DE250921C - - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE.

PATENT LETTERING

- M 250921 - CLASS 42 d. GROUP

MAX ARNDT in AACHEN.

Patented in the German Empire on December 20, 1910.

The invention aims to automatically disengage the pen or the like of the recording device of an instrument or apparatus etc. as soon as a certain air or gas overpressure, which is the same or approximately the same for all measured variables, is in the interior of the instrument or apparatus etc. in question H. or a corresponding negative pressure H occurs.

ίο For this purpose the pen of the registration device can with a body independent of the Schreibfederanhubvorrichtung per se, be connected to be operated by the internal gauge pressure of the instrument special device such that it is moved away i at the entrance of a acting in the interior of the instrument specific pressure H from the recording paper .

In the drawing Figs. 1 and 2, an apparatus for performing the method z. B. shown in connection with an air pyrometer; however, it can also be applied to others instruments that operate periodically under air, gas or liquid pressure Find use, e.g. B. on gas absorption apparatus.

The Luftpyrometer shown in Fig. 1 consists of a channel K of the measuring temperature t ₂ exposed airspace D _2, k by means of its shank and a line a on the one hand by a line b with an outside air temperature t _x exposed Luftabfangraum D _1, on the other hand, by a Line b ^{1 is} connected to an air space D ₃ , which is part of one of the one barrier liquid, for. B. Mercury q ¹ , containing spaces D ₃ D ₄ existing manometer C represents. Furthermore, the pyrometer is provided with a pressure generator D according to patent 218502, which consists of a water inflow x, a pressure pipe fi and an intermittently acting lifter g ₄ q ₅ and by means of a line I with a barrier liquid, z. B. mercury q ¹ , containing container dd ¹ , whose tube d ^{1 leads} to the air interception space D ₁ and has a tube c opening into the outside air, which delimits _{the air interception space D 1} through its lower mouth.

The registration device A consists of the pen f, the hanger f ¹ , the writing lever ß ² and the rod e ^x with the float s ² , which is located in a container h ¹ , which by means of a barrier liquid, for. B. Mercury q ³ , communicates with a second container A ² and by means of a line 0 with the water pressure pipe φ. The registration lever e ² can have a detent e ³ .

The pen f or its linkage f ¹ is provided with a loop r ⁵ or the like for connection to a release device R.

The drawing Fig. 1 shows, for example, yet another device, shown dotted for lifting the pen f, the

consists in the fact that a float S _{3 is} arranged in the pressure pipe p , which hangs on a rope f ' guided over pulleys f ^h fs and is almost balanced by a weight g suspended on a rope f ^c guided over a pulley f ^{e, while with} The pen f ^{a is} connected to a rope f ^b guided over a pulley f ^d , which has a loop r ^s similar to that of the pen f drawn on the other hand.

The Abrückvorrichtung R for the pen f consists z. B. from the float s ¹ located in the manometer C , its rod r ¹ , the two links r ² r ^s and from the release rod r ⁴ controlled by these links, which engages in the loop or the like r ^{s of} the pen f . A detent r ⁶ determines the rest position of the releaser R when the float s ^{1 is released} .

A clockwork drum u keeps the recording strip i in slow rotation.

The drawing Fig. 1 shows the pyrometer in the idle state. The level of the mercury q ¹ lies in a plane n ¹ , that of the mercury q ² in a plane n ² and that of the mercury q ³ in a plane n ³ . Furthermore, the pressure pipe p is lifted out, and the now open pipe c allows the pressure equalization against the outside air inside the pyrometer, just as the pipes I and 0 are now open.

Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of an air pyrometer, which differs from that according to Fig. Ι essentially in that the uplift float s ² for the registration unit A directly in the pressure pipe c connected to the air interception space V ₁ , namely in its extension c ^{1 is} arranged, and that between the pressure generator D and the container d for the mercury q ¹ an air space / and between this container d and the air interception space V _1, a second mercury container d ^{1 is} switched on.

Furthermore, an adjustment space y can be switched into the air line b O ₁ between the interception space V ₁ , the measuring space v ₂ and the space v _{3 of} the manometer C , for the purpose of using a liquid ζ or solid body at different lengths of the Air ducts bb _x always have a certain large total internal air volume

= V ₁ + v ₂ -f v _a 4- b + I ₁ + y - ζ

of the stationary pyrometer. Of course, the adjustment space y can also be arranged elsewhere, e.g. B. directly on room V ₃ of manometer C.

The air interception space V ₁ can be given any appropriate shape, for. B. conical, and limited by the plane n _a and n _e or consist of two rooms v _a v _b , of which one room v _a through the planes n _a and 11 _h , the other v _h through the planes n _b and n _e is limited. The volume of the space v _a is dimensioned in such a way that the total amount of air intercepted at the beginning of the measurement process between the air space v ₂ or between its shaft a and the interception plane n _a under atmospheric, i.e. barometric air pressure B (the measurement space V ₂ intended to be closed off) is compressed to the pressure B and H as soon as the internal measuring pressure H is set as a result of the displacement of the air from v _a by mercury, whereupon the pressure also in the manometer C by displacing a volume of mercury v _c from v _a an air volume v _c under the pressure B and H sets.

The space v _b (in V ₁ ), on the other hand, is dimensioned in such a way that, when mercury penetrates, it provides a sufficient amount of air to press an air volume v _e into the measurement space U ₂ so that the measurement pressure B and H also occurs in this.

Adjustment devices can be added to all pyrometer rooms.

The pressure pipe p and the intermittent lifter q _t q _{s of} the pressure generator D can rest on an enlarged container E or be connected to it. Depending on the choice of the size or the capacity of this container E and the regulation of the water inflow χ , the duration of the measurement pauses can be regulated.

The pyrometer shown in Fig. 1 works as follows:

Water flowing out of the inflow χ gradually rises in the pressure pipe p and in the siphon leg § ■ *. Here, first ¹ Q ⁰ water flows through pipe I to the vessel d, so that a water pressure column now forming in p displaces the mercury q ¹ from the container d through pipe d ¹ to the room V ₁ and thereby a shut-off of the pipe c causes against the atmosphere with mercury, whereby in the interior spaces V ₁ bb ¹ V ₃ α k V _{2 of} the pyrometer a certain amount of air from the total volume of these spaces is intercepted under atmospheric pressure.

Upon further rising of the water in the pressure pipe p urges now the ascending in the spaces V ₁ mercury q ¹ a part of the air from V ₁ in the Pyrometerinnere so that enters. Latter a water pressure on the mercury corresponding air compression, as a result, the mercury ^ ¹ in pipe c rises higher than in room V ₁ and the mercury q ² in room V ₃ sinks, whereas in room V _{4 it} rises, so that the mercury level difference in the air interception or air intake

displacement space V ₁ between two levels n ⁱ and w ^{5 shows} the progressive internal air compression, as in the case of manometer C a mercury level difference between two levels n ^e and n ⁷ .

If the water in the pressure pipe φ then reaches the pipe ο and now also loads the mercury q ^s , the latter sinks in the vessel A ² and rises in the vessel h ¹ , whereby the float s ² sets the recording device A with the pen f in motion, which the latter is raised at least to the level of the top graduation of the registration strip i as soon as the pressure pipe φ begins to be lifted out, through which all pyrometer parts are returned to their resting state.

The pipe ο is arranged on the water pressure pipe φ at such a height that it only receives the pressure to operate the registration float s ² when the amount of air that is required to compress the inner pyrometer air volume, excluding the measuring room volume v _% , is displaced from room V ₁ on the pressure H is required.

The dotted lifting device ■ for the pen f ^a comes into action analogously to the register A , as soon as the water in the pressure pipe φ gives the float s ³ such a buoyancy that the weight g rotates the pulleys f ^h fs f ^e f ^d and thereby causes the stroke of the pen f ^a so that it is at least at the top graduation of the registration strip i when the float s ^{3 has covered} its greatest stroke before the pressure pipe φ is lifted out.

When air is displaced from the interception space V ₁ , part of it also enters the space V ₂ and is immediately expanded by the heating from I ₁ to t _2, i.e. it takes on a larger volume in space v ₂ than before in space V ₁ . Accordingly, upon entry of a particular great measurement pressure H is displaced from the spaces ^ ₁ quantity of air to the smaller, the greater the temperature difference t ₂ - t _x, is therefore at a certain barometric pressure is greatest when the temperature in V ₂ equal to the Temperature is in V ₁ , i.e. at t ₂ = I ₁ . The pyrometer is now adjusted so that the swimmer s ¹ at t _x == t ₂ does not get the buoyancy it needs to move the pen f from the mercury column H in the container v _t until the pen f is at the top graduation of the recording strip i arrives; so the longest line is recorded on strip i at t ₂ n = I _x . If, on the other hand, t _{2 is} greater than I ₁ , the measurement pressure H , which remains the same or approximately the same for all temperature differences t _{2 - Jf 1} , occurs earlier due to a larger amount of air that is more effective inside the pyrometer, i.e. which is expanded in V ₂ by the heat, and the pen f is therefore also withdrawn earlier, i.e. the shorter the line, the greater the temperature difference t ₂ - 1 ₁ . This process is a consequence of the fact that the pressurized water in the pipe φ to generate the mercury columns H in the pipe c and in the container v _t needs to exceed the pipe I leading to the container q ¹ until the pen f moves away, the greater t _% - t is _x ; accordingly, the plane w ⁴ or w ⁵ also falls to different heights for different temperature differences t ₂ - 1 ₁ , but the pen f is always moved away from the recording strip i as soon as the measuring pressure H occurs, and it is then irrelevant for the measurement that has already been recorded that the water in the pressure pipe φ now rises even further up to the siphon, thus increasing the internal pyrometer pressure still further and raising the pen that has already been removed, since only the two equal high mercury pressure columns H in pipe c and in manometer C for the actual measuring pressure be considered alone. .

The pen f is moved away by means of the float s ^{1 in} such a way that it rotates the link r ² r ³ coupled by the rod f ⁴ about their axes by means of its rod r ¹ , so that the rod r ⁴ moves the loop r ^h when it moves sideways the pen f grasps. The swimmer s ¹ can immerse himself in the mercury q ² even at rest if he has free play until the handlebars r ^s r ^{3 are rotated.}

The pipe 0 (Fig. 1) can also branch off from the pipe I of the pressure generator φ. Furthermore, both the pipe I and the pipe 0, each for itself, a special pressure generator, for. B. each receive a special siphon pressure pipe φ.

The pyrometer according to FIG. 2 acts similarly to that according to FIG. 1 as follows:

During the measurement pause, space E , which has been drawn down, fills with water, which then initiates the measurement process by penetrating into space I under the pressure of the column of water now established in the pipe φ , compressing the volume of air so that the latter is released from space d mercury q ¹ displaced, whereupon this exceeds its resting level n ¹ in room d ¹ and thus initially an inner pyrometer air volume that has been under atmospheric pressure is intercepted as soon as the mercury q ^{1 reaches} a level n _a . As the mercury q ¹ continues to rise, it enters the space v _a and the tube c, in which the mercury pressure column is now set up, which causes the air to be gradually displaced from its interception space V ₁ into the interior of the pyrometer.

works. This happens in such a way that, if one thinks that the measuring room V _{2 is} closed off, and when the mercury q ^{1 then reaches} the level n _b , i.e. the upper limit of the room v _a , the air in the room v _b , in the pipes b, b _v would be so compressed in the adjustment vessel y and in the manometer C; * this would cause the mercury q ¹ in the float ^{tube c 1} to rise to a level n _c , in the manometer C, i.e. in its left leg, however, from a level n ² to a be so decreased level ^"6 in a volume v ^e, so that now in float tubes c ¹ a mercury H ¹ and a mercury H would have formed in the manometer C (right), both pillars would maintain balance. If one now thinks the air line to the manometer C is shut off, but the one to the measuring room V ₂ is opened, then when the mercury q ¹ exceeds the level n ^b , the air displaced from the room V ₁ or from its room v _{b would be displaced} now pressed into the measuring space v ₂ , so that under the pressure of a mercury column H ₂ = H, ^{which finally rose higher in the float tube c 1,} the air in the measuring space v ₂ would be compressed to the pressure H by an air volume v _{e pressed in.} The volume of air given off by the room v _{b required for this is greatest when (} the measured temperature t _{2 is} the same as the outside temperature t [.

The above discussion should make the purpose of the illustrated in Figure 2 shape of the Luftabfangraumes V ₁ or its spaces v _a v _b course, which consists in the fact that the registration float s ² the various temperature differences t ₂ ■ -. Gets proportional I ₁ corresponding to possible stroke what z. B. in the drawn in Fig. 1 cylindrical shape of the air interception space D ₁ does not apply without further ado, since there the upper boundary plane n ^{5 of} the pressure column H in the pipe C for various temperature differences t ₂ - I ₁ not proportionally, but downwards progressively smaller distances, therefore the use of a proportionally divided recording paper i can only take place if the recording unit A is provided with a device (not shown) for reducing the progressively different strokes of the float s ² (Fig. 1) to proportional deflections of the pen f .

At o ° C. the measuring space v _{2 has} a volume. a ₈ , which, however, is

⁵ ^ bischen material expansion coefficient k for each degree C. by the heat t ₂ enlarged to a volume

V ₂ = zv ₂

(v ₂

ecm

· 'So that falls when the. Pen f in the measurement space v ₂ penetrated air volume v _e at different measurement space temperatures t ₂ different, ie at a barometer level B and a pressure H is

i> 2 _a -β ~ ΎΤψ ' ^{ccm at} °° ^C

ητ + Ίί

ί) ^ccm

(3)

Since the volume v _e is now formed during the measurement process from a part v _{d of} the air volume v _b taken from the air interception space V ₁ , namely from the heating of this air part v _d from the outside temperature t _x to the measurement temperature t ₂ , this is exclusively for Compression of the volume V ₂ from B to B -f H required air volume

t,

4- 273

+ φ ^{ccm at}

C.

From this, heryor assumes that in a cylindrical air interception space V ₁ (Fig. 1) the displacement mercury q ₁ in its individual corresponding level heights does not rise proportionally to the temperature differences t ₂ - t _x , but rather the individual relative level differences with increasing temperature difference t ₂ - 1 ₁ approximately become progressively smaller, so that the _{remaining air in the space ^ 1} when the pen f is moved away

v _r = V ₁ - (v _a + νJ ccm.

(5)

is, ie inversely progressively larger; consequently, the float s ^{2 of} the drawn register A (Fig. 1) receives a disproportionate stroke and the division of the paper strip i must be progressive if a reduction device for proportional stroke of the pen is not switched on ^{between the float s 2} and the pen f.

In order to avoid such a reduction device, the space v _{b of} the space V ₁ according to FIG. 2 can, as shown, be given a shape that approximates a hyperboloid of revolution. This is done for the purpose that in this space v _b the air displacement mercury ^ ¹ in its individual displacement quantities to be determined from equation (4) rises in such a way that the distances between its various level heights for a temperature difference t ₂ - 1 ₁ of z. B. 100 ° C. turn out to be the same size and accordingly the float in the tube c ¹ and the pen f for every 100 ° of the difference t ₂ - 1 ₁ receive proportionally or approximately proportionally failing strokes.

In the pyrometer shown in FIG. 1, h ¹ h ² q ³

Barometric influences on the measuring processes are balanced out as the manometer h ¹ h ² q ^z is actuated solely by the water column above the inlet pipe ο at the pressure generator ft , whereby the float s ² receives an even lift and immediately on the pen f a rising of the Pressure water column in ft corresponding uniform or proportional movement am

ίο Recording paper i receives as long as the spring is not removed. However, since the float s ^{1 of} the manometer C pushes the pen f off when the measuring overpressure H occurs, the instant of this pressure onset however depends on the different failures of the two mercury levels w ⁴ and n for a certain temperature difference t _% - t _{x at different barometer readings} ⁵ in V ₁ and e, the spring f draws a line, the length of which _{corresponds to the true temperature difference i 2} - t at any barometer level.

The manometer C can also be designed in such a way that it allows air to escape or enter the inside of the pyrometer, for the purpose of preventing excessive overpressure or underpressure in the pyrometer if the water flow χ to the pressure tube ft before the end of a measurement is interrupted and the temperature t _% then rises or falls.

The pyrometer shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is one in which air is pressed into the measuring space V _{2 for measuring purposes.} In the case of a pyrometer, the measuring chamber V _{2 of which,} conversely, air is withdrawn by suction for the same purpose, the pyrometer parts also work in the opposite sense.

For the possibility of using the manometer C and the retraction device R for the pen f for purposes other than pyrometric purposes, one only needs to imagine that instead of the air space v _s, any part of any other measuring instrument or apparatus or the like, operating under periodic air or gas pressures . The like. Is connected to the pipeline b B ₁ , for. B. the absorption space of a gas analysis apparatus.

The space d or the space ^ ₁ or both spaces d and A ₁ at the same time can, like the space V _{1, be} hollow-cone-shaped or have the shape of a hyperboloid of revolution.

To generate the operating pressures of the pyrometer according to FIGS. 1 and 2 or to move the pen f , any devices other than those shown and described can also be used; Thus, for example dipping bells are used in liquid instead of the float, can likewise the means f for moving away of the pen as well as the pressure gauge C are replaced by equivalent means, such latter. B. by a spring pressure gauge; Furthermore, the individual pyrometer parts of both FIGS. 1 and 2 can be used alternately. In general, the pyrometer is shown in the drawings only as an example and can also be any other equivalent design.

Claims (14)

Patent Claims: 1. Device for recording the measurement result periodically under air, gas or instruments and apparatus operating fluid pressure, in which the recording means automatically from the registration . area is moved away, characterized in that the automatic move away of the registration means from the registration surface with the help of the internal measuring pressure recording manometer takes place as soon as the measuring overpressure or underpressure is the same or for all measured variables reached almost constant size. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pen o. The like. (F) with one of the pen lifting device in itself independent, here operated by the internal pressure of the instrument other special device (R) is connected in such a way that it when Entry of a certain measuring pressure (H) from the. Registration surface (i) is moved away. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the attaching device (A) for the pen (f) is actuated by a float (s ² ) which is arranged in a mercury pressure tube (cc ^1). 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting device (A) for the pen (f ^a ) is actuated by a float (s ³ ) which is arranged in the pressure generator (ft) of the instrument. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting device (A) for the pen (f) is actuated by a float (s ² ) which is arranged in a manometer (h ¹ h ² ) which is only beginning to act after a part of the measuring pressure has already occurred inside the instrument, when it occurs and further increases, the float (s ² ·) and the pen (f) only begin to lift. 6. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the Abrück- device for the pen ff) consists of a parallelogram (r ^z r * r ^e ) operated by a float (s ¹ ), the link of which (r ^s r *) pushes the release rail (r *) in all positions parallel to the registration surface (i ) to allow the pen (f) to move away by means of a loop (r ⁶ ) located on it. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the float fs ¹ ) of the device for moving the pen ff) according to claim 6, a manometer (C) is associated , which acts independently of the lift of the pen ff) causing device. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure generator (D) or its pressure pipe (p) is connected to a vessel (E) whose self-filling and self-emptying cause the duration of the measurement pauses. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the air line between the air interception space (D ₁ ), the manometer (C) and the measuring space (v ₂ ) of a pyrometer o. The like. An adjustment vessel (y) is switched on, for the purpose to give the air in the connecting line (bb ¹ ) between the named rooms a certain initial volume. 10. Embodiment of the device according to claim 1, characterized by a device which prevents by letting out the pressure medium or by letting in air that the measurement over or under pressure for any reason is too large or too small, what purposes z. B. one or the other of the. 40 two pressure gauges (C or h ¹ A ² J or both pressure gauges can serve at the same time. 11 embodiment of the device .After claim 1, characterized in that the Luftabfangraum (V ₁₎ of a Luftpyrometers is designed tapered to the different level of heights to allow the precipitate in said space (vj invading compression mercury (q ¹⁾ about the individual measured quantities corresponding to . 12. Embodiment of the device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air interception space (ν _Λ ) of a pyrometer has two compartments (v _a and v _b ) , for the purpose that the mercury (q ¹ ) from the one compartment (v _a ) Displaced air causes the compression of the air duct volume inside the pyrometer, while part of the air volume displaced from the other compartment (v _b ) is used to compress the air in the measuring space (v, J ) exposed to the measuring temperature (t ₂ ) to a measuring pressure (H) corresponds to the required amount of air. 13. Embodiment of the device according to claim i, characterized in that the compartment (v _b ) of the air interception space (V ₁ ) according to claim 12, which gives the amount of air required to compress the air in the measuring space (v ₂ ) to the measuring pressure (H) , is given a special shape (about that of a revolution hyperboloid) for the purpose that in air pyrometers in this compartment (v _b ) the air displacement mercury (q ¹ ) in its individual displacement quantities to be determined from equation (4) rises in such a way that the distances between its different level heights for the individual temperature differences (V- tj of e.g. 100 ° C. turn out to be the same, so that accordingly the float (s' ^z ) and the pen (f) for each 100 ° of the temperature difference ( t ₂ - I ₁ ) received proportionally or approximately proportionally failing strokes and consequently not a device (not shown) on the registration device (A) for the reduction of progressive deflections to proportional deflections is required. 14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the writing device is actuated by a special manometer (h ¹ h ² q ³ s ² ) which acts independently of the measuring pressure (H) inside the instrument, for the purpose of barometric effects on the measuring processes to compensate as much as possible by the different effects of two pressure gauges (C and h ¹ h ² q ³ ). . 1 sheet of drawings.