DE2409634A1 - POROUS BODY AND METHOD OF ITS MANUFACTURING - Google Patents
POROUS BODY AND METHOD OF ITS MANUFACTURINGInfo
- Publication number
- DE2409634A1 DE2409634A1 DE2409634A DE2409634A DE2409634A1 DE 2409634 A1 DE2409634 A1 DE 2409634A1 DE 2409634 A DE2409634 A DE 2409634A DE 2409634 A DE2409634 A DE 2409634A DE 2409634 A1 DE2409634 A1 DE 2409634A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- aluminate
- aluminum oxide
- starting material
- porous body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
- H01M10/3918—Sodium-sulfur cells characterised by the electrolyte
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/024—Oxides
- B01D71/025—Aluminium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
- C04B38/065—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials characterised by physical aspects, e.g. shape, size or porosity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03D3/00—Liquid processing apparatus involving immersion; Washing apparatus involving immersion
- G03D3/02—Details of liquid circulation
- G03D3/06—Liquid supply; Liquid circulation outside tanks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
- C04B2111/00801—Membranes; Diaphragms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
Patentanwälte Γ "^ £ O OPatent Attorneys Γ "^ £ O O
,.D^,-!n2-Hnsterwaid ^ ^ O £ £ , .D ^, -! N2-Hnsterwaid ^ ^ O £ £
Dipl.-ing.„Grämkow 2 S, .V^ |^Dipl.-ing. "Grämkow 2 S, .V ^ | ^
COMPAGNIE CTlKEBALE D'EIiECTRICITE 54, rue Ia Boetie, 75382 PABIS CEDEX 08 (Frankreich)COMPAGNIE CTlKEBALE D'EIiECTRICITE 54, rue Ia Boetie, 75382 PABIS CEDEX 08 (France)
POBÖSER KÖRPER IMD VEBJi1AHREN ZU SEIKER HERSTELLUNGPOBOUS BODY IMD VEBJi 1 AHREN TO SEIKER MANUFACTURING
Die Erfindung betrifft poröse Werkstücke und deren Herstellungsverfahren·The invention relates to porous workpieces and their manufacturing processes
I1Ur filter und ähnliche Anwendungen braucht man Keramikwerkstttcke, die eine offene Prositat aufweisen.I 1 Primary filters and similar applications require ceramic workpieces that have an open appearance.
Ein bekanntes Verfahren zur Herstellung von derartigen Keramikkörpern besteht darin, eine Menge eines Pulvers aus einem homogenen Stoff, wie beispielsweise Alpha-Aluminiuraoxyd, einer schwachen Sinterung zu unterziehen, so dass das sich ergebende Werkstück eine.offene Porosität aufweist.A known method for producing such ceramic bodies is to use a quantity of powder from a homogeneous substance, such as alpha-aluminum oxide, subject to a weak sintering so that the resulting workpiece has an open porosity.
409837/0979409837/0979
Ein anderes bekanntes Verfahren besteht darin, eine heterogene Mischung aus zwei Bestandteilen, beispielsweise einer Mischung eines Metalloxyds und eines organischen Stoffes, zu calcinieren. Nach der Calcinierung dieser Mischung stellt man die Bildung von Poren fest, die durch Ausscheiden des organischen Bestandteils erhalten werden; das so entstehende Werkstück weist ebenfalls offene Porosität auf.Another known method is a heterogeneous mixture of two ingredients, for example a mixture of a metal oxide and an organic substance, to calcine. After calcination this mixture provides the formation of pores obtained by excretion of the organic component is determined; the resulting workpiece also has open porosity.
Die nach diesem Verfahren hergestellten porösen Werkstücke weisen Nachteile auf. Die Abmessungen der Poren liegt mindestens bei etwa 1/10/u, was für bestimmte Anwendungen zu gross ist. Ausserdem sind die nach dem ersten genannten Verfahren hergestellten Werkstücke sehr brüchig.The porous workpieces produced by this method have disadvantages. The dimensions of the pores lies at least about 1/10 / u, which is too large for certain applications. In addition, those are according to the first method mentioned manufactured workpieces are very brittle.
Die Erfindung will diese Nachteile beheben und poröse Werkstücke bereitstellen, bei denen die Porenabmessungen deutlich kleiner sind, als die bei 2.Zt. bekannten Filtern.The invention aims to remedy these disadvantages and to provide porous workpieces in which the pore dimensions are clear are smaller than those at 2.Zt. known filters.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein poröser Körper aus einem Material mit kristalliner Struktur aus & -Aluminiumoxyd, wobei dieser Körper mehrere seine gesamte Dicke durchquerende Kanäle aufweist, so dass die Porosität offen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchmesser dieser Kanäle mindestens auf einem Abschnitt beim Durchgang durch diesen Körper kleiner als 1/100 λζ ist.The subject of the invention is a porous body made of a material with a crystalline structure of & -aluminum oxide, this body having several channels traversing its entire thickness, so that the porosity is open, characterized in that the diameter of these channels at least on one section during the passage is smaller than 1/100 λζ through this body.
Weiterhin ist Gegenstand der Erfindung ein Herstellungsverfahren für den eben beschriebenen Körper, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Ausgangsmaterial ein Aluminat des TypsThe invention also relates to a manufacturing method for the body just described, characterized in that the starting material is an aluminate of the type
409837/0979 /409837/0979 /
24086342408634
-Aluminiumoxid, verwendet wird, das erhitzt wird, wobei dieses Aluminat für η AluminiumoxydmolekuTe ein Oxydmolektil eines Metalls enthält, das aus der aus Natrium, Kalium, Caesium, Rubidium, Thallium und Silber gebildeten Gruppe gewählt wird, und wobei η eine Zahl zwischen 5 und 11 ist und das Erhitzen mit einer Temperatur erfolgt, die unter der Schmelztemperatur des Aluminate und über der Sublimiertemperatur des Metalloxyds liegt.-Aluminium oxide, which is heated, this being used Aluminate for η aluminum oxide molecules is an oxide molectile of a metal which is selected from the group formed by sodium, potassium, cesium, rubidium, thallium and silver, and where η is a number between 5 and 11 and heating at a temperature takes place, which is below the melting temperature of the aluminate and above the sublimation temperature of the metal oxide.
Die Erfindung wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung an Hand der beiliegenden einzigen Zeichnung verdeutlicht. In. dieser Zeichnung wird im Schnitt eine Ausftthrungsart des er~ findungsgemässen porösen Körpers dargestellt. -The invention is illustrated in the following description with reference to the accompanying single drawing. In. This drawing shows in section one type of execution of the he ~ inventive porous body shown. -
In der Figur wird ein porb'ser Körper als Filterplatte 1 quer im Innern eines zylindrischen Kanals 2 dargestellt. Das zu filternde Medium kann auf der Seite 3» auf der sich die Sei— tenflache 4 der Platte 1 befindet, in den Kanal 2 eingeführt werden °, das gefilterte Medium wird dann auf der Seite 5 mit der der Seitenfläche 4 gegenüberliegende Seitenfläche 6 entnommen» Die Platte 1 besteht aus einem Material kristalliner Struktur aus "^-Aluminiumoxyd; dieses Material kann mono- oder polykri— stalline■Struktur aufweisen.In the figure, a Porb's body is shown as a filter plate 1 transversely in the interior of a cylindrical channel 2. The medium to be filtered can be introduced into the channel 2 on the side 3 on which the side surface 4 of the plate 1 is located , the filtered medium is then removed on the side 5 with the side surface 6 opposite the side surface 4. The plate 1 consists of a material of a crystalline structure made of aluminum oxide; this material can have a monocrystalline or polycrystalline structure.
Die Platte weist mehrere· Kanäle auf, so dass ihre Porosität offen ist; So durchqueren beispielsweise die Kanäle 7»The plate has several · channels, so that its porosity is open; For example, canals 7 »
8 und 9 cLie Platte 1 von der Seitenfläche 3 bis zur Seitenfläche 4· Zwecks klarerer Darstellung wurden die Kanäle 7» 8 "und8 and 9 cLie plate 1 from the side surface 3 to the side surface 4 · For the sake of clarity, channels 7 »8" and
9 über ihre gesamte Länge in der Querschnittebene der Platte 19 over its entire length in the cross-sectional plane of plate 1
A 09837/0 97 9 ./,A 09837/0 97 9 ./,
im Schnitt gezeigt; jedoch ist es klar, dass die Form und Bichtung dieser Kanäle beliebig ist und ihre Anzahl sehr hoch ist.shown in section; however, it is clear that the shape and These channels are arranged as desired and their number is very high.
Gemäss einem Kennzeichen der Erfindung ist der Querschnitt dieser Kanäle, wie beispielsweise der Querschnitt 10 des Kanals 7» über mindestens einen Abschnitt bei der Durchquerung des Werkstücks 1 kleiner als I/IOO zu·According to a characteristic of the invention is the cross section of these channels, such as, for example, the cross-section 10 of the channel 7 »over at least one section when traversing of workpiece 1 smaller than I / IOO to ·
Die Arbeitsweise der in dieser Figur dargestellten Vorrichtung entspricht vollkommen derjenigen bekannter Filter und wird deshalb hier nicht beschrieben.The operation of the device shown in this figure corresponds completely to that of known filters and is therefore not described here.
Die Herstellung eines porösen Werkstücks, wie beispielsweise der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Platte, geschieht ausgehend von einer Substanz der weiter unten definierten kristallinen Struktur, die monokristallin oder polykristallin wie beispielsweise Keramik sein kann.The manufacture of a porous workpiece such as the plate shown in the drawing is based on a substance defined below crystalline structure, which can be monocrystalline or polycrystalline such as ceramic.
Diese Substanz kristalliner Struktur ist ein Aluminat des Typs β-Aluminiumoxyd) sie enthält η Teile Moleküle Aluminiumoxyd pro Molekül eines Oxyds eines aus der aus Natrium, Kalium, Rubidium, Caesium, Thallium und Silber gebildeten Gruppe gewählten Metalls, wobei η eine zwischen 5 und 11 liegende Zahl ist. Diese Substanz kann beispielsweise sog. natriumhaltiges i'This substance of crystalline structure is an aluminate of the type β- aluminum oxide) it contains η parts molecules of aluminum oxide per molecule of an oxide of a metal selected from the group formed by sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, thallium and silver, where η is between 5 and 11 lying number is. This substance can, for example, so-called sodium-containing i '
-Aluminiumoxyd der empirischen Formel 8,5 Al2 0?» Na2 0 oder natriumhaltiges γ "-Aluminiumoxyd der empirischen Formel 5,3 Al2 0-,, Ka2 0 oder eine Mischung aus diesen beiden Stoffen sein.-Aluminium oxide of the empirical formula 8.5 Al 2 0? » Na 2 0 or sodium-containing γ "aluminum oxide of the empirical formula 5.3 Al 2 0- ,, Ka 2 0 or a mixture of these two substances.
409837/0979 #/*409837/0979 # / *
Das oben erwälmte Material kann beispielsweise Keramik sein, die durch Sintern von natriumhaltigem ß -Aluminiumoxyd entsteht j es kann auch ein Monokristall sein, der aus einem im Schmelz zustand befindlichen natriumhaltigen β-Aluminiumoxydbad gewonnen wird. Die Form des Werkstucks kann beispielsweise eine Platte, wie sie in der Pigur dargestellt wird, oder ein Rohr sein oder irgendeine andere beliebige Form aufweisen.The above-erwälmte material can be for example ceramics, produced by sintering of sodium-ß -Aluminiumoxyd j arises, it may also be a single crystal, which is obtained from a molten state located in the sodium-containing β-Aluminiumoxydbad. The shape of the workpiece can be, for example, a plate, as shown in the Pigur, or a tube or any other desired shape.
Das Herstellungsverfahren eines erfindungsgemässen porösen Werkstücks besteht darin, das Material auf eine Temperatur zu bringen, die zwischen der Sublimiertemperatur des Metalloxyds und der Schmelztemperatur des entsprechenden Aluminats liegt.The manufacturing process of an inventive porous workpiece consists in bringing the material to a temperature between the sublimation temperature of the Metal oxide and the melting temperature of the corresponding aluminate lies.
Die Heiζtemperatur kann beispielsweise bei etwa 1500° C liegen, wenn das Material aus natriumhaltigem p-Aluminiumoxyd besteht* Im Verlauf dieses Heizvorgangs wird das Natrium auf- . grund der Sublimation des Natriumcionoxyds ausgeschieden und das Natriumaluminat wird in & -Aluminiumoxyd umgewandelt. Es ist festzustellen, dass das erhaltene Werkstück offene Porosität aufweist.The hot temperature can be around 1500 ° C, for example if the material consists of sodium-containing p-aluminum oxide * In the course of this heating process, the sodium is increased. excreted due to the sublimation of sodium cionoxide and the sodium aluminate is converted to & -alumina. It can be seen that the workpiece obtained has open porosity having.
Das Erhitzen kann an der freien Luft oder unter neutraler Atmosphäre geschehen. Jedoch läuft die Ausscheidung des Natriums wesentlich schneller ab, wenn man unter Vakuum oder unter Anwesenheit einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre, beispielsweise Wasserstoff oder Kohlenoxyd, arbeitet.The heating can take place in the open air or under a neutral atmosphere. However, the elimination of the Sodium falls much faster if you work under vacuum or in the presence of a reducing atmosphere, for example Hydrogen, or carbon monoxide, works.
409837/0 979409837/0 979
Das erfindungsgemasse. porSse Werkstück kann insbesondere bei der Herstellung von Filtern, oder porösen Membranen fur Meerwasserentsalzungsgeräte oder bestimmte elektrochemische Generatoren verwendet werden.The invention. PorSse workpiece can in particular in the manufacture of filters or porous membranes for seawater desalination devices or certain electrochemical ones Generators are used.
-Patentansprttche--Patent Acknowledgment-
409837/0979409837/0979
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7308139A FR2220490B1 (en) | 1973-03-07 | 1973-03-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2409634A1 true DE2409634A1 (en) | 1974-09-12 |
Family
ID=9115906
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2409634A Withdrawn DE2409634A1 (en) | 1973-03-07 | 1974-02-28 | POROUS BODY AND METHOD OF ITS MANUFACTURING |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS49119905A (en) |
BE (1) | BE811511A (en) |
CH (1) | CH580041A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2409634A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2220490B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1429412A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1012564B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7403057A (en) |
SE (1) | SE393597B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3121953A1 (en) * | 1981-06-03 | 1982-12-23 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | USE OF HIGH-GLOWED (ALPHA) -AL (DOWN ARROW) 2 (DOWN ARROW) O (DOWN ARROW) 3 (DOWN ARROW) AS A FILTER TOOL FOR CLEANING ALKALINE SOLUTIONS |
-
1973
- 1973-03-07 FR FR7308139A patent/FR2220490B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-02-25 BE BE141331A patent/BE811511A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-02-28 DE DE2409634A patent/DE2409634A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-02-28 CH CH281174A patent/CH580041A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-03-05 JP JP49024871A patent/JPS49119905A/ja active Pending
- 1974-03-05 GB GB992974A patent/GB1429412A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-06 NL NL7403057A patent/NL7403057A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-03-06 SE SE7402994A patent/SE393597B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-04-08 IT IT20952/74A patent/IT1012564B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS49119905A (en) | 1974-11-15 |
SE393597B (en) | 1977-05-16 |
NL7403057A (en) | 1974-09-10 |
CH580041A5 (en) | 1976-09-30 |
GB1429412A (en) | 1976-03-24 |
IT1012564B (en) | 1977-03-10 |
FR2220490A1 (en) | 1974-10-04 |
FR2220490B1 (en) | 1976-04-30 |
BE811511A (en) | 1974-08-26 |
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8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
8130 | Withdrawal |