DE2363103A1 - Heating and emergency current generation appts. - comprises gas heater, gas engine, generator, gas compressor and heating bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

Combined heating and emergency current appts. for buildings comprises a gas heater, gas engine, generator, gas compressor, and heating bodies (convectors, heat exchangers) such that a closed gas (air) circuit is formed between the heaters, motor, cooler and compressor. The motor drives the emergency current generator and compressor. The cooler acts directly as a space heater and/or water heater for a hot water supply. The motor and compressor have high-r.p.m. rotors on the volumetric displacement principle, and are rigidly intercoupled together. The appts. does not pollute the atmos. and can be driven with given energy sources.

Description

H. Müller 7920 Reidenheim, December 14th, 1973

Old Bleach 75

Heating and emergency power generator

The Middle East crisis has made the energy issue we are facing particularly clear. Power cut-offs to be considered may put heaters, freezers, etc. out of operation because of the required electric pump. Usual emergency power generators are in use when there is an acute shortage of fuel questioned in their possible use, apart from the fact that such emergency power generators are not very environmentally friendly i.e., emit toxic fumes and are very noisy.

The invention relates to a unit with which the heating of a house can be ensured and an emergency power supply is possible. It should be largely environmentally friendly and with any energy sources (heat sources, fuels) can be operated. The unit should be simple in structure and therefore relatively cheap to manufacture be.

In principle, a closed compressed air circuit is proposed with compressed air generator (air heater as heat exchanger with heat source), compressed air motor, cooler (radiator) compressor. The compressed air motor is coupled to the generator (picture).

With this combination of assemblies, the required ones appear Compressed air motor (expansion motor) and the required compressor as relatively expensive and it will Therefore, according to the invention, a particularly simple combination is proposed for this purpose.

In most of the books on thermodynamics it is stated that that the hot air engine is of no practical importance because of the machine effort. The present invention is complete against this statement ("prejudice).

In the last 10 years the use of air motors (vane motors) has multiplied. The attached picture shows such a vane motor. It is a rotary machine in which lamellae are guided in the rotating shaft, which are usually applied to the cylinder by centrifugal forces. This type of engine is therefore often used as a multi-cell expansion machine marked with a sickle-shaped working space. The rotor speeds are with vane motors

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always over 3000 rpm and usually very much higher. So there are high speeds applicable, i.e. that constructively smallest dimensions are possible. A special feature of these air motors is, similar to the hydrodynamic Converter, the torque characteristic which decreases with increasing speed with runaway speed, that means that the speed limits itself. In the development of the inventive concept the vane motor and, accordingly, a vane compressor should have a common shaft, in order to achieve a structural unit that is as simple and cheap as possible. This is then easily possible if an appropriate Sealing wall is provided which separates the engine side from the compressor side.

The cycle takes place in the known way that heat is transferred to the compressed air in the heater (heat exchanger). Expansion work is performed in the vane motor, which is available to drive the generator. From here flows the gas to the "cooler" or the radiators and gives off a large amount of heat. This heat dissipation is therefore necessary so that the subsequent compressor work is so small that there is actually an excess of power to drive the generator is available. The gas flows from the compressor back to the heater and the circuit is closed.

In order to increase the specific output, the gas content of the system (most simply air) can be increased to a higher level before commissioning Pressure to be brought. According to the invention, the gas (air) can also be an air / water vapor mixture. This approach Expansion and compression more an isothermal course, which leads to an improvement in the efficiency of the engine contributes. In addition, the heat transfer in the radiators (coolers) is improved. During the dissolution of wet steam, there is heat consumed (compression) and heat is released when wet steam is formed (expansion). As soon as the heat source removes the gas in the Heat exchanger heated, is already due to the larger piston area of the motor start to turn the drive unit opposite the smaller piston area of the compressor (more static Effect).

The motor-compressor unit with its high speed shows the advantages of the single-shaft gas turbine, but differs clearly through the displacement principle of volumetric machines.

It is certainly not a question of a heat engine with good efficiency. This loses his in that moment Meaning if the amount of heat to be dissipated is determined for heating purposes according to the prerequisites. For this purpose, hot water can also be generated counting. The commissioning of the system is as safe as the heat source can be started, e.g. by a coal, wood gas fire or any other heat source.

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The speed control is not a particular problem. As already mentioned, the speed is limited by the converter-like Characteristic by itself. With the workload, that speed will set itself, that of the outside corresponds to the torque imposed. Influencing the heat supply, e.g. through the Regulation of the flame through variable air supply. The maximum gas pressure can be used as a control pulse. Similar to the Stirling engine, if the gas pressure is too high the gas can be stored in an additional container in order to deliver work again when the gas pressure is reduced. A fast Speed control is possible by throttling the gas flow.

Since it is a "hot air engine", as described, the temperatures in the engine and compressor are relatively low so that the material is not exposed to extreme temperatures.

It is obvious that such a plant is particularly environmentally friendly is because in principle, firstly, harmful exhaust gases only occur at all in the case of continuous combustion Minimum can be restricted and, secondly, the question of noise must be assessed as particularly favorable, since there are no exhaust noises due to the closed circuit. According to the invention, there is no gearbox between the vane motor and the generator, since a high-speed generator builds small and is inexpensive. A transmission would also be a source of noise. Vane motors are already running at speeds of 10,000 rpm and more in use.

As mentioned earlier, in the event of electricity cuts, even those would have hot water heaters, even if they were suitable for solid fuels are out of service that require electric forced circulation pumps. With such heaters, such as baseboard heaters, the pipelines have such a small diameter and thus such a large flow resistance that a natural circulation practically eliminated. This would offer the opportunity to attach such radiators to the closed To connect pressurized gas circulation, as these small pipe cross-sections have a significantly lower resistance for a gas form. In principle, it is of course possible to use the open circuit instead of the closed air circuit Select (the compressor sucks in freely and the motor discharges into the atmosphere) and any other working machine instead of the generator to connect.

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The invention is explained in detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. In it shows

Fig. 1 is a diagram of the heating and emergency power unit

Fig. 2 embodiment of a known high-speed multi-cell vane motor (Compressor).

In Fig. 1, 1 represents the heater with heat exchanger 2 and heat source 3. 4 is the expansion machine, 5 is the radiator (heat exchanger), 6 is the compressor, 7 is the generator. Heat exchangers, expansion machines, radiators, compressors and again heat exchangers are connected by lines 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 in a closed circuit. Ij5 represents a throttle valve between the lines 8 and 9. In addition, this throttle valve IJ can be designed as a two-way valve for a bypass line 14 into which the pressure relief valve 15 is integrated. This pressure relief valve I5 only responds when the gas reservoir 16 is exhausted, the gas inflow of which is controlled by the pressure holding valve I7, while the gas outflow is determined by the pressure holding valve I9, namely when the gas pressure in the line 8 has dropped sufficiently. From the line 8, a line 20 leads to the actuating piston 21 for the air regulation 22, which when the gas pressure rises, the air supply to a possible combustion

The speed controller 24 is on the shaft 23 of the generator 7 connected, via an operative connection 25 with the throttle valve 13 is coupled.

In Fig. 2, 26 represents the machine housing, 27 the rotor, 28 the barrel cylinder, 29 sliding lamellas, J50 an expansion space or compression space.

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Claims (1)

Claims claim Combined heating and emergency power unit, in particular for heating and powering buildings, consisting of a gas heater, a gas engine, your gas compressor and radiators (convectors, heat exchangers), characterized in that. ie / * te * H, ore * sr * tr, - a) a closed gas circuit (air circuit) between the heater, motor, cooler, compressor and heater is provided is b) the engine drives the emergency generator and the compressor and c) the gas cooler is designed directly as a space heater and / or as a water heater for a hot water supply is d) Motor and compressor as high-speed rotors according to the volumetric displacement principle and are rigidly coupled to each other. Claim 2 According to claim 1, characterized in that the motor and Compressor sit on a common shaft and the high-speed rotors are provided with sliding blades. claim According to claim 1, characterized in that with the high-speed vane motor and the high-speed compressor directly a high-speed generator is also coupled. Claim 4 According to claim 1, characterized in that in the closed Gas circuit, the existing radiators of a conventional hot water heating system can be integrated. Claim 5 According to claim 1, characterized in that the heater, can be set up to use all possible fuels and heat sources. 50982 6/00 9 3 Claim 6 According to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3 j characterized in that that the torque curve (control characteristic) of the generator and the torque characteristic of the compressor are opposite the torque converter characteristics of the vane motor are coordinated so that changes in load of the generator result in only minor changes in speed. Claim 7 According to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3 * characterized in that that for speed control of the engine in the line to the engine, a throttle valve is provided which automatically is adjusted by the speed of the motor and / or is combined with a bypass control. Claim 8 According to claim 1, characterized in that the power control takes place via the heat supply in the heater and that the pressure level in the closed circuit is used as a control variable. Claim 9 According to claim 8, characterized in that a compressed gas reservoir is integrated in the circuit upstream of the engine and throttle valve that stores pressure peaks (energy peaks) and makes this energy available again when needed. Claim 10 According to claim 1, characterized in that the generator can be switched to a battery if necessary. Claim 11 According to claim 1, characterized in that an air-steam mixture is used as the gas. 50 98 26/00 93