DE2553262C3 - Spreadable silage additive - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a spreadable silage additive according to the preamble of the claim.

The preservation of fresh green forage for silage is one of the most important measures in the field of feed technology on the farm. For controlling the fermentation process towards an intensive one Lactic acid fermentation with a high feed value is known to exist in silage aids that are used during introduction of the ensiling material must be added continuously and as evenly as possible.

These are substances with very different mechanisms of action:

(1) Molasses and other feedstuffs containing sugar are a source of nutrients for musk acid bacteria.

(2) Inorganic acids (e.g. sulfuric and phosphoric acid)

= Lowering of the pH value, growth inhibition for harmful microorganisms, favorable Milieu for musk acid bacteria.

(3) Organic acids (e.g. formic, vinegar, propionic and Sorbic acid)

= Mild lowering of the pH value, selective influence on the growth of the microorganisms (Bacteria, yeast and other fungi).

(4) Preservatives (e.g. nitrites, hexamethylenetetramine, formaldehyde, sulfites)

= Germ-inhibiting effect while largely sparing the musk acid bacteria.

(5) Inorganic salts (e.g. calcium, sodium, magnesium phosphates, etc.)

= pH and osmotic influence on the fermentation environment.

(6) Organic salts (e.g. calcium and sodium salts of formic, acetic, propionic and sorbic acid)

= Selective influence on growth and preservative Effect.

Only a few of the substances mentioned have proven to be effective in agricultural practice. Against some, especially categories (2) and (4), there are health or metabolic physiological factors Concerns.

Silage production has increased steadily in recent years. Advances in cultivation and ensiling technology, the requirements for an ensiling additive have changed significantly. Expanded the cultivation of silage maize and silage-technically advantageous grass mixtures. Both plants deliver

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bO a silage with a high content of fermentable «; η carbohydrates and relatively low buffer capacity. With the correct ensiling technique, the primary fermentation process leads to pure or predominant lactic acid formation and a sufficient lowering of the pH value (maize silage around pH 4, grass silage around pH 5). A silage additive in the conventional sense, ie an even concentration in the entire forage stock, is unnecessary and is also very expensive.

On the other hand, the nutrient losses and quality reductions caused by the so-called "secondary fermentation" increased significantly. It is biochemically not a real fermentation (= anaerobic fermentation), but an aerobic carbohydrate and acid breakdown with subsequent protein breakdown. Endangered is the air-silage interface to a depth of about 20 cm. This area is in every filled silo available. The interface: content ratio is the worst in the widespread flat silos. During the removal and retrieval of goods to be stored, new interfaces are constantly being torn. With the onset of the warmer season, the degradation processes accelerate at these points making the silage completely unusable.

Most affected are those primarily flawless fermented silages of particularly high quality in terms of feed value, such as corn and wilted grass silages. The naturally Existing yeasts consume the remaining carbohydrates with a strong increase as well as lactic acid. The pH value rises and now offers aerobic spore binders, coliforms Bacteria and finally mold have sufficient development opportunities. In areas of inferiority Oxygen supply, anaerobic spore formers disseminate while increasing numbers and viability the desired musk acid bacteria is severely restricted.

Through undesired fermentation products (acetic acid, butyric acid, protein breakdown), energy losses and in digestible to toxic metabolic products of the rapidly multiplying germs the silage is incompatible and worthless for the animal. Flatulence, diarrhea, refusal to feed and intoxication are one side of the feed damage, the other is the loss of digestibility, protein and energy. Here nutrient losses of 20% and more are easily found.

The invention sets itself the task of avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages and a spreadable Silage additive for surface protection of freshly prepared or later cut or removed from storage To find silages. When carrying out tests it has been shown that the subsequent Applying one of the above-mentioned silage aids does not guarantee adequate protection. Frequently There are also changes in taste. At least as important as direct germ inhibition is namely the biochemical stabilization of the silage substrate. It is the prerequisite for a beneficial effect of the direct germ-inhibiting compounds.

It has been found that the substrate-specific requirements for a silage additive are ideal Way through the harmless inorganic salts of certain polyvalent cations can be realized with hydrolysis properties in an aqueous medium. The commercially available ones are suitable Sulphates and chlorides of aluminum, iron,

Magnesium «2nd also calcium, with or without crystal water, individually or combined, in a certain Amount in the silage additive.

The subject matter of the invention is defined by the patent claim.

The Siiage addition according to the invention affects all of them essential biochemical reactions and milieu shifts that are responsible for the oxidative secondary fermentation losses. It acts

selective bacteriostatic (germ-inhibiting and regulating),

fungistatic (anti-fungal, preservative), pH-lowering and stabilizing, protein-coagulating, water-binding and osmo-regulative.

The salts mentioned in the silage additive according to the invention develop in contact with that in each Cell water contained in silage has a strong hydrolytic acidity, causing the pH value locally to 3.5 and is lowered lower. Since the inorganic salts cannot be consumed, their neutralization via biogenic basic compounds, in particular from the protein metabolism, requires a relative amount long time. Because also the protein breakdown is due to the precipitating effect of the polyvalent ions, which are is directed against both protein-splitting ferments and against reproductive microorganisms, sustainably delayed.

The chemical and physical water connection is also of considerable importance changes the osmotic properties of the silage substrate to the detriment of the microorganisms. Salts free of crystalline water bind part of the water chemically. But even at full saturation according to its chemical formula, the dissolved salt creates a different osmotic pressure. Finally work also the strong polarization of the silver-valued cations opposes the development of the microorganisms.

Viewed as a whole, the activity of the bacteriostatic and fungistatic substances is determined by regulating the pH value and by coagulating and the water balance of the microorganisms blocking compounds sustainably strengthened and for Maintain sufficient feeding time. An advantageous taste coordination enables a surface protection in safe effective dosage.

The following examples illustrate the properties of the silage additive according to the invention explained:

1. Spreadable silage additive, consisting of:

40.0 TI. Calcium propionate

18.0ΊΊ. Aluminum sulfate

16.5 tsp. Sodium chloride

13.5Tl. Magnesium sulfate

12.0 tsp. Molasses 100, OTl. pH 5.2

This silage additive was superficially in a corn silage with approx. 27.0% Tr.S. incorporated. In order to achieve the effective concentration of 1.0% in the top layer of 20 cm, a dosage of approx. 1.0 kg / m ² silage surface was necessary.

2. The same silage was treated with 1.0% of a silage additive of the following composition:

33.0 tsp. Calcium propionate 20.5 Ή. Caldumformate 22.0 parts of aluminum sulfate

7.5 teaspoons of sodium chloride 5.0 tsp. Iron sulfate

12.0 teaspoons molasses 100.0 teaspoons pH 4.6

3. For comparison, a commercially available silage additive based on a combination of inorganic nischer salts, used with 1.0%.

4. For comparison, a commercially available combination of inorganic salts + calcium propionate with 1.0% was used.

5. An untreated corn silage served as a control.

The containers were filled in October 1974 and opened at the end of May 1975, in which samples were 3-4-5 the upper 20 to 25 cn discolored dark brown. The silages treated according to Examples 1 and 2 had in contrast, retain their original light yellowish color.

With the opening of the container and the removal from storage After a cool start-up period in the warmer weather, the post-fermentation process of the maize silage process quickly and intensively. The course can be recorded by following the temperature as well as chemically by determining the pH value, the content of total acid, sugars and N-compounds. For a quick check, even under practical conditions pH value and total acidity are suitable best.

Samples 3-4-5 behaved in the same way: the pH value, originally at 3.5, rose to 5.9 within 14 days. At pH 4.5

The first colored ones appeared and at pH 5.9 they became clear olfactory and structural changes. Three days later the silage reached pH values around 7.5. They had completely discolored, had become damp and greasy, made one very uncomfortable men odor and were no longer used as feed to use.

The silages treated according to 1 and 2 were at pH 4.0 after 14 days and at 4.5 3 days later. They were only slightly changed in structure, smell and color and were taken in by the cows without hesitation. A further 7 days later pH 6.7 was reached. Despite the structural and color changes that were now in place, the silage could be fed without difficulty, especially since the smell is better and more typical. was maintained more than the increase in pH would have led one to expect.

The exposure attempt was repeated at the end of June / beginning of July 1975 when it was very hot. Samples 3 - 4 - 5 showed a pH increase within 6 days. increased from 3.6 to 7.6 measured. In samples 1 and 2, pH 7.4 was reached after 10 days. The contents differentiated even faster than the pH values of total acid: starting from an average of 2.34% in the fresh mass, the samples contained 3—4—5

bo only about 0.30% remained after just 2 days, while in 1 and 2 it was still 2.13%.

The spreadable silage additive according to the invention has the ability to reduce the bio chemical breakdown processes that affect the feed value reduce and, in the event of an uncontrolled course, completely exclude feeding, considerably reducing the risk of wasting at low outside temperatures in the

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Winter and spring several weeks and in the summer tariffs are largely ineffective in practice, even

A delay of several days facilitates the ongoing use of high, expensive dosages. These men

supply of perfect forage, even from older ones, gel, which leads to a strong reluctance of farmers

not optimally placed or cracked silo led to the use of silage aids.

stick. s ben, are scattered by the invention

Silage additives without substraf-specific compounds silage additive eliminated.

Claims (1)

Claim: Spreadable silage additive for surface protection of freshly prepared or later prepared ">" cut or stored silage in the form of a combination of inorganic and organic Compounds with bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties, characterized in that that he as inorganic compounds aluminum, iron or magnesium sulfate alone or combined, or aluminum, iron, magnesium or calcium chloride alone or combined in proportions of 5 to 40 percent by weight. i ">