DE2436864A1 - Mixed rubbish processed to thermoplastically pressed panels - contg. about 50 per cent other material of high specific surface - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of making pressed or extruded components from thermoplastically workable matls., such as communal or industrial waste, is as follows: the starting matls. are sorted to remove matls. of low specific surface thus concg. those of high specific surface and the thermoplastics; this mixt. is pressed to give a raw matl. which is hot-pressed to give finished moulding or blocks. Between the firt pressing and the hot-pressing the matl. can be granulated to (2X2)-(10X10)mm. size. Pref., the concn. of matls. having high specific surface is sufficient to give a thermoplastics content of 40-60%, so that no additional binding agent is required. Ballistic sepn. and wind-sifting may be used, opt. also magnetic sepn. Process is used in processing waste, an enriched mixt. of 50% thermoplastics, 50% paper, textiles, etc. can be formed into smooth panels.

Description

"Process for the production of bodies, namely pressed parts or extrudates made of thermoplastically processable materials. "The invention relates to a method for the production of bodies, namely molded parts or extrudates made of thermoplastic processable fabrics.

It is known that thermoplastic waste generated in plastics processing factories, which are present without contamination of non-production substances, after comminution to be fed back into production.

It is also known in the manufacture of thermoset Plastics to use paper and textile chips or textile mats as fillers.

In addition, it is known to dry and sieve from garbage compost and air sifting to win fractions for use as fillers in thermosets, these do not replace the precious, petroleum-based resin, but rather only other fillers, such as rock flour.

Thermoplastics of various types are in the garbage in small amounts Shares available. For example, municipal waste contains around 2 to 4 percent by weight Plastics, mainly thermoplastics. These come mainly from bags, sacks and foams such as styrofoam.

The invention is based on the object of a method for recycling the household and Thermoplastic components containing commercial waste to accomplish.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in a method of the above mentioned type solved in that the thermoplastically processable substances through Separating and processing batches of raw materials such as municipal waste, business waste, Rasp and / or sieve residues from garbage composting plants etc. with enrichment of substances with a high specific surface and the content of thermoplastics Plastics are obtained as press raw material and under the action of heat and Pressure on the press raw materials to be formed into the bodies.

The press raw materials that are suitable for thermoplastic processing are made up of the various enriched thermoplastics and non-thermoplastic parts from municipal waste. It has shown, that, surprisingly, despite the inhomogeneous composition with regard to the plastics and the non-plastic components of the MÜ 1S, which are used as fillers, are the pressed raw material obtained through the simple action of heat and pressure, e.g. in presses or in extruders can be deformed to the bodies. As a result of the application of heat, they melt thermoplastic components and thus replace the valuable synthetic resins that in the known processes in the plastics industry for the production of moldings are used and merge with the non-plastic components from the Garbage into solid, smooth and dense bodies on the surface.

The fact that the substances are separated from the starting materials with a high specific surface area are mainly used as fillers the fibrous non-plastic components of the waste are used such as textiles, papers and cardboard.

This leads to good strength values for those manufactured according to the process Body. It can be pressed parts from the garbage in a simple and economical manner such as sheets or extrudates such as B. Pipes and irrigation and drainage channels for d e Establish agriculture.

In detail, the invention can advantageously be configured as follows be.

If the pressed raw material obtained by the separation is even greater Contains proportions of flat components such as plastic bags or textiles is recommended the invention to comminute the press raw materials before shaping them into bodies. this is absolutely necessary when processing in an extruder. When processing on presses are the conditions for a uniform through the comminution Mixing of the plastic and the non-plastic parts and thereby for a high homogeneity of the end product created. Particle sizes from 2 mm x 2 mm to On the one hand, 10 mm x 10 mm area size results in an even distribution between the plastic particles and the filler and keep the energy expenditure for the Reduction work low.

The process is particularly economical in that the Separation and processing of the batch result in such a strong enrichment of the fraction on thermoplastics takes place that the pressed raw materials without the addition of additional binders are moldable to the compacts. This malleability without Adding additional thermoplastics as binders can be reliable can be achieved in that the enrichment of the proportion of thermoplastics up to 40 to 60%.

If you think of rasp or sieve residues from waste composting plants goes out, the starting material is a mixture in which the plastic component is already increased. For municipal waste with around 2 to 4% plastic, for example in the rasp or sieve residues of waste composting plants the plastic content approx. 13 percent by weight. This comes mainly from bags, sacks and foam. In this case, the invention recommends that substances from the starting materials with high specific surface due to a ballistic and / or wind sifting and / or Screening are obtained, the substances with a high specific surface area to the press raw materials crushed and shaped into bodies. By extracting the substances with high specific surface area with one or more of the ballistic processes and / or air sifting and / or screening is generally carried out with this starting material a sufficient accumulation of thermoplastics.

If, on the other hand, one assumes household and / or business waste, so will First, the substances with a low specific surface are separated, namely ferromagnetic Parts by magnetic separation and substances such as wood, non-ferrous metals and ashes by ballistic and / or wind sifting and / or screening, then from the fabrics with a low specific surface, the paper, cardboard and cardboard components are separated and then the remaining light materials with a high specific surface area crushed to the press raw materials and shaped into bodies.

The removal of the paper portion is necessary because this Mixture not yet used for the production of press raw materials due to the high proportion of paper is suitable and an increase in the proportion of plastic due to the deposition of the paper must be done.

The separation of the paper, cardboard and cardboard components can be advantageous Way done by moistening to a not yet pumpable state with action of shear and / or frictional forces and subsequent screening and / or air sifting.

Such a method is described in the not yet known Patent application P 24 33 324.2.

The paper, cardboard and cardboard components break down into heavy ones Crumbs and are separated from the mixture by the separation processes just mentioned, the textile and plastic components remaining as press raw material. The deposition the paper component can also be made pumpable by adding water Treatment in a pulper followed by sieving.

Especially when the plastic part of the starting material mixture is particularly small, so that the pressed raw material produced in the above-mentioned processes is not yet deformable to the body without the addition of binders, recommends the invention that from the substances resulting from the pre-sorting with a high specific Surface mainly the plastics separated by electrostatic charging will. These separated substances can, depending on their plastic content, without additives processed from fillers to the press raw materials.

Light substances from waste processing can also be used or commercial fillers can be added.

If the pressed raw material still has undesirably high proportions of dusty Parts or straw, grass and similar components are used to improve quality These components are sieved off prior to the comminution of the press raw materials.

In the case of very small amounts of plastic, you can also use it add thermoplastic plastics.

The simplest way of deforming pressed raw materials into bodies takes place in such a way that the pressed raw materials are introduced in a cold state and under the action be shaped by heat and pressure on the surface of the body. The Heat in the form of a crushed mix of plastics and fillers present, optionally previously dried press raw material during the molding, e.g. fed to plates by heating the press plates.

When molding with the help of extruders, the heat is applied to the whole Deformation path supplied in the barrel area and in the nozzle of the extruder. Included the pressed raw material becomes plastic in the front part of the extruder and below it in the rear part additional heating by compressing it.

When heat is applied to the surface of the body it can result the longer exposure time to the necessary warming of the body come a segregation, so that the plastic parts on the body surface accumulate too much, with the result of a reduction in strength inside the body, whereby the formation of a particularly smooth and dense surface is promoted. If the accumulation of the plastic on the surface becomes too great, it becomes Strength increase in the interior suggested that the pressed raw materials in a heating mixer preheated and then shaped into the bodies under the action of heat and pressure.

In the following, an exemplary embodiment of the Invention described in more detail. It show in detail Fig. 1 a schematic representation of the flow of material in a plant for the production of bodies from thermoplastically deformable pressed raw materials with the starting material garbage Fig. 2 the corresponding representation for the starting material sieve and / or rasp residues of waste composting plants.

According to Fig. 1, molded parts 1 are processable from thermoplastics Fabrics manufactured in such a way that 2 can be processed thermoplastically from Hausha lt smüll Substances 3 are obtained by separating and processing and in a heated Press 4 can be formed into the pressed parts 1 under the action of heat and pressure. The waste is separated and processed as follows. A conveyor belt 5 leads the garbage 2 to a hammer mill 6, in which the garbage is homogenized in its piece size will. The iron components 8 are removed in a magnetic separator 7. The iron-free Components 2 get into a ballistic sifter 9, in which they by means of a Rotors 10 according to the different flight curves in parts with high 11 and lower specific surface 12 are divided. The substances with high specific Surface 11, in which the plastic content is already increased, are used for separation unwanted accompanying substances, such as. B.

Ash, dust particles, straw, grass, etc. cleaned up in an air classifier 13 and after passing through a downstream cyclone 14 in a sieve drum 15 of unwanted minor components 16 freed.

The so post-cleaned substance 11 made of parts with a high specific surface is moistened with a small amount of water 17 to a water content of about 50% and mixed in a soaking drum 18.

This is followed by additional friction and shear stress in the pulper 19, where the paper and Cardboard components due to Their high absorbency and low wet strength can be broken up into small pieces. Steam 20 can also be used in the shredder 19 to accelerate the shredding process, in addition, sterilization takes place.

The fabric 11 treated in this way is then passed on a screening machine 21 freed from the paper and cardboard component 22, which is subject to further processing is fed.

By separating the paper and cardboard components, the proportion of plastic increases of the mixture so strongly that it can be processed thermoplastically. The one won in this way Press raw material 3 is comminuted in a cutting device 23, in a dryer 24 freed from water and then shaped into plates 1 in the heated press 4 In a heating device 25, the pressed raw material 3 can be used to suppress segregation phenomena be preheated before entering the press 4.

The applicant has with a pressed raw material with about 50 weight percent Thermoplastic parts and approx. 50% residual materials, namely paper and textiles, sheets manufactured. The pressed raw material was in particles of area sizes of 2 x Cut 2 mm to 10 x 10 mm and then at a pressing temperature of 200 to 2200 C, with both press plates being heated, a pressure of 15 for 3 minutes subject to atü. The plates produced in this way had a thickness of 8 mm and had a smooth surface. The plastics were enriched on the surface. By preheating the press raw material to around 1100 C before it was poured into the press the segregation can be suppressed.

According to Fig. 2, sieve or rasp residues, as they are in composting plants incurred, entered as starting material 26 in the ballistic separator 9, the Parts with a high specific surface 11 are wind-sighted 13, and in the sieve drum 15 sieved. Due to the Composition of these raw materials Separation of the paper, cardboard and cardboard components is not necessary here. From the sieve drum 15, the mixture emerges as pressed raw material 3 and is then in the cutting device 23 comminuted, dried 24 and in the press 25 to form sheets 1 deformed, it being possible for preheating to be carried out in the heating device 25.

Expectations:

Claims (14)

Claims 1. A method for the production of bodies, namely pressed parts or extrudates made of thermoplastically processable materials, characterized that the substances by separating and processing starting materials (2, 26), mixtures such as municipal waste (2), business waste, rasp and / or sieve residues from waste composting plants (26) with enrichment of substances with a high specific surface area (11) and des Content of thermoplastics can be obtained as press raw materials (3) and under the action of heat and pressure (4) on the press raw materials (3) to form the bodies (1) be molded. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the by the separation obtained press raw materials (3) are comminuted. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the crushing takes place on surface sizes of 2 mm x 2 mm to 10 mm x 10 mm. 4. The method according to any one of the above claims, characterized in, that in the separation and processing of the starting materials (2, 26) such a strong Enrichment of the proportion of thermoplastics takes place that the press raw materials (3) can be shaped without adding additional binders to the bodies (1). 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the enrichment the proportion of thermoplastics is up to 40 to 60%. 6. The method according to claim 3, characterized. that in the case of the starting materials (2, 26) rasp and / or sieve residues from waste composting plants (26) from the starting materials (2, 26) the substances with a high specific surface area (11) by ballistic (10) and / or wind sifting (13) and / or screening (15) are obtained and the substances with a high specific surface area as press raw materials (3) are comminuted (23) and shaped into bodies (1) (4). 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, thereby marked that with the starting materials (2.26) municipal waste (2) and / or business waste after Separation of the substances with a low specific surface (12) by a magnetic one Separation (7) by a ballistic (10) and / or air separation (13) and / or Screening (15) from the substances with a high specific surface (11) the paper, Cardboard and cardboard component (22) is at least partially separated and then the remaining light substances with a high specific surface area (11) as press raw material (3) to be shaped into the bodies (1) (4). 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the separation the paper, cardboard and cardboard component (22) takes place by moistening (17) a condition that is not yet pumpable under the action of shear and / or friction forces (18, 19) and subsequent sieving (21) and / or air sifting. 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the paper, Cardboard and cardboard component (22) after moistening to pumpable condition in one Pulper plant is separated. 10. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the Starting materials (2, 26) of communal Garbage (2) and / or business waste after the substances with a low specific surface area (12) have been separated off by a ballistic (10) and / or air sifting (13) and / or screening (15) from the substances with high Specific surface (11) separated the plastics by electrostatic charging will. 11. The method according to any one of the above claims, characterized in, that before the comminution (23) of the pressed raw materials (3) a screening of dusty Ingredients and straw and grass is done. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 6 to 9, 11, characterized characterized in that the press raw materials (3) are thermoplastic as an additional binder Plastics are added. 13, method according to one of the above claims, characterized in: that the press raw materials (3) in the cold state of a press (4) or an extruder supplied and there under the action of heat and pressure (4) on the surface the bodies (1) are shaped. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized. that the press raw materials (3) are preheated before being fed to the processing machine (4) (25) and then formed into the bodies (1) under the action of heat and pressure (4) will. Blank page