. Of these areas of the entry wall 14, there is a first entry area 17 and a second Entry area 20 most important for the present invention. The first entry area 17 runs, as can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 3 can be seen, at least from a point laterally next to an inlet end 21 of the second opening 13 under a

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certain axial distance from this inlet end 21 to an inlet end 22 of the first opening '< 2, wherein it runs obliquely over the inlet end 21 of the second opening 15 to the inlet end 22 of the first opening 12. In a similar way, the second entry surface 20 runs from at least one point laterally next to the inlet end 22 of the first. Opening 12 at a certain axial distance from the inlet end 22 to the inlet end 21 of the second opening 13 ', whereby it runs obliquely over the inlet end 22 of the first opening 12 to the inlet end 21 of the second opening 13. An axially or longitudinally extending wall surface 23 (FIG. 3) adjoins the adjacent side edges of the first and second entry surfaces 17 and 2u in the borrowed inlet end 21 of the second opening 13. A similar, but oppositely arranged, longitudinally leading wall surface, which is covered in Fig. 3, but lies essentially in the same plane as the V / amlfläche 23, adjoins the adjacent side edges of the first and second entry surfaces 17 and 20, respectively near the inlet end 22 of the first opening 12. These two longitudinally extending wall surfaces lying essentially in the same plane are represented in FIG. 1 by a line provided with the reference numeral 23, which runs between the relevant inlet ends 22 and 21 of the first and second openings 12 and 13, respectively.

The so far described arrangement of the first and second openings 12 and 13 and the first and second entry

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surface 17 or 20 is used when driving a single, metallic V / Erkstücks against the input wall Η in create a pattern of cross-shear stresses on the workpiece. These cross-shear stresses are used for cutting or to support the separation of the metallic workpiece material into two parts, which are then separated by each of the openings 12 and 13 pass therethrough. A cross-shear stress pattern can be created in this way the implementation of the metal forming process with reduced working pressures. In particular, when driving the individual metallic workpiece against the entry wall 14 a \ 7essential part of the flow of the metal material along two guided by adjacent, essentially intersecting, the first and second entry surfaces 17 and 20 following flux paths, the first entry area 17 having a first, indicated by an arrow 24 in FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrated part of Metal material diverts past the second opening 13 into the first opening 12, whereas the second entry surface 20 shows a second part illustrated by an arrow 26 of the metal material past the first opening 12 and into the second opening 13. The resulting pattern of the Cross-shear stresses in the metal material can be illustrated in more detail by considering the substantial crossover of the adjacent arrows 24 and 26 in FIGS. 1 and 3 can be understood. This stress pattern is similar to the Stress patterns, which result from the usual shearing devices in workpieces made of metal or other Limaterial.

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be called.

In FIGS. 5 to 7 is the principle of generating a Cross-shear stress pattern between two adjacent ones Openings of a die expanded to a liehrlochmatrize. The die 31 of Figure 5 includes a number of discrete openings, each of which is longitudinally through the body the die 31 runs. In particular, the openings in arranged two groups, of which a first group of openings 32 along a first row 33 and a second Group of openings 34 is arranged along a second row 36. The openings 34 of the second group are so in Positions opposite the spaces 37 between the openings 32 of the first group offset that a stepped Arrangement of closely spaced, discrete openings, such as the one in Pig. 5 illustrated arrangement will. In particular, openings 32 or 54 are in each Row 33 and 36 in positions opposite the spaces between the openings 34 and 32 of the other row 36 or

33, that is to say that all of the openings 32, 34 except for the respective end-side opening 32 and 34 of each row 33 and 36 are arranged so that the end opening 32 and

34 of each row 33 or 35 opposite a location outside of a single adjacent opening 34 or 33 in the other Row 36 and 33 respectively.

The die 31 comprises an entry wall 38, which den

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gen part of the liatric area 31, which from the view according to Pig. 5 can be seen and the stepped arrangement of the openings 32 and 34 encloses. The entry wall 38 extends obliquely inwards to along two characteristic surfaces, namely a first entry surface 39 and a second entry surface 41, which extend along a line 42 in the Lütte cut between the first and second rows 33 »36. the

Entry area 39 includes inlet ends 43 of the second group

of openings 34 of the outer sieve 36, whereas the second

Entry area 41 inlet ends 44 of the first group of

Openings 32 of the first row 33 comprises. Each of the first and second entry surfaces 39 and 41 can be practically flat. The arrangement of the various openings 32 and 34 cooperates with the shape of the first and second entry surfaces 39 and 41 to the effect that the Fluü of the metal material of an individual, against the entry v / and 38 driven metallic * »7erY, trucks generally along two lines intersecting footpaths, which the first and second entry areas 39 and 41 follow and thereby over the second and first row of openings 56 and 33 respectively flow, with the first entry surface 39 being those indicated by arrows 46 in FIGS. 5-7 portions of the metal material illustrated directs which transversely from the spaces between the openings 34 of the second group in the openings 32 of the first Group run, and furthermore the second entry area 41 at the same time those illustrated by arrows 47 Parts of the metal! Material diverts which crosses from the

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Gaps 37 between the openings 32 of the first group extend into the openings 34 of the second group. The resulting "uoter of Rreuz shear stresses in the lie tall— material results from consideration: the substantial crossover of the two groups of arrows 46 and 47 in FIGS. 5 to 7.

In Fig. 8, a further embodiment of the invention is illustrated by means of a die 31A, which comprises first and second groups of discrete openings 3 <-A and 34A, which in first and second rows 35A and 34A liin ;; s second and v /. first entry areas 41A and 39A are arranged. The structure explained so far is similar to the structure of the Liatrize 31 according to FIGS. 5 to 7. "However, as can be seen from I ¹ Ig. 3, the arrangement of the rectangular, for example square, openings 32A and 34A of the IJatrise 31A is such that a mutual boxing Relationship between adjacent rectangular openings of each of the two rows 33A and 36A is along adjacent right angled corners of the adjacent openings, with the first and second entry surfaces 39A and 41A intersecting along a line 42A which encompasses these adjacent right angled corners is driven against and through the die 31A, occur in the metallic -, Verkstüclanaterial in a similar Y / 'iron, v "/ ie above with reference to the die 31 according to FIGS. 5 to 7 explained _? Cross-shear stresses. These cross-shear stresses

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are special near the adjacent right-angled corners strong and separate or assist the separation of the metallic Yi workpiece material into a number separate parts with a square cross-section. Each of these separate. Parts occurs through a different of openings 32A and 34A and forms one of the many separate elongated metal products produced simultaneously with a square cross-section.

In FIG. 9, a further embodiment of the invention is illustrated with the aid of a die 31B, which first and second Groups of discrete openings 32B and 34B extending longitudinally through the die body. The openings 32B and 34B are in two parallel, transverse rows 33B and 36B in a division similar to FIG the die 31 according to Mgn. 5 to 7 arranged. Any of the openings 32B and 34B has a round cross-section, so that the die 31B can be used to produce a number of round, elongated products is capable. Adjacent openings 32B and 34B of different rows 33B and 33B, respectively 36B are interconnected by a line 23B which corresponds to line 23 in Pig. 1 corresponds and that in the longitudinal direction extending wall surface 23 according to Pig. 3 represents. The openings 33B and 36B are preferably spaced as closely as possible, so that in the material of a single metallic workpiece driven against and through the die 31B Cross-shear stresses of significant magnitude occur.

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These cross-shear stresses have the previously explained, general patterns and help in reducing the amount of driving the workpiece against and through, the lathe 31B required prints as they shear off the workpiece material cause or support during the forming of the workpiece.

Based on the Pign. 10 and 11 is the state of a single, metallic workpiece 51A or 513 during forming in the associated die 31A and 31B according to FIG. 8 and Pig. 9 illustrated. When the workpiece 51A or 51B is in a conical mouth section of the llatrize 31A or 31B enters, its diameter decreases continuously along an initial deformation zone 52A or 52B until the Y / piece comes into the immediate vicinity of the die openings 32A, 34A or 32B, 34B. The for example in the! "Near the first and second input surface 39A or 41A of the lathe 31A according to FIG Pig. 8 occurring, above-mentioned cross shear stresses achieve a size sufficient to separate the workpiece material into a number of individual ones, through which Openings 32A, 34A and 32B, 34B of the die 31A and 3IB, respectively to cause elongated metallic products 52A or 52B passing therethrough or to support it.

In Pig. 12 are the essential parts of a preferred device for use according to the invention Matrices, such as matrices 31A and 31B, arrange

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schaulicht, by means of which a large number of elongated 3 products, e.g. 53A and 533, can be manufactured at reduced working pressures. The device shown is described in detail in LT-OS 26 40 146. The device comprises a number of gripper parts 56 extending from left to right in the plane of the drawing Pig. 12 can be moved forward. As they move forward to the right, the sections 56 are a continuously increasing Subjected to compression pressure, as indicated by the arrows 57 increasing in size from right to left is indicated.

A single metallic V / segment 53, for example a copper or aluminum bolt of unlimited length, is surrounded on its outer surface with a hydrostatic vibrator 59, for example beeswax or polyethylene wax. The shear stresses transmitted via the hydrostatic means 59 serve to move the ". '/ Erlcstücks 53 forwards from left to right in the plane of the drawing E ¹ Ig continuously increasing size, whereby the workpiece 58 is considerably more ductile and therefore more suitable for extrusion. In addition to its property as a shear force transmission medium, the hydrostatic means 59 also has lubricating properties and therefore serves to lubricate the openings in a die 60 through which the work-

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piece 58 is extruded, whereby the axial forces required for extrusion are reduced. Such an extrusion ex "follows due to the shear forces within the material when the workpiece 53 is driven against the die 60 and through its openings, while maintaining a suitable ductility of the Y / piece by means of the compression pressures applied thereto these ^T, 7eise a plurality of elongate products 61 is prepared. the stored in a suitable die holder 62 LIatrize 60 may be formed in accordance with the dies 11, 11A, 51, 31A or 31B or according to another, the 3rfindungsgedanken embodying form.

It will be understood that the methods discussed above and devices are only examples of preferred embodiments of the invention. In other embodiments According to the invention, the inlet openings can be different, for example non-square rectangular cross-sections with or without Contact between adjacent corners of the adjacent openings may have and / or other arrangements which have openings to produce the desired cross-shear stresses, for example curved instead of rectilinear groups of openings and / or other suitable devices for driving a single metallic workpiece Provide through a multi-hole die, for example a device according to DT-OS 27 09 416. In addition the idea of the invention can also be implemented in other numerous configurations.

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Claims (7)

13 Sep 1977 Western Electric P 27 25 392o5 Company, Incorporated 195 Broadway A35 735 Iiew York, N.Y. 10007 UoS.Ao ^r (New) claim 1 Process for forming a single, metallic workpiece, in order to produce a multitude of separate, elongated metal products at the same time, in which the single, metallic workpiece is driven against a support wall of a die, which has at least a first and a second, has an opening penetrating the die in the longitudinal direction, v / obei the flow of the metallic material of the individual, metallic workpiece is controlled at the same time, in such a way, that transverse shear stresses occur in the workpiece material between adjacent die openings when the workpiece is driven against and through the die, according to patent ... "(patent application P 26 55 323 ° 1), thereby marked i c h η e t that a substantial part of the material flow along two adjacent, essentially intersecting Flow paths is directed with one of the two adjacent flow paths past an inlet end of the second opening runs along the entry wall up to and into an inlet end of the first opening along the entry wall, while the other of the two adjacent flow paths past the inlet end of the first opening to and into the inlet end of the second opening runs into it. 809838/0507 2. Device for forming a single, metallic workpiece in order to simultaneously produce a large number of separate, to produce elongated metal products with a die, v / elche on one end face an entry wall and at least first and second, the latrine in the longitudinal direction having penetrating, discrete openings, wherein each opening is arranged along the entry wall Inlet end, characterized in that that the entry wall has first and second entry areas, of which the first entry area is next to the side the inlet end of the second opening is positioned and obliquely across the inlet end of the second α opening extends to the inlet end of the first opening, and from which the second entry surface is positioned laterally next to the inlet end of the first opening and obliquely over the Inviting end of the first opening towards the inlet end of the second opening extends in such a way that a substantial Part of the flow of the metallic liatarial one against the entry wall embossed, metallic front piece lengthways two adjacent, essentially intersecting and the first or second entry surface following river paths is steered, the first input surface a first part of the metallic material at the second opening steers past into the first opening and the second entry surface a second part of the metallic material 609838/0507 - 3 - 2725382 steers past the first opening into the second opening so that a pattern of cross-shear stresses in the metallic material is caused by driving the metallic workpiece against the entry v / and, and that a device is provided for driving the individual, metallic workpiece against the entry v / and mit sufficient pressure to force the first and second pieces of the metallic y-piece through the first and second, respectively Openings simultaneously with the division of the metallic workpiece material under the effect of the cross-shear stresses pass through such that a plurality of separate elongated metal products is formed. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized that the first and second discrete openings are spaced apart and that the die further comprises longitudinally extending wall sections for separating the first and second entry surfaces between the first and second openings. 4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that each of the first and second discrete openings is rectangular in shape, with adjacent, rectangular openings along their neighboring Corners practically butt against each other. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized 809838/0507 - C - draws that each of the first and second openings is square. 6. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized that the die has the following additional features: (a) In addition to the first opening, there is at least one further first, discrete opening and in addition to the second opening, at least one further second, discrete opening is provided, the additional first and second openings penetrate the die in the longitudinal direction and each have an inlet end arranged along the entry wall; (b) the inlet ends of the first opening and each additional first opening are arranged along a first row and the inlet ends of the second opening and each additional two + .en openings are lengthways - «- a second, the row adjacent to the first row, v / ob ei those arranged with their inlet ends along the second row Openings have an opposite, offset position with respect to that with their inlet ends along the first Occupy a row of openings arranged in such a way that a stepped arrangement of closely spaced, discrete openings is formed, and (c) each of the additional first and second openings is assigned one of many additional entry areas, each of the first, second, and additional 809838/0507 ^"5-2725332 Entry surfaces at an angle to the relevant inlet end of the first, second or associated additional first and second opening runs towards and thereby obliquely over the inlet end of at least one of the side adjacent first, second, additional first or additional second openings. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized that the first entry area and each additional entry area one of the additional, essentially in the same plane lying first openings is assigned and that the second entry area and each additional entry area one of the additional, substantially in the same plane lying second openings assigned. 809838/0507