DE2351213A1 - Sealing-lining of bitumen-impregnated plastics mat - for water and oil stor-age and circulation works, is thin, soft, seamless, non shrink, crack free and insen-sitive to temp - Google Patents

Abstract

The linng consists of a non-woven plastics material (I), such as felt, in mat form impregnated with a binder (II) contg. hydrocarbon. This does not need a bed of sand and is resistant to tensile stress and all influences to which it is subject during construction and use, e.g., in reservoirs, dams, canals, dikes etc. (I) pref. consists of a rot proof polyester or polypropylene felt with a wt. of 100-600 g/m2, which is resistant to chemicals, whilst (II) is a blown, oxidised or directly distilled bitumen, coal distn. prod., pure tar, mixt. of wood tar and oils or mixt. of these with natural or synthetic resins or elastomers.

Description

Waterproofing liner and method of making it. The invention refers to the field of cladding aids for works in which water or oil is held or circulated, Human and animal nutrition, the irrigation of cultivated land, the energy generation, the transformation industries, the- fire safety that require equipment of residential areas or sports facilities etc. increasing amounts of water, which may or may not be potable, depending on the situation. At the same time, the protection against flooding, the creation of shipping routes, the treatment of sewage and waters of various origins and the fight against the pollution to the emergence of gradually more and more numerous future works in which barrels are held or circulate, such as dams, dykes, Channels etc.

For the sealing cladding used, which is both resistant, as well as being economical, hydrocarbon-containing products have been used for a long time Natural or plastics and, more recently, hydraulic binders, like cement or very thin plastic cladding.

The sealing panels are made to rigid or to tent flexible cladding elements, depending on their strength and the nature of their constituent parts.

The rigid panels are on the one hand more expensive than that yielding, taking into account that the cladding materials are always a must have a certain minimum thickness, whatever their geometric properties may be with the work to be protected. On the other hand, rigid panels are less safe with regard to the existence of numerous connection points of the construction and from shrinkage, as well as taking into account the impossibility of all movements, even slower way of adapting to the surface.

Conversely, the artificial waterproofing linings are very low thickness (of the order of millimeters), the fracture gradient when attaching and exposed during use. They become very expensive when they are substantial Degree of chemical and physical resistance, e.g. against aggressive water, against ultraviolet rays and the like.

need to have.

Among the soft, hydrocarbon-based cladding agents, offer the thin cladding from 5 to 10 mm thick attracted a great deal of interest because of them low price and their adaptability to possible subsidence the attachment point. If the cladding is also at the point of use itself are made, they can easily be used with all types of flooring adapt (with the exception of pointed rocks with sharp-edged ridges), and they are suitable also good for making connecting sealing points. They also bid the guarantee for chemical and physical invulnerability of the bitumen The thin bituminous linings - which are formed on the spot - belong to the Category of "membranes" as they are known and special on an industrial scale in the United States of North America are used, in any case must be included the bituminous top layer, which is the impermeability guarantee should, on the one hand, be protected against external mechanical, chemical and similar influences be by a layer of 25 to 30 cm of granular material or fasteners (Earth, sand, gravel, concrete), and on the other hand they must be in the majority of Base cases on a layer of fine-grain sand distribution. This layer is the same the unevenness of the area and the surface, which is the shape of the to be covered Works. Unfortunately, however, these sealants show three very important shortcomings: the bitumen casing can be extremely expensive if one does not ensure that in the working area perfect sand is available in sufficient quantity and proximity is; In addition, the thin cover layers do not offer sufficient cohesion in any case, therefore have insufficient resistance to pedestrian traffic and machine traffic; and in the end they do not fit into the bituminous membrane layer either additional mechanical resistance, if this e.g. on train or The aim of the invention is to provide a sealing cladding, Which these shortcomings of the currently known rigid and resilient facing materials eliminated The object of the invention is primarily a sealing cladding, which are thin, soft, seamless, non-shrinking, non-splitting and insensitive to temperature The subject matter of the invention is also a process for the production of such soft and dense cladding, for which a sandy base is saved can and which is resistant to train influences and therefore in the Is able to distribute all influences exerted on the soil shape, both during the construction of the seal, as well as during use.

The invention therefore generally consists in the fact that a waterproofing covering for waterworks is created, which essentially consists of a hydrocarbon-containing Binder and a non-woven plastic in the following description are so-called blown or so-called hydrocarbon-containing binders Understood oxidized bitumens, as well as other types of bitumen, such as by immediate distillation obtained, as well Hard coal distillation products, also of the pure type or made with marine tar or mixtures Tars, mixtures with elastomeric resins, natural or artificial in nature.

The invention thus relates to a sealing cladding or composite Sealing membrane, consisting of a non-woven plastic, such as felt, in Form a cloth or mat and soaked with a hydrocarbon-based Binder that corresponds to the definition above 0 It is often advantageous to nor to use a paint for the membrane-like mat mentioned, which consists of a hydrocarbon-containing binder can exist, which to the same Group or to another group of substances like the binding agent used for impregnation0 These paints can be applied in one or more layers, depending on the requirements for tightness and weight to be taken into account sind0 The bitumen alone cannot meet the requirements that a thin Cladding layer are provided, so is not for the purposes of the invention suitable. The membrane materials previously produced for such purposes only show one very moderate resistance to tensile stress and can only be flawless Shaped documents are applied, which consist of a closed fabric layer exist and whose slope is zero or at least very small0 For example, one has Attempts have also been made with a fastening of the woven glass type Such arrangements lead to a certain improvement in mechanical strength This improvement is limited by the fact that the specific Surface of the fitting, i.e. its capacity, stresses between the fitting and to distribute the bitumen is relatively low. In addition, this Improvement does not prove itself with mechanical influences, which in one of the two preferred directions of the thread structure of the fabric in the case obliquely Directed forces can even lead to a disruption in the membrane structure as a result of plane torsional forces, as a result, such arrangements do not have led to good results if the membrane in question is not smooth on the The floor of the workshop was laid or over a wall of the simple and regular geometric surface shape was drawn, Such cases occur but only very rarely in practice, especially when it is a question of such To seal pools that are in the vicinity of natural soil, the Movements is exposed 0 According to the invention for this reason for the inserted Armature uses felt-like non-woven mats, which mainly have the following advantages bring: The specific surface of these felt parts, which as a result of their textural Property is very high, multiplies the contact possibilities with the hydrocarbon-containing Binding agent and allows a transfer of forces, which has a significantly higher level of resistance possesses as composite materials, the z0B0 from 3 to 4 ffi a thread armature and 97 to 96% consist of a hydrocarbon-containing binder The disordered character of the pasernetwork gives the assembled material uniform Resilience in all directions.

Laboratory tests have shown that the high resistance against tensile forces and against bending, as well as the great elongation in the eventual Ripping the nonwoven Felt material by far the largest Part is retained when the material is "like" with the hydrocarbon-containing binder Bitumen, is impregnated. In this way it is possible to produce dense membrane products or to produce mats that are most common in practice Case are suitable in which namely not only the sealing cladding on a uniform running carrier is placed, but also when on long flanks of Waves or irregular, not carefully developed surfaces on irregular Documents the cladding must be applied. The load-bearing support surface can even have any surface shape, especially one that is not closed textural structure If, for example, the felt happens to be over a boulder is rolled, which rises unexpectedly above its surroundings, so the Meinbran material shows according to the invention in this area neither a tendency to crack or gap formation, even if pedestrian traffic is routed through this point 0 The non-woven plastic material, which according to the invention serves as a support fitting for the sealing cladding, withstands all these demands and cannot be forgiven with impregnated Bituminous materials used in the previous technique for example used to seal roofs.

In the case of the composite sealing lining according to the invention the non-woven carrier material offers in addition to the sealing effect of the hydrocarbon-based one impregnation means the mechanical hold: These two requirements could so far still not be fulfilled at the same time if a soft sealing cladding is required became. According to the invention, non-woven or felt-like felts can be used for the Carrier materials which correspond to the above definition, in particular also felts use non-woven polyester material made from polyolefins or copolymers, which contain polymers of polyvinyl chloride, felts have proven themselves well Polyester material, especially those that are available on the French market under the Designation "BIDIM 300 will be brought onto the market by the company RHODIACETA0 The non-woven synthetic base material for polyester felt can be, for example, as follows Have properties: completely rot-resistant and chemically inert, breaking strength over 5 kg / cm linear, elongation before break over 30, softening point over 200 ° C, Melting point over 22,000, weight between 300 and 600 g / m² 0 To An additional feature of the invention can be the nonwoven with hydrocarbon Binder-soaked plastic material also consists of polypropylene felt, this Material can be used to advantage particularly in cases where the impregnating agent is used in the cold as an emulsion. Such materials made of non-woven polypropylene felt, zOBo have the following properties: completely rot-resistant and chemically inert, breaking strength over 5 kg / cm linear, elongation before break 30 , Softening point above 80 ° C, melting point above 100 ° C, weight between 100 and 600 g / m20 The hydrocarbon-containing binder used must be at the use temperature (0 to 50 ° C) form a pliable layer that reacts little to temperature changes appeals to. The blown or oxidized bitumens have this property and are suitable So especially for the invention0 In detail, the physical properties certain bitumens used after the earth connection between the following Limit values lie: melting point (ball and ring) 70 to 900C penetration at 2500 25 to 45 Penetration at OOC 4 to 12 Pumpability at 160 oG spread in spray gun or mouthpiece at 200 00.

The minimum temperatures for the melting point (ball and ring), as well for the penetrations are suitable for hot zones, e.g.

for the tropics, while the maximum temperature for melting point and Penetration is suitable for cold climates, e.g. for mountainous areas. For moderate Zones will therefore be chosen from materials with medium properties, for this One type of bitumen has proven particularly useful, which is known as "R 85/25" by by the SHELL company. This bitumen can according to the invention can also be used in emulsion form in the cold0 From a different point of view the invention proposes a bitumen as the hydrocarbon-containing binder of the genus "from direct distillation. It has been found that that such bitumens show better results for the impregnation of felt of blown or oxidized bitumen, especially in the cases where the geotechnical soil conditions permit at the laying site Forces can become effective which lead to a rupture of the membrane during the period of use or even while it is being attached.

For example, they have composite membranes or cladding mats made of non-woven felt of the type "BIDIM" 300 g and one impregnated with 4 kg of bitumen increased tensile strength at 2000 from 20 kg in the case of blown bitumen "R 85/25" is used 0 However, this resistance value reaches 70 kg in the event that that bitumen 80/100 from direct distillation is used. This benefit can So under certain environmental conditions be of the utmost importance, Likewise are the ductility properties of those impregnated with bitumen from direct distillation Membrane quite different. So if you have the membrane described above compares, the result is an elongation of 20%, a tensile resistance of 80 k-g in in the case of the use of blown bitumen, and 42 kg in the case of bitumen from direct distillation. This latter value can come in a large number of cases are quite sufficient, but then one has the advantage of a considerable Increase in the tear resistance As already stated above, can the same applies to the binding agent used to paint the impregnated felt formed by bitumen direct distillation if the risks associated with the greater thermal sensitivity of this substance are neglected be it with a corresponding reduction in the thickness of the paint film, be it for the adequate quality of a repaint, be it under the climatic conditions Conditions themselves0 The paint in question can, however, also consist of another hydrocarbon-containing one Binders exist, including a bitumen of different types according to the invention is used with advantage for the hydrocarbon-containing binder for impregnation a bitumen from direct distillation with the following properties: melting point (Ball and ring) 34 to 600C penetration at 250C 40 to 220 penetration at the 2 to 10 pumpability at 105 to 12500 spread in the die 140 to 16000.

Depending on the circumstances of the application, one can not only use nature of the plastic felt, but also its weight per unit surface area in the used compound Membrane or mat vary, and you can too change the proportion of the hydrocarbon-containing binder as desired.

So the invention is particularly applicable to workshops with a negligible or completely absent hydraulic pressure, for example to keep the water from entering the ground, doh. for shielding cover This can also involve measures that are only required temporarily. With this one the thickness of the membrane or mat can then be less, which in turn reduces the use of mats of non-woven plastic with a lower weight per unit area of up to 100 g / m2 allowed In other words, you can work with felts that, if they are for the invention are used, have a weight of between about 100 and 600 g / m2, It is also possible to adjust the amount of impregnation binder in the felt to vary. The usual amount of the hydrocarbon-containing binder can be so go from 90 to 98 GewO- * to 2 to 10 GewO-% of the nonwoven base material. In certain cases, however, it may be advisable to use the total amount of the hydrocarbon-containing Binding agent used per square meter of the area to be covered, up to 5 kg / m2, even up to 2 to 3 kg / m2 to lower, especially in those cases where the membrane or mat serves as a covering screen, thanks the combination of the hydrocarbonaceous binder and the nonwoven According to the invention, plastic material can be an impenetrable soft membrane produce that adapts to different terrains and slopes up to about 1.5 m under surface covered at 1 m height, with the resistance to tension and bending is greater than that of the support body and thereby then all cracks and foreseeable imperfections in tightness both during installation and during use of the seals laid in this way can be avoided0 In certain cases one can also use a Apply chemical anti-kerosene protection in the form of a powder of the product, which is resistant to hydrocarbons, such as those on the market under the name "STAVOJET K" or "COLAS AK" products available, it should be pointed out that the panels provided according to the invention for holding back or guiding of liquids not only against pure or contaminated water, but also can be used against hydrocarbons, as already stated above, contains such a disguise compound also a paint ~ or a binding agent, which resists the hydrocarbons. A practical example of one Application in this area is that of the internal sealing of protective devices in reservoirs of petroleum products, such as those used in refineries in particular will.

The nonwoven materials or synthetic felts of the invention are made used in the form of ribbons or leaves0 When laying, the leaves or Sheets of the non-woven felt are rolled out so that the adjacent layers are on top cover a certain width 0 Then the overlapping parts of the cladding glued with a binder, preferably bitumen, and with at least one layer of bitumen covered all over the surface, as an example of how to apply a such tight cladding according to the invention are used in the following Work steps called; 1. Preparatory terracing of the shape of the one to be sealed Workshop, such as dike, dam, embankment of a basin. Or canal, 2q general Compaction of the soil shape obtained in this way and especially removal of stony ones elements with sharp-edged burrs that could damage the sealing cladding, 3. Unwinding the nonwoven felt webs along lines with the greatest incline, with each lane overlaps its neighboring lane to a width of 30 to 40 cm, with preliminary fastening of the upper tracks by inserted steel pegs, 4o gluing ~ the coverings through hot powdered bitumen, which is sprayed on with a spray nozzle or is applied in another way, e.g. by means of hot air, 5. Dust on of bitumen at 180 to 2000C using a spray nozzle on the two-layer base with a total of 8 to 10 kg of bitumen or binding agent per square meter, 6o removal of the temporary fastening pegs, 7o application of a mechanical one Protective blanket or a chemical protective layer adapted to the local conditions.

This sequence of work steps was used, for example, in order to create two Brd reservoirs in the area of Marseilles. One of those pools 80 m wide was to the left of the final dike and 200 m along the valley path The other 50 m wide pool was 100 m long. In both cases this was Greatest water depth set at 6 m. The first basin had two main purposes: that Creation of a water reserve for fire hazard and the creation of a paddling pool, The second basin was more industrial in character: it was essentially determined as a water reserve for a neighboring factory The one chosen for the two basins non-woven felt material, consisted of a polyester that was sold under the designation "BIDIM 300 "was available, but there was a certain zone for which an additional Resilience was required, made from non-woven felt on the basis of a polyester which was on the market under the name "BIDIM 400" New cladding or membrane material can, as has been described, at the place of use be made by yourself0 A variant of this can also be prefabricated in the form of membranes or mats, divided into pieces, their dimensions is adapted to the geometric configuration of the substrate to be sealed. Man can advantageously insert a separator sheet between the individual mats, for example the end Xraft paper or a thin plastic material to prevent the mats, if they are kept stacked up, glue them together. At the moment The individual mats are then laid in place with easier use mutual overlap, whereupon the overlapping points simply by external The effect of heat can be combined with one another0 This procedure is described below illustrated by an example showing the application of a protective blanket depicts a gravel railway line.

Such a protective blanket placed between the floor and the gravel bed is designed to prevent rainwater seeping in in the event that the soil has plastic properties, so that the gravel becomes dirty and a reduction in its carrying capacity is prevented0 The use of such Protective mats according to the invention, which have a great resistance to tearing offer, has the great advantage that you can get the ballast directly on the Can put a protective mat without the need for an intermediate layer, e.g. made of sand, Bringing in 0 The membrane was made with the help of bitumen direct distillation The application was also carried out in the cold in the form of an emulsion0 if otherwise there are heavy loads and disabilities at the construction site are, z ,, restrictions on rail traffic, then there is always a reduction of the work on the site desired to a minimum, but also that this Work is as little subject to unpredictable atmospheric influences as possible are. For this reason, the cladding mats were prefabricated in the workshop in the required dimensions, e.g. 9 x 2.5 m0 The fabrication proceeds then by following these steps: a) On a simple flat floor with a slight incline a kraft paper is laid out, a mat of non-woven felt is placed on top of it, as it is on the market under the name t2BIDIMt with a weight of 300 g / m2 and divided into the necessary dimensionsg b) Now an emulsion of bitumen is made 80/100 in concentrated form in three consecutive 2 layers of 6.3 and 3 kg / m applied, each time a break for drying under the respective atmospheric conditions 0 c) The various mats are placed on one Covered wagons stacked on top of each other, with one in between Kraft paper prevents sticking a) the rails and the old ballast put down, even on the There is a risk that time would be a bit short, on the whole strength from 30 to 35 cm, if the mixture of the floor materials and the ballast ballast has already been made beforehand was upset; b) one has a general compression with the help of a light one Rolling device made with a smooth roller.

The following work steps are then carried out: a) Unloading of the individual membranes or mats, which are attached piece by piece by a simple pull at their ends 0 b) Laying the mats side by side, overlapping with about 10 to 15 cm of mutual Overlap so that each mat immediately adapts to the shape of the support point, c) welding of the overlap points simply by heating with the help of a butane gas burner, d) reattaching the Rails, which are held by holding blocks, which are directly on the membrane or mat resting, e) Repositioning of the new bedding by work trolleys, which drive on the track itself and each time a pressure on the underlying mats on the order of 10 bar imparted by the holding blocks0 The method according to the invention simplifies and perfects the construction the usual membranes and mats, since now there is a general omission of the intermediate sand layer is possible0 The invention is obviously not limited to the processes, their sequence has been described above.

Rather, it is applicable to any soil structure in which one Combination of a non-woven material or plastic felt with a bitumen or another special binder is used. In particular, the invention on all works of dewatering and water flow for pure or unclean water Water, as well as applicable to corresponding containers and guides for hydrocarbons Patent claims:

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. Sealing cladding, characterized in that that they are made of a non-woven plastic material, such as felt, in mat form with impregnated with a hydrocarbon-containing binder, consists of 20 cladding mat according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-woven plastics existing wipes have a unit weight between 100 and 600 g / m2 e = 3. Covering mat according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the non-woven Plastic material is a felt made of polyester or polypropylene0 4. Covering mat according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the non-woven plastic material a polyester felt has the following properties: completely rot-resistant and chemical inert, breaking strength over 5 kg / cm linear, elongation before break over 30 fo, softening point over 200,000, melting point over 220,000, weight between 300 and 600 g / m². 5. Covering mat according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that that the plastic nonwoven material is a polypropylene felt having the following properties is: completely rot-resistant and chemically inert, breaking strength above r 5 kg / cm linear, elongation before break over 30 g, softening point over 80 00, melting point over 100 00, weight between 100 and 600 g / m20 6. Covering mat after one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hydrocarbon-containing The binder is a bitumen of the blown or oxidized bitumen type, or a directly distilled bitumen, or a product of hard coal distillation, or of the type of pure tars or of mixtures of marine tar and oils, or from mixtures of the aforementioned substances with natural or synthetic resins or elastomer covering mat according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that when using bitumen as an impregnating agent this following on use in moderate climatic conditions Has coordinated properties: Melting point (ball and ring) 70 to 90 oC penetration at 25 ° C 25 to 45 penetration at 0 ° C 4 to 12 pumpability at 160 ° C spread in a spray gun or nozzle at 200 ° C 8. Covering mat after an or several of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that when using one directly distilled bitumen as a hydrocarbon-containing binder for impregnation the bitumen has the following properties: Melting point (ball and ring) 34 to 60 ° C penetration at 25 CO 40 to 220 penetration at OOC 2 to 10 pumpability at 105 to 125 CC spread in the spray gun or nozzle at 140 to 160 ° C 9. Covering mat according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the mat material contains the following components: 90 to 98 % By weight hydrocarbon-containing binder and 2 to 10% by weight of the nonwoven Plastic material, preferably 3 to 4% by weight non-woven plastic material and 96 to 97 wt. Bitumen0 10e cladding mat according to one or more of the Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the mat has a coating made of hydrocarbons Binding agent that is either the same or a different group of materials belongs to the binder with which the mat is impregnated. 11. Covering mat according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that either a simple one for external mechanical protection over train or a top layer of simple cement concrete, depending on the type and the strength of the stresses to which the covering mat in question is subjected ist0 12. Covering mat according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized characterized in that the mat is anti-hydrocarbons including kerosene wear resistant cover. 13. A method for the production of covering mats according to one of or several of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the for impregnation of the Materials serving hydrocarbon-containing binders either warm or as Emulsion is applied cold. 14e Method for producing a floor covering with the aid of Covering mats according to Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the made of non-woven plastic felt in the form of ribbons or Leaves on the floor section to be covered so that the neighboring Layers cover over a certain width, whereupon the overlapping parts the Bodenyer clothing with a hydrocarbon-containing binder, e.g. a Bitumen, glued and covered with at least one layer of this binder and the whole thing is then provided with a protective layer0 15o method according to claim i4, characterized by the following treatment steps: 1o Preparatory terracing the shape of the work site to be sealed off, such as a dike, dam, embankment of a basin or channel or the like; 2. Compaction of the soil shape obtained in this way and removal of stony elements with sharp-edged ridges, which the sealing Could damage the fairing; 3o unwinding the non-woven mushroom webs lengthways Lines of steepest inclination, with each path spreading over a width of 30 to 40 cm overlap, with preliminary fastening of the upper sheets through inserted Pegs in the soil form; 4. Gluing the overlays by spraying hot powdered bitumen, which is sprayed with a nozzle or in some other way, e.g. by means of hot air; 5. Dusting bitumen at 180 to 200 CC using an injection nozzle on the two-layer base with a total amount from 8 to 10 kg of bitumen or binder per square meter; 6. Slimming the preliminary Fixing pegs; 7. Application of a mechanical protective cover or a chemical protective layer 0 160 adapted to the local conditions Method of manufacturing a cladding or composite sealing membrane according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that initially the membrane or mat elements made of non-woven plastic-Xilz and hydrocarbon-containing Binder produced and optionally by separating sheets, for example from Kraft paper or plastic material that is placed between the individual elements, be kept ready for processing; that these elements are then under mutual Partial overlap applied to the surface to be clad and through external Heat action on the overlap points are combined with one another. 17. Application of the covering mats to one or more of the claims 1 to 13 at workplaces for sealing or guiding pure or impure water, as well as hydrocarbons;