DE2407339A1 - PROCEDURES FOR PREVENTING CONTAMINATION ON SEVEN - Google Patents
PROCEDURES FOR PREVENTING CONTAMINATION ON SEVENInfo
- Publication number
- DE2407339A1 DE2407339A1 DE19742407339 DE2407339A DE2407339A1 DE 2407339 A1 DE2407339 A1 DE 2407339A1 DE 19742407339 DE19742407339 DE 19742407339 DE 2407339 A DE2407339 A DE 2407339A DE 2407339 A1 DE2407339 A1 DE 2407339A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- sieve
- ozone
- water
- act
- washing water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 102100033070 Histone acetyltransferase KAT6B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000944174 Homo sapiens Histone acetyltransferase KAT6B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/18—Drum screens
- B07B1/22—Revolving drums
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/62—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
- B01D29/64—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles, or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element
- B01D29/6438—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles, or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element nozzles
- B01D29/6446—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles, or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element nozzles with a rotary movement with respect to the filtering element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/62—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
- B01D29/66—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps
- B01D29/68—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps with backwash arms, shoes or nozzles
- B01D29/682—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps with backwash arms, shoes or nozzles with a rotary movement with respect to the filtering element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/06—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums
- B01D33/073—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums arranged for inward flow filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/44—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
- B01D33/46—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes nozzles or the like acting on the cake-side of the filtering element
- B01D33/463—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes nozzles or the like acting on the cake-side of the filtering element nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/44—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
- B01D33/48—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps
- B01D33/50—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps with backwash arms, shoes or nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/08—Regeneration of the filter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/08—Regeneration of the filter
- B01D2201/081—Regeneration of the filter using nozzles or suction devices
- B01D2201/084—Nozzles placed on the filtrate side of the filtering element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/08—Regeneration of the filter
- B01D2201/085—Regeneration of the filter using another chemical than the liquid to be filtered
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
Description
Patentanwälte: 2 Λ Ο 7 3 3 9Patent attorneys: 2 Λ Ο 7 3 3 9
Dr. Ing. Waiter Abitz
Dr. Dieter F. Morf
Dr. Hans-Α. Brauns 15. Februar 1974Dr. Ing.Waiter Abitz
Dr. Dieter F. Morf
Dr. Hans-Α. Brauns February 15, 1974
■ Hflnchtn U. PlMZMiwntr. a ■ Hflnchtn and PlMZMiwntr. a 7507/737507/73
P.W. BRACKETT & CO., LIMITED Hythe Bridge Ironworks, Colchester, Essex, EnglandP.W. BRACKETT & CO., LIMITED Hythe Bridge Ironworks, Colchester, Essex, England
Verfahren zum Verhindern von Verunreinigungen an SiebenMethod of preventing contamination of sieves
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verhindern der Verunreinigung von Maschensieben, indem man die Ansammlung von Schleim und Bakterien unterdrückt.The invention relates to a method of preventing contamination of mesh screens by suppressing the accumulation of mucus and bacteria.
Mechanische Maschensiebe werden verwendet, um suspendierte Feststoffe aus Wasser zu entfernen, indem man das Wasser durch das Sieb leitet, die Peststoffe dadurch aus dem Wasser entfernt, und dass man die vom Wasser befreiten Peststoffe vom Sieb abwäscht, bevor man das Sieb wieder in den zu filternden Wasserfluss einsetzt. Beim Durchströmen des Wassers durch das Sieb wirkt das Sieb wie eine belüftende Oberfläche und kann darum das Anwachsen von Schleim und die Bildung von Bakterien auf den Maschen begünstigen, wodurch dann die wirksame Siebgrösse vermindert wird und damit auch die Wirksamkeit des Siebes.Mechanical mesh screens are used to remove suspended solids from water by moving the water passes through the sieve, thereby removing the pests from the water and removing the pests from the water from the sieve before inserting the sieve back into the water flow to be filtered. When flowing through the water Through the sieve, the sieve acts like an aerating surface and can prevent the growth of slime and the formation of bacteria on the mesh, which then reduces the effective sieve size and thus the effectiveness of the sieve.
— 1 —- 1 -
409834/0392409834/0392
7507/737507/73
Es sind schon verschiedene Vorschläge gemacht worden, um die sich bildenden Verunreinigungen zu vermindern oder zu entfernen, beispielsweise indem man periodisch eine Reinigung unter hohen Drücken vornimmt, wozu das Sieb ausser Betrieb genommen werden muss und was ausserdem Arbeitszeit erfordert oder durch eine chemische Behandlung mittels Chlor oder durch Bestrahlung mit ultraviolettem Licht. Eine wirksame Chlorbehandlung erfordert allerdings derartig hohe Konzentrationen, dass das Chlor langer in dem Wasser verbleibt als es für viele Fälle akzeptabel ist. Eine direkte Bestrahlung mit einer äusseren Ultraviolett-Lichtquelle ist verhältnismässig unwirksam, weil man das Licht von der reinen Seite des Siebes einwirken lässt und es ausserdem durch das Wasser auf dem Sieb absorbiert wird. Obwohl Ozon durch die Einwirkung von ultraviolettem Licht auf Luft gebildet wird, sind die dabei gebildeten Kengen an Ozon so gering, dass das Ozon nicht frei im Wasser absorbiert wird und darum nur eine fast zu vernachlässigende Wirkung auf die Verunreinigungen hat. Andere Nachteile dieser Verfahrensweise sind darin zu sehen, dass ultraviolettes Licht gefährlich für die Sicht ist, und dass die verwendeten Lampen eine verhältnisraässig kurze Lebensdauer haben und man einen Intensitätsverlust nur schwer feststellen kann. Darüberhinaus kann die Bestrahlung mit ultraviolettem Licht einen sehr negativen Effekt auf gewisse Plastikmaterialien haben, wie man sie bei der Herstellung von Mikrosieben verwendet.Various proposals have already been made in order to reduce the impurities which are formed or to remove, for example by periodically cleaning under high pressures, including the sieve Has to be put into operation and what also requires working time or by chemical treatment with chlorine or by exposure to ultraviolet light. However, effective chlorine treatment requires such high concentrations that the chlorine remains in the water longer than is acceptable in many cases. A direct exposure Using an external ultraviolet light source is comparatively ineffective because you get the light from the pure Side of the sieve and it is also absorbed by the water on the sieve. Although ozone through the Exposure to ultraviolet light is formed on air, the amount of ozone formed is so low that that Ozone is not freely absorbed in the water and therefore has an almost negligible effect on the contaminants Has. Other disadvantages of this approach are that ultraviolet light is dangerous to vision is, and that the lamps used have a relatively short life and there is a loss of intensity difficult to determine. In addition, exposure to ultraviolet light can have a very negative effect on certain plastic materials, such as those used in the manufacture of microsieves.
Die Erfindung stellt ein Verfahren zur Verfügung, um Verunreinigungen auf Maschensieben zu vermeiden oder zu verhindern und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man freies Ozon mit dem Waschwasser für das Sieb mischt und die Lösung von Ozon in dem Waschwasser für das Sieb verwendet·The invention provides a method to remove contaminants to avoid or prevent on mesh screens and is characterized by the fact that one has free ozone mixes with the washing water for the sieve and uses the solution of ozone in the washing water for the sieve
- 2 409834/0392 - 2 409834/0392
• 2407333• 2407333
7507/737507/73
Wird Ozon in Lösung mit einer ausreichenden Menge verwendet, um die Verunreinigungen auf dem Sieb zu unterbinden, dann geht ein Überschuss mit dem Hauptfluss des Wassers durch das Sieb und wird dort so verdünnt, dass die Konzentration in annehmbaren Grenzen bleibt. Alles freie Ozon, das in die Atmosphäre Übergeht, liegt nur in geringen Konzentrationen vor und kann sich dort sogar als Deodorant oder Reiniger nützlich machen.If ozone is used in solution in a sufficient amount, to prevent the impurities on the sieve, then an excess goes with the main flow of water through it Sieve and is diluted there so that the concentration remains within acceptable limits. All free ozone that is in that Atmosphere passes over, is only present in low concentrations and can even be used there as a deodorant or cleaner make useful.
Vorzugsweise wird das Ozon durch ein abgeschlossenes Elektrodenröhrensystem hergestellt. Röhren dieser Art bilden Ozon mit nur geringen Verunreinigungen und vermeiden insbesondere die Bildung von Stickoxiden, die ein unerwünschtes Nebenprodukt bei offenen Platten-oder anderen Ozonerzeugern sind.The ozone is preferably supplied through a closed electrode tube system manufactured. Tubes of this type generate ozone with only minor impurities and in particular avoid it the formation of nitrogen oxides, which are an undesirable by-product of open plate or other ozone generators.
Vorzugsweise wird das Wasser dem. Sieb als ein Sprühregen mit niedrigem Druck zugeführt. Der Sprühregen kann auf einer oder auf beiden Seiten des Siebes einwirken gelassen werden. Alternativ kann das Waschwasser auch durch Tropfröhren, offene Wäscher, rotierende Bürsten oder Rollen einwirken gelassen werden.Preferably the water is the. Sieve fed as a low pressure spray. The drizzle can be on a or left to act on both sides of the screen. Alternatively, the washing water can also be poured through open drip tubes Scrubbers, rotating brushes or rollers are allowed to act.
Eine Form des für das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren verwendeten Apparates wird nachfolgend als beispielsweise Ausführungsform anhand der Zeichnung, die eine perspektivische Darstellung des Siebes ist, beschrieben. Eine ozonerzeugende Röhre (nicht gezeigt) ist vorgesehen, die aus einer unter hoher Spannung befindlichen Elektrode besteht, die sich innerhalb eines Glasschirms befindet, welcher mit einer im wesentlichen reinen Neonatmosphäre gefüllt ist. An die äussere Oberfläche des Glasschirmes ist5 eine Erdelektrode mit einem Aluminiumschutzgitter angebracht. Wird ein hohes Potential im Bereich von 3 bis·One form of the apparatus used for the method according to the invention is given below as an example of an embodiment with reference to the drawing, which is a perspective view of the screen, described. An ozone generating tube (not shown) is provided, which consists of a high voltage electrode located within a glass screen which is filled with a substantially pure neon atmosphere. On the outer surface of the glass shade an earth electrode with an aluminum protective grille is attached. If there is a high potential in the range of 3 to
- 3 -409834/0392- 3 -409834/0392
7507/757507/75
20 Kilovolt zwischen den Elektroden angelegt, so findet eine Entladung statt, welche Sauerstoffmoleküle der umgebenden Luft in freie Atome spaltet, von denen ein Teil sich mit weiteren Sauerstoffmolekiilen unter Bildung von Ozon verbindet. 20 kilovolts are applied between the electrodes, a discharge takes place, which oxygen molecules the surrounding Splits air into free atoms, some of which combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone.
Durch Isolierung der Elektrode mit. dem hohen Potential in einer inerten Atmosphäre schützt man diese von Schmutz und Feuchtigkeit, durch welche Kurzschluss oder eine Bogenbildung eintreten könnte. Die Anordnung der Gitterelektrode an der äusseren Oberfläche der Glasumhüllung vermeidet dort die Bildung eines Feuchtigkeitsfilmes, welcher lokale Entladungen verursachen könnte, die eine Zerstörung des Glases bewirken würden.By isolating the electrode with. the high potential in An inert atmosphere protects it from dirt and moisture, which can cause short circuits or arcing could occur. The arrangement of the grid electrode on the outer surface of the glass envelope avoids there Formation of a moisture film, which could cause local discharges that destroy the glass would.
Über die ozonbildende Röhre wird ein Luftstrom geleitet und ein Teil davon wird in Ozon überführt. Dieser Strom von ozonisierter Luft wird dann innig mit einem Strom des Waschwassers vermischt, wobei sich das Ozon dann in dem fliessenden Waschwasser löst.A current of air is passed through the ozone-forming tube and part of it is converted into ozone. This stream of ozonated air is then intimately mixed with a stream of wash water, the ozone then being in the flowing Wash water dissolves.
Das Waschwasser, welches das Ozon gelöst enthält, wird dann über zwei Sprührohre 1 und 2 geführt, von denen jedes eine Vielzahl von Sprühöffnungen 5 aufweist. Das Waschwasser wird dann unter niedrigem Druck auf die äussere Oberfläche des Mikromasehensiebes 4 aus dem Sprührohr 1 und auf die innere Oberfläche des Siebes 4 aus dem Sprührohr 2 gesprüht. Das Waschwasser von den beiden Sprührohren 1 und 2 dringt durch das Sieb 4 hindurch, so dass das Ozon in dem Waschwasser auf die ganze effektive Oberfläche des Maschensiebes einwirken kann, um das Entstehen von Schleim und die Bildung von Bakterien auf den Maschen zu verhindern·The washing water, which contains the dissolved ozone, is then passed through two spray pipes 1 and 2, each of which is one Has a plurality of spray openings 5. The washing water is then applied under low pressure to the outer surface of the Mikromasehensiebes 4 from the spray tube 1 and on the inner one Surface of the screen 4 sprayed from the spray tube 2. The washing water from the two spray tubes 1 and 2 penetrates the sieve 4 through so that the ozone in the washing water acts on the entire effective surface of the mesh sieve can to prevent the build-up of mucus and bacteria on the meshes
- 4 409834/0392 - 4 409834/0392
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB750773A GB1468655A (en) | 1973-02-15 | 1973-02-15 | Method for the treatment of mesh screens |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2407339A1 true DE2407339A1 (en) | 1974-08-22 |
Family
ID=9834450
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19742407339 Withdrawn DE2407339A1 (en) | 1973-02-15 | 1974-02-15 | PROCEDURES FOR PREVENTING CONTAMINATION ON SEVEN |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS49132656A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2407339A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1468655A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2913348A1 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-09-12 | Walter Gilbert | Device for filtering water used in swimming pool, comprises cylindrical shaped frame covering filtering membrane and suction pump, cleaning nozzles placed on outside of frame, swabbing nozzles placed inside frame, control unit, and rails |
| CN110976271A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-04-10 | 芜湖格普农业机械科技有限公司 | Layered vibration screening machine |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140124461A1 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2014-05-08 | Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support | Process for Inhibiting Biological Growth On a Gravity Fed Disc Filter |
-
1973
- 1973-02-15 GB GB750773A patent/GB1468655A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-11-14 JP JP48128102A patent/JPS49132656A/ja active Pending
-
1974
- 1974-02-15 DE DE19742407339 patent/DE2407339A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2913348A1 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-09-12 | Walter Gilbert | Device for filtering water used in swimming pool, comprises cylindrical shaped frame covering filtering membrane and suction pump, cleaning nozzles placed on outside of frame, swabbing nozzles placed inside frame, control unit, and rails |
| CN110976271A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-04-10 | 芜湖格普农业机械科技有限公司 | Layered vibration screening machine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS49132656A (en) | 1974-12-19 |
| GB1468655A (en) | 1977-03-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |