DE2323690A1 - DEVICE FOR COLLECTING EMISSIONS GIVEN INTO THE ATHMOSPHERE - Google Patents

Description

23 833

Great Lakes Carbon Corporation, New York

N.Y. / UNITED STATES

Device for collecting emissions released into the atmosphere

The invention relates to a device for collecting particulate matter and gases ^ which have been generated during thermal chemical reactions. The invention is
especially in connection with the collection of such
Products advantageously released into the atmosphere from the coke

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side of a coke oven chamber are expelled.

There is an increasing demand concerning the MI-niraierung or avoiding strielie by various processes INDUR erzeugtet ¹ air pollution. In particular, efforts have long been made to avoid air pollution caused by emissions from coke retorts or coke oven batteries when coal is charred in such industrial units and, after the coking cycle, the coke is pushed out of the oven into a quenching truck to cool. Efforts of this kind date back at least to 1906, when US Pat. No. 809,645 was issued. This describes a process for pumping the gases and particulate substances from a series of retorts into a common line, which is equipped with appropriate openings and flaps, but here the emissions from the coke retorts are possibly conveyed out to the atmosphere. "Since that time · Various additional devices have been proposed with the aim of counteracting air pollution from emissions from coke ovens. In this regard, see U.S. Patents 5,650. 852, 5,647,656, 5,567,844, 5,676,505, 5,715,282 and 5.7I6. 452, which are characterized in that extraction hoods with or without fan suction devices are provided, which are arranged directly on the coke guide plate or represent a feature of the same. This coke guide shaft is usually moved in close relation to a coke oven door post so that a passage way over the coke guide platform and walkway

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Bahn is formed immediately next to and parallel to the coke oven battery on the coke side. Furthermore, through The coke guide prevents the coke from spilling when it is ejected from the furnace. There was also a deduction or a casing made of a component or part of the quenching carriage that rests on a track below the coke guide plate to accommodate the hot Coke and is arranged to transport the same to a quenching station. Such facilities stand out by using intricate devices running along the profile of the coke ovens on the coke side of the battery must be moved together with the coke guide plate or Absehreekwagen or both. In the US patent 3 * 630.852 describes a closed chamber, which consists of a roof that rests against the front surface of the coke oven battery on the coke side and further comprises a vertical wall extension of the roof having a sealed chamber for receiving the hot coke forms. This chamber is emptied through a suction channel. In this way no atmospheric air can come into contact with the coke in this arrangement. In addition, the chances of survival are for Workers under this suction device extremely low because of the very high temperatures that are inside such a deduction can be achieved. Furthermore, the generated by the high heat conditions Gas pressure that builds up inside the flue when the coal is ejected creates a considerable pressure the chamber so that the gases rotate the coke escape slots In US Pat. No. 3,716,457, a trigger is provided that extends over the

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Extends length of the coke oven battery and is open at the bottom. This fume cupboard is divided into cells or compartments. The top of each cell is provided with a valved outlet connected to a suction line. Each compartment must accommodate the gas pressure released by the ejection of a coke charge from the furnace, and the volume created by a compartment is unable to cope with the resulting increased volume of gases and suspended particles as the coke is ejected and the gases including the atmosphere outside the furnace by a few orders of magnitude due to the high temperature of the coke (usually 98l ° C to 1095 ° C / I8OO ° P to 2000 ⁰ F ^) increase. Even if the compartment is subjected to suction, the considerable increase in volume cannot accommodate the gases, so that the gases as well as the particulate substances are forced to migrate to one side of the compartment in question and enter the atmosphere outside the fume cupboard. In addition, this arrangement requires movable walls on the slide of the coke guide.

The invention is therefore intended to create a device that covers the coke guide - and quenching carriage areas on the coke side of the coke oven battery, which _{= should} extend along the entire coke oven battery to accommodate the entire thermal volume generated by ejecting a coke-filled oven capable, which should also have devices to retain the particulate substance within the collecting device and to classify and which the gases and a part of the particulate substance by means of a

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suction line to an appropriate washing device sucks. At the same time, this housing or the collecting zone should be permanent or stationary and thus no part of the coke guide or the coke quenching car so that these can freely move along their associated tracks in the lateral direction in front of the coke oven bed can move without having to go through fume cupboards, panels, suction ducts and other facilities described in the foregoing patents.

Accordingly, the present invention is directed to an apparatus or device for capturing or collecting the Vapors and particulate matter normally released into the atmosphere at a variety of thermal chemical reactions are given off. In particular, the device fulfills these tasks in conjunction with the operation of a by-product coke oven battery as it absorbs the fumes from leaking seals or around the doors that enclose the ends of the coke ovens and as it further collects the vapors and particulates Collects substances that are formed when the coke is expelled from the ovens after each coking cycle. The vapors from the coke doors and the vapors and particulate matter released when the coke is expelled generated from the coke oven battery or from other industrial work processes are described below commonly referred to by the term, emissions.

The device according to the invention has a housing which extends over the entire length of the device generating the emissions and in particular a coke oven battery on the coke side thereof. The housing has a pointed roof with end panels and roof panels that follow

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extend outward and downward from the rooftop and which are higher than the source of the emissions. At least it hangs from the lower area or the edge of the roof panels an additional panel that extends inward and downward from the lower portion or edge of a roof panel extends to the outside of the quenching carriage, however ends beyond the outside. The upper zone of the device defined by the aforementioned panels serves as an expansion zone and not only does the absorption of the thermal volume caused by the hot, gases generated when the coke is expelled from the furnace is ingested, but also causes an upward speed of the emissions. This upper zone also creates a space through which the path of the rising hot gases and trapped particles in a circulating one Orphan is changed, so that this changes the classification of particulate substances into fine particles, (i.e. less than about 1 / u) and coarse particles can be carried out more easily. The fine particles are drawn off, while the coarser particles go to the Bo-. the traps and are periodically removed there. From the edges or lower areas of the aforementioned panels essentially vertical walls hang down from the source of the emissions, but they extend not so far down that air can circulate over the bottom of the walls and up through the case is prevented. A tapered suction channel is arranged in the upper part of the expansion zone of the housing. The channel has a progressively increasing cross-section, to whom β? the suction side of a blower at the end of the canal: approaching. This duct has an air intake port equipped, which protrude outwards from the duct from openings made in it and are arranged in this way.

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are arranged so that when a suction is applied to the channel via this an essentially balanced gas pressure is present. Suction devices, such as a Coaxial fans are also provided to create a negative pressure in the duct so that the finer part of the Particles and gases are withdrawn from the thermal expansion zone in a controlled amount and balanced air flow will. These particulate substances are then fed to a suitable washout device.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the Emission collection device placed on the side and top of a coke oven battery and spans the coke guide and quench car areas along the length of the battery;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along the cutting line 2-2 of FIG. 1 with a representation of the emission housing according to the invention including the Suction channel of the coke guide and the Koksabsehreekwagensi

5 shows a diagram showing the thermal expansion effect on the atmosphere within the housing according to the invention when the coke is expelled from a coke oven at a temperature of about 981 ° C .;

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Pig. Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2 of another embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary, perspective detail view the suction duct and the air intake ports, which form part of the invention.

In the first drawing, the biscuit oven battery shown diagrammatically is provided with the general reference 10 and has a large number of coke ovens or ovens 11 arranged in parallel. At the end of the J.cdeo coke oven there is a door 11a which is either self-sealing or, according to conventional practice, can be cemented with an appropriate clay or other heat-resistant material so that the gases remain largely inside the oven while the coal charge is coked therein. The upper end of the coke oven battery is an anchor column 11b. On the coke oven side of the battery and directly next to the individual ovens there is a track or bed 12 on which a coke guide carriage 13 is arranged. The carriage is equipped with side panels IYes off 'and moves laterally along the coke oven on rails 14. On an even lower level adjacent to the guide carriage and also laterally to the coke oven battery continuously is a quench shuttle l $ _y which bex on a runway 16 ^ egt. All of the components mentioned above are standard equipment and known to those skilled in the art. That. the housing covering the coke guide and the quenching carriage extends longitudinally along the front coke side of the battery and in the transverse direction so that the track for the quenching carriage is enclosed and is indicated by the general reference number

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-9- 2323b90

marked. This housing is hereinafter referred to as the emission containment structure. It is stationary relative to the coke oven battery and has a pitched roof which is higher than the battery and consists of roof panels 22a at each end of the roof and outwards and downwards the roof panels 21 and 22. The first! »Achpanel 21 extends outwards and downwards over the upper end of the coke oven battery and is supported by pillars 27b. The columns 27b rest on the coke oven anchor column 11b and are attached to it, so that the side of the roof structure is held. The second roof panel 22 extends outward and downward beyond the coke guide and quenching car areas. A third panel 23 extends downward and inward from the lower longitudinal edge of the roof panel 22 to the quench car area, but ends outside this area. A substantially vertical wall element 25 hangs down from the lower region or the edge of the first roof panel 21 down to the upper end of the anchor pillar 11b and preferably occupies a substantially gas-tight seat. A further, substantially vertical wall 24 hangs downward from the lower portion of the panel 23 to a point or level which is slightly above or just above the upper end of the parapet. As an alternative to this, according to Flg. ^l \ - these walls extend downward almost to the mark on which the quenching carriage is arranged, but without coming into contact with it, so that the air currents within the housing structure can create a cross and upward draft when the coke is removed from the Furnace extinct WJTd _x UnCl a thermal lift occurs in the housing. The device also requires, if in prebinding with a coke

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oven battery · used, a heat shield 27 extending inwards and upwards, which is arranged above the coke guide area and can be attached to the columns 7b which support the roof panel 21. This shield extends over the entire Il'n..ra of the coke oven battery and can be made of a steel with an insulation, such as calcium odor ■ magnesium «! Ilk- ^; .t, polyglot attached to the bottom and / or both sides, be formed. The area above this warning t-sign or deflection panel 27 and below the roof panel 21 serves as part of the expansion zone B in the upper area of the housing. It is important * that this heat shield is installed in an upward sloping position, as shown in the drawing. The Wärrnsablenkpanel or shield 27 is attached at one end to the support columns 27b and is held by means of a suspension rod 27a of the Dachstrebc J) O. .

The roof panc ■ «. 21, 22 and the panel 2J can be of any passer. .. n, hochternperaturbep.tändigen material einsehlieaslJfl · ^ '.' Olltem alloy steel ode ¹ "temperature resistant Viny -best-panels are formed. The vertical wall panels .Λ and 25 may also cv :. steel or other st-. Fei ^ hochtemperaturbeständj ; .on Ma'.erIaI consists) i ₍ , or El ^ four which can be made of woven asbestos doekon or panels, .mg by monel wire or another heat-resistant "^ 'oht reinforced and / or pinned to it *

The Emis.'j.onsauffongbauvierk 20 has front end panels 26, which are made of similar materials from the panels 2.h and 25 bor. tt hen. T) '^ v Abs ehre ckvmgen 15 runs along the track l6 from right to left when viewed in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 5, so that the wall or panel 26 must have a suitably hinged flap 52 or door that pushes open or open,

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if the panel 26 is below the level of the Absc? ireok car extends so that this car can leave the structure on its way to the quench tower.

PaG Structure 20 i st forner in the upper region of the thermal Expnnsionczone nut a temperature-resistant channel 28 is equipped, of round, square, or otherwise no rechteekförniig can. According to the drawing, Dirser Koiin] tapers progressively and has a blower 29 with an increased cross-section when it approaches the suction side. If the enlarged area of the duct leaves the emission collection structure vK'2'k, it is preferably provided with a transition piece 35 and a tubular duct area 35a which leads around the fan 29. The particulate substance passed through the fan is fed to a gas scrubbing device or a dust filter device, for example a centrifugal or cyclone separator or an electrostatic separator. These are conventional devices and are therefore not shown in the drawing. As an alternative to this, these devices can also be arranged in front of the fan 29.

5 shows an enlarged area of a section of the suction channel 23 and the air intake port 28a, which over openings attached to the channel are arranged. These intake ports are preferably made by cutting them off diagonally a pipe section of a suitable diameter, and each section so formed is attached to an opening in such a way that the free edges 28b of the intake manifold move in the opposite direction

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to the air flow generated by the fan 29 as a result of the suction extend in the canal. This creates a streamlined flow of the gases and the particulate sweetener through the intake manifold and through'den channel in the direction created by the blower. The duct bores and the air intake sockets are suitably connected to the duct Placed so, that along the entire length of the canal one There is essentially a balanced static pressure, so that a uniform suction over the length of the Emissiönsauffangb & uvjerkes is guaranteed.

The building 20 is on its outer side by structural elements 17/18 and 2? B and on its inside by structural elements 50 and 31 held. The fan 29 is also through corresponding structure carried.

If the coke is ejected from an oven 10 in the manner indicated at 19, the coke passes through the coke guide 13 and falls into the retainer carriage 15. Pig. shows the thermal expansion of the gases within the emission capturing Bauwerkes 20 when about 9> 9? (H tons) coke t at a temperature of about 1095 ° C (2000 ⁰ F) are ejected from an oven in less than 1 minute in the Absehreckwagen 15th The peak thermal volume or stress represented by the area A ~ 4 peaks in less than a minute. This depends on the running time AI of the ram, ie the time required to eject the coke from the furnace in the quenching viagen, the coke temperature and the dwell time A-2 of the quenching car within the structure. With a given amount of coke, the emptying time of the housing and the diameter of the suction channel can be calculated

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28 and the capacity of the fan 29 determine. The fan 29 is operated continuously and with a suitable volumetric flow (see A-J5 in FIG. J> \ , a total time according to A-5 elapsing in order to remove the thermal volume emission kK from the collecting structure.

As the coke is expelled from the furnace into the quench car, the gases expand very rapidly and the particulate matter is directed upward into the extended roof area B of the structure. This volume of gas and its upward velocity carries a significant amount of particulate matter to the top of the structure. Since the volumetric thermal load is much greater than can be absorbed by the balanced air suction duct, the roof ₅ is designed, as described, in such a way that it does justice to this over-load expansion. By calculating the thermal expansion load A-4, an emission containment structure of suitable dimensions and capacities including the upper expansion zone B can be built, which is able to absorb the thermal load.

According to FIG. 2 of the drawing, a large part of the expanded gas volume is in the upper part of the structure reversed in its flow direction and back down into the areas or areas of the upper, through the roof panels 21 and 22, the panel 23 and the heat deflector panel 27 formed structure directed. The particulate Substance-containing gases are at the beginning upwards in the main heat lift in the upper area of the thermal Expansion zone directed. The finer particles, i.e.,

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. 14-23,236

those of less than about 1 Ai are directed upwards to the duct 28 and in this through the suction nozzle 28a and then fed downstream in the duct to the suction fan 29 or the washing device described above. The temperature-resistant panels or walls 24, 25 and 2o keep the thermal load ^ and also allow the air to move under these wall panels, so that a transverse and upward pull of the thermal load into the expansion zone is generated.

The thermal load per volume generated by a given amount of coke ejected from the furnace can be determined by placing the quenching carriage in a closed structure * such as a quenching tower and checking the velocity of the upwardly directed gases and their temperatures at various locations within the This creates a figure that approximates the volume of hot gases produced by a given amount of coke. The emissions containment structure is then constructed in suitable proportions to contain this volume, but with the above mentioned volume structure must have to d: e expansion zone for the thermal volume and for the circulation of the hot gases and the particulate substance to provide in the desired manner, or a part classification, and a precipitate of particulate sub ~ banz loading in _T to allow kind described .,

For a typical coke oven battery with about 9 * 97 t (11 tons) coke is ejected from a furnace into the quenching car, an emission

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seen that about II3OO m ^J (400,000 cubic feet) of gas is able to absorb at the maximum temperature which is reached within the structure, as the coke is discharged at a temperature of about 982 ⁰ C (l800 ° F). For a coke oven battery with 40 ovens averaging 50.8 cm (20 inches) wide, each oven produces approximately 9.07 or 9.97 tons (10 or / tons) of coke, with the catcher structure 53 * 5 m (176 feet) long and the roof panels 21 and 22 at an angle of 45 ° are 7 * 6 m- (25 puss) and 6.7 m (22 fugs) long. The panel 25 is approximately 2.24 in (7 feet) long. The entire roof structure towers above the coke delivery and screening wagon areas. The cross-section of the channel 28 changes and has a dimension of 0.915 ni χ 1.85 m (3 feet x 6 feet) at the remote end of the emission collection structure and a dimension of 1.83 m χ 1.83 m ( 6 feet χ 6 feet). 59 air intake nozzles 28a are provided and these are formed from a round tube with a diameter of 35 »56 cm (14 inches) by cutting the tube in a diagonal direction. Each intake manifold is attached to one of 59 holes cut out on the duct. These bores are arranged in such a way that the static gas pressure in the channel is essentially equalized over the entire channel when suction is applied. An in-line blower with a diameter of 1.83 m (6 feet) and a duct

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capacity of about 3960 nr / min. (140,000 cubic feet per Minute), is used and powered by a 200 hp (horse power) motor. It was determined, that this is sufficient to absorb the maximum thermal volume that develops when 9 * 07 tons (10 tons) or 9.97 tons (11 tons) of coke from the furnace

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be expelled. It will be understood that if more than 9.07 to 9 * 97 t of coke is ejected from the furnace, the housing must be dimensioned appropriately, and also in its dimensions as "'also the capacitance of the channel 28 and 'of the fan 29 are to be changed.

The wall 24 and the end panels 26 hang down o.der are arranged so that their lower edge is either roughly on the same level or slightly above the upper end of the coke quenching carriage. Or it can be in a place immediately above the marking be ordered, on which the runway for the quenching car was placed.

Although the emission collection structure according to the invention, especially in connection with the control of emissions from a coke oven battery, along with leakage losses on gases and particulate matter from the closed coke oven doors understands it is that the device according to the invention is also used in connection with other industrial companies can be used in which a chemical process takes place at high temperature, such as in a blast furnace, electric steel furnace, etc. In such cases of use, the supporting structure for the emission collection housing changed so that it corresponds to the special requirements. The invention can can therefore be used in connection with numerous operating cases other than the one specifically described here.

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Claims (1)

Claims Apparatus for collecting emissions emitted into the atmosphere in the presence of hot gases generated by a chemical reaction at high temperature, characterized by a housing (20) forming an emissions collection zone which is arranged to receive the emissions and with a Pointed roof is provided, which end panels £ 2a) and outwardly and downwardly extending roof panels (2l, 22), which are higher than the source of emissions, by at least one inward and downward from the lower area or the edge of the Roof panel extending panel (2'ß) , by a substantially vertical wall member (24) depending from the lower portion or edge of the inwardly and downwardly extending panel (2J>) , the upper part of the housing the roof and the inwardly and downwardly extending panel comprising a zone for the thermal expansion of the gases and for the classification and deposition of the te form iliac-shaped substance; by a substantially vertical wall 05), "the downwardly from the lower portion or edge of which hangs the expansion zone forming panels to a point below the source of the emissions, by a suction - 18 409842/0255 (28), which is arranged in the upper region of the expansion zone and has a progressively increasing cross-section has when approaching the suction end, through air intake ports (283,), which from along the Length of the channel attached openings protrude and are arranged so that over the length of the channel when a suction is applied, the gas pressure is essentially balanced and through a suction device (29) 2 To create a negative pressure in the channel to suck out particles and gases the thermal expansion zone. 2. Device according to claim 1 for collecting the emissions given off from leaky doors and from coke, when the coke is on the coke side of a coke oven battery through a coke guide into a coke quenching car is ejected, the carriage being arranged so that it is generally parallel to the The battery is movable and adjustable in such a way that the released coke is received, characterized in that the housing (20) stationary and before the. Coke side of the battery is arranged adjacent and the coke guide and quenching carriage areas - Covered along the battery, the pointed roof of the housing being higher than the battery is. J5. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the outward and inward roof panels (21, 22) extending below comprise a first roof panel (21) which extends at least - 19 409842/0255 extending above the pillar (lib) on the coke side of the coke oven battery (10) and comprising a second roof panel (22) extending over and beyond the quenching car area, while the inwardly and downwardly extending panel (2 3) extends to the quenching area of the lower longitudinal edge of the second panel (22) and the substantially vertical wall element (24) extends up to a position or plane which is slightly above the upper end of the Abs ehre ckviagens up to close to the marking _/ on which the quenching carriage is arranged, lies. 4. Apparatus according to claim J5, characterized in that g e k e η η, that the substantially vertical wall element (25) from the lower region of the first roof panel (21) down to the upper end or the anchor column (lib) of the coke oven battery (10) hangs down. 5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized by a thermal protection panel (27) * which extends inwards and upwards and projects beyond the coke guide area (I9), extends the length of the housing (20) and part of the upper expanded portion of the Housing forms, the upper part of the housing the first and second roof panels (21, 22) and the after inwardly and downwardly extending panel (23) and the heat shield, which has a zone for thermal expansion of the gases and for classification and precipitation of the particulate substances form. - 20 - 409842/0255 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the The suction channel (28) has a cross-section which increases when the suction device (29) is approached . 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Absaoigkanal (28) part of the ridge of the roof Expansion zone forms. 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Air intake stubs (28a) consist of sections that are cut through a cylinder diagonally are obtained, the resulting suction stubs on the suction channel (28) via openings made therein are attached so that the semicircular end of an intake manifold in the opposite direction shows the direction of gas flow in the channel when a negative pressure is applied. 409842/0255