DE2308705A1 - FIRE PROTECTION DOOR AND SAFETY INSTALLATION AGAINST FIRE - Google Patents

Description

vl / sta - 15/73 Munich-Pullach, the 2 ?. 2. 73:

Jean-Pierre Charles Lacorabe, I48, Chemin de Versailles, 92 Rueil-Malmaison, France

Fire protection door and security installation against fire

The invention relates to a fire door which is intended to facilitate the evacuation of people in the event of a disastrous To make it easier to escape from a building in the event of a fire outbreak. It also concerns a security installation against fire, in which the said fire protection door is used got.

When protecting against fire in buildings, whether they are used as apartments or used for commercial purposes, the new development direction requires a certain degree of protection of the Floors of the building that must be insulated from each other, and at least for a limited period of time after the outbreak of fire. This is particularly necessary, for example, in buildings with great heights.

It is therefore necessary between the floors of a building a refractory -? To arrange device to prevent that the fire or the destruction caused by the fire will expand from one floor to the other before countermeasures can be used against the outbreak of fire at the point of damage.

^ν π is obvious that an isolation of the floors from each other does not prevent the evacuation of people from the

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burned-out floor may complicate, and it arises hence the "embossing" or the thought after the use or application of funds at least during a certain Time the possibility of a ventilation of the burned-out floor and a ventilation of the escape routes for the people offer to be able to evacuate them and also to remove the smoke and smoke from the fire or the fireplace.

The escape route is thus prescribed from the burned-out floor to the communal stairs while ventilating means are used That can provide a flow of air towards the common stairwells, and, right through the burned out Direct the floor to the open air.

The fire doors that between the stairs and the floors of the building, in particular, must have some of the following characteristics:

door form:

you must have an emergency exit in the event of a fire must have an insulation element that can be used for a sufficient time after the outbreak of the fire or Fire remains refractory;

You have to form a closing element - which is not the

Free air circulation in the ventilation between the common areas or sections of the building and the floors made difficult;

Despite the task of insulation against fire, it must be possible to use countermeasures against the fire and to touch
use extinguishing against the fire.

Up to now, the tasks have generally been separated according to the characteristics given above. One has full or one-piece Fire doors and insulation provided and this

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assigned to the separate ventilation elements, but special lines or pipes with valve flaps were required , which must be specially controllable for the purpose mentioned and allow the fire door to be rotated in order to ensure air circulation. Such a device suffers from a number of disadvantages, including the fact that it is necessary to provide special lines and pipes with special valve flaps which cannot always be accommodated and which disguise the site and which also require stiffening or reinforcement the scaffolding of the building may make it necessary.

All these disadvantages are eliminated by the fire door according to the present invention.

The fire protection door is characterized by the fact that it consists of a door leaf which is elastic in:. Closing device preloaded - ^ - «· is - and a passage or has a gate which is closed by a movable flap that further locking means are provided which are usually the door leaf and the.

connect a separation of this flap as a unit and —r ^ - * iedoch. from each other

allow · in the event of a fire to

to open said passage or said gate, that further first elastic means are provided which drive the flap in the "-r-closing - ^ - ^ direction, that second elastic means are provided which have a greater force than the have first elastic means and the

drive

called flap in -. - * · Opening direction: that further fusible means are provided which melt at "- a given temperature and which put the said second elastic means out of operation in favor of the first elastic means or render them ineffective in order to close the said passage or the said gate .

With such a fire protection door there is the possibility of a temporary partial opening in the fire protection door

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achieve to go through this. Opening to allow ventilation while equal! e ^ lucht is made possible by people. whereby this opening is closed after a certain time in order to restore insulation against the fire, whose sphere of activity is the fire protection unit on both sides.

Further advantages and details of the invention emerge from the description of exemplary embodiments which now follows referring to the drawing. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view

development of a part of a building which is equipped with a security installation is equipped against the outbreak of fire and has a fire door according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a partially perspective view

view of a fire door according to a first embodiment the invention;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view in enlarged

ßertem scale of a first embodiment of the locking device, around the door leaf with the flap of the fire door, which is illustrated in Fig. 2, to connect or unify;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view according to the

Line 4 - 4 in Fig. 3 »

5 shows a sectional illustration analogously

that of Fig. 3 »but of a second embodiment of the

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Locking device;

Fig. 6 is a plan view or a sectional view

position of the second elastic means, which in the flap according to Fig. 2 are provided;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view according to the '

Line 7-7 of Figure 6;

Fig. 8 A, 8 B and 8 C on a reduced scale a

second embodiment according to the invention;

Fig. 9 on a larger scale a ver

vertical sectional view of the lower Section of a fire door according to a third embodiment of the invention.

In Fig. 1, a building B with several floors N .., N «etc. is shown schematically, but only the lower floor N _{1 is} shown, so that at least one floor contains the essential rooms for the subject of the invention. An elevator shaft A is provided in this building, as is a staircase E and a room C, while this floor also has a corridor CO, a staircase P and a lock chamber S, which enables a connection between the corridor and the staircase. In addition, the corridor CO leads to the living rooms or to the offices PH, which, however, are not further illustrated.

Each floor N-. , Np etc. of the building is against the other Floor insulated, and the partitions or screens are fireproof for a period of time, which time is in accordance with the guidelines can extend up to two hours and more. The only connections between the floors are on the one hand

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from the elevator shafts and on the other hand from the stairwells, the latter through each other on the floors the lock chamber S are separated.

Such a lock chamber has two fire doors according to the invention, although a single such door may be just as satisfactory in certain cases.

It should be emphasized that the description of the building as it is given above is only to be regarded as an example, and that the object of the invention is also applicable to general buildings as well, with the internal division somehow can be designed.

In the room C of the building B, an electricity-generating security group 1 is arranged on a square, which can be designed in a classic manner and can be coupled, for example, to an internal combustion engine (not shown). The electricity generating group feeds in particular a main fan 2, which is connected to the open air or to the outside environment of the building B by a pipe 3 which opens to the outside at a certain distance from the latter building (for example 8 m). The fan 2 displaces air into the stairwell E. The electricity generating group 2 also feeds an auxiliary fan 4 which is fluidly connected to the corridor CO of each floor N ₁ , Np, etc., and via a line 5 which leads into the open. A perforated dome tower 6 is arranged above the stairs and preferably has flaps that can be adjusted in terms of their angular position or inclination in order to determine or adjust the air throughput as a function of the outflow from building B.

One or more fire detectors are indicated schematically by block 7 and are located on each floor N ₁ , N ₂ and so on. These are all connected to a detector group 8, which is arranged in the room C, and are individually connected to a relay 9, which is in series

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is switched. The latter has a work cycle 10, which hangs in a command circuit and is fed by a battery 11. The command or control circuit includes a first circuit with a relay 12, which is connected in parallel and which is preferably one Contains time delay contact 13 on the locking device. The relay 12 controls the start of the electricity generating Group 1., and between a normally open contact 15.

The control circuit, which is fed by the battery 11, also comprises control coils 16 of two electromagnets, which are arranged in the fire door 17, which door delimits the lock chamber S on each floor. It should be emphasized that, for the sake of simplicity, only the circuit or control circuit for floor N _{1 is} shown in the diagram of FIG. 1, but while each floor obviously has a suitable control circuit which is determined by its suitable fire detector or group of fire detectors is actuatable. It should be mentioned that the implementation of such a control circuit is left to the discretion of the person skilled in the art and therefore does not need to be explained in further detail. The control circuit can also have a central signaling device, which is then located at a supervisory point in building B.

To come back to the Feuerschutz-Türeη 17, see above Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the lower portion of such a door.

It can be seen that this door has a door frame 18 which is made of any fire-resistant material, u. , or depending on the given times. The door frame 18 has a double door stop 19, which with two seals 20, preferably made of asbestos, is lined.

The door leaf 21 of this fire protection door has hinges 22 (only one of which is visible in the drawing)

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and is uniformly connected to the - locking device, and between there is a connection when moving in the direction of arrow f .., for example with the help of a resilient or elastic mechanism (not shown) well known in the art can be made. The door leaf has a web 23, which is covered with facings 24 on each side, but with a different arrangement is also possible.

At the bottom of the door leaf 21, a gate or a passage 25 is provided, which in the embodiment shown a flap 26, which is connected by two hinges 14 and 28, which contain an elastic device.

The hinge 27 is of a classic type and includes a "- * ■ -: —— torsion spring (in this figure

not visible), which presses the flap 26 in the "closing direction" -: - (arrow f ₂ ). The hinge 28, however, is designed in a special way for the subject matter of the invention and will be discussed later with reference to FIGS 7. It is

sufficient to determine that this hinge has the slap direction _x
pe 26 in. of the opening (arrow f ^) presses - - .., and that the

Force ."". the resilient or elastic device of this hinge is larger than the force, the resilient device or elastic device of the hinge 27.

Like the door leaf 21, the flap 26 contains a web 29 which is equipped with two protective panels 3 ^ on both sides is.

The door leaf 21 is normally connected to the flap 26 in the form of a complete, continuous door leaf, including with the aid of a locking mechanism ^3r , of which two embodiments will now be described with reference to FIGS.

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The first of the embodiments consists of SiWei housings 31 and 32, each arranged one above the other in the webs 2} and 29 of the door leaf 21 and the flap 26 in this special designated rooms 33 and 34 are located.

On the bottom of the housing 3I a projection 35 is formed which has a guide slot 36 and which, together with the opposite projection 37 of a removable cover 38, forms a central hem 39 in which the upper edge of a guide belt tube piece 4 ^ is held kept at its lower edge by an edge Plansch or C ^ ä position in which the edge is integrally formed with the bottom of the housing ZwischetiWand 31st This partition is equipped with a conical opening 41 which widens upwards and extends coaxially with the pipe section 4P.

The top wall of the housing 31 is also with an opening 42 equipped, which is aligned with the opening 41 and receives a guide shaft 43, which nadh extends down to coaxially.

A helical spring 44 is arranged around this shaft and extends between the upper wall of the housing 3I and an extendable Plate 45, which extends in the horizontal direction, is stretched. The latter plate is through the projection 36 and guided through a rectangular opening 46 in the cover 38. These Plate has at its rear end a hole 47 with a diameter which is dimensioned so that the spring 44 through this hole can get through when aligned with the latter.

In the pipe section 4 ^ a cylindrical plunger 48 is located and is supported on an armature 49, which consists of a cylindrical shaft 50, as well as a conical retaining disk 51 and a screw 52 that holds ^{the seal on the shaft 5 r.} The conically shaped

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- ir -

Disk 51 consists of a deformable material and is j in a complementarily shaped conical opening 41 of the {Housing 31 held and therefore holds the armature 49 in the in

J Fig. 3 position shown,

j
The lower end of the armature 49 extends into a coil of an electromagnet, which is the coil 16 in FIG. This coil is located in the lower housing 32 and is fed by means of a cable 52 which leads from the locking mechanism ^3r to the door frame 18 in order to establish a connection to the battery 11, as shown in FIG. The cable 52 is protected with the aid of a seal made of a fire-resistant material, for example asbestos wool, which is fastened to a horizontally extending stop 54 in the flap 26 "

The seal is supported against a double horizontally extending complementary stop 55, which is located on the inner edge of the door leaf 21 is provided.

The pull-out plate 45 extends through the lid and has a hole 56 at its outer end, which is intended to receive a ring 57 and a thread 58, which thread can be sealed and through a Hole is guided, which is provided in an outer projection 59 of the cover 38.

The arrangement, which consists of the two housings 31 and 32, is preferably made from a prefabricated material.

In the position shown, the anchor 49 connects the door leaf 21 and the flap 26, which can be opened as a unit, if you hit the door in the direction of arrow f.

The connection between the two elements of the door can be broken in two ways:

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.) The coil or winding 16 can be excited so that as a result, the armature 49 is lowered or is pulled down, and the conically shaped ring 51 is forced will slip through the opening 41;

2.) the thread is torn or the seal 58 'is lifted with the aid of the ring 57, in such a way that the pull-out plate 45 of the housing is pulled out until the hole 47 comes with it the spring 44 covers or is aligned. The latter is thereby free and it presses the pipe section 48 downwards, thereby forces the deformable disk 51 through the conically shaped hole 41.

It should be emphasized that the pull-out plate 45 has two shoulder portions 45 a at the rear, which block in the housing 31 thanks to the presence of the projection 37 .

In the modified embodiment according to FIG. 5, the lower housing is identical to that in the embodiment 3 and 4, while the upper case 6C is slightly different is trained. One recognizes a guide part 61 in which a cylindrical, horizontally extending bore 62 is formed in which a button 63 is received. The latter is located behind a window 64, which must be smashed for actuation.

The button 63 has on its lower portion an inclined surface 65, which with an inclined complementary surface 66 of a plunger 67 cooperates, which is guided in a hole 68, which hole is perpendicular runs to the bore 62 in the guide part 61 and is also coaxial with the armature 49 of the housing 32.

The hole 68 extends conically shaped down and receives a double conically shaped deformable disc ■ 69, the task of which is identical to the task of

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Disk 51 in FIG. 3.

It will be understood that the connection normally present between the door leaf 21 and the flap 26 is severed can be activated either by energizing the winding 16 or by actuating the button 63 after the window 64 has been broken.

The hinge 28 of the flap 26 (FIG. 1) will now be described below with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

This hinge consists of two elements 7 ^ and 71, the are attached to the door frame 18 and to the flap 26 by means of plates 72 and 73, respectively.

The plate 72 is integral with a hinge part 74 in FIG Formed a sleeve, while the plate 73 is connected to a hinge part 75, which on a narrower Section 76 is received in the upper portion of the hinge part, which has an enlarged inner diameter 77, the upper hinge portion resting on a shoulder 78.

A hinge axis 79 runs through the arrangement of the hinge and has at the upper end a thread 79 a, on which a nut 8 <^ is screwed, which also has a Thread 81 engages in hinge part 75.

The hinge part 74 has a lower, narrower end 82 on, in which radially extending holes 83 are introduced are, and this end is also covered with a cap 84, in which also radially extending holes are trained. The latter can be connected to the holes 83 by mutual rotation of the cap 84 or the hinge part be brought to congruence.

A Torisbns spring 86, one end of which in an axially

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extending bore 87 of the nut 80 is held, he

■ extends around the axis 79, and its opposite The end is held in an axially extending bore 88 of the cap 84. The force of the spring 86 can be adjusted as desired by rotating the cap 84 relative to the hinge part 74, and it is then possible to determine what to do with Help of fusible pins 89 takes place, which are each inserted into the pairs of holes 83, 85, which then, if the required Force or tension is reached, must be brought into congruence.

The locking nut 79 b can be screwed onto the thread of the lower end

! of the axis 79 are screwed to the force of the spring 86,

■ For example, while the fire door 17 is being transported, j to cancel.

I- -

The spring 86 can be removed by melting the pins 89 what will happen at a certain dangerous temperature that is caused by the fire or fire. In the end, if there is any warming up takes place at the specified temperature, cut the pins, so that the spring 86 disengages from the lower hinge portion 74 of the hinge.

The safety installation now works as follows: '

If a fire _{breaks out on floor N 1} , the detector 7 is triggered and controls the excitation of the electromagnet ^ 16 and also, after a certain time delay introduced by the contact 13, the electricity generating group 1. The detector 7 can also trigger an alarm signal, which can be an audible signal or a light signal or any other signal, in order to warn the people who are in the rooms PH of the floor N ₁ . These can then take the escape route of the corridor CO across the lock chamber 3 to the stairwell E (arrow f ^).

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-H-

The delay introduced by contact I3 leads finally to trigger the electromagnets 16 and to open the flaps 26 due to the action of the springs 76, which in the upper hinge 28 are provided after the fans 2 and 4 have been turned on. It arises on this Way no pressure difference between the opposing ones Sides of the lock chamber S, and the people have: no difficulty at all, the fire protection doors 1? to open. If, however, the flaps do not open, a pressure difference arises in the end (positive in the stairwell S opposite? the pressure in the corridor CO) on both sides of the lock chamber S, which makes it very difficult to open the doors 17.

The fans 2 and 4 are started and ee becomes the smoke and fumes from the common rooms on the 3rd floor N ^ withdrawn, and between the line or the pipe 5, with the interposition of the passage or gate 25 of the fire doors 17 (arrow fc)

The door leaves 21 can then be opened without difficulty in the direction of the arrow f ^.

In addition, countermeasures against the fire can be taken (hoses and fire extinguishers can pass through the passageways or Gates 25) in order to fight the fire effectively.

When the latter then spreads towards the lock chamber S, the melting pins 89 of the hinge or of the hinges 23 are melted by the resulting heating. The flaps 26 are therefore closed by the action of the spring mechanism provided in the hinges 27, and the floor N ₁ is again completely isolated from the other floors of the building.

It should be emphasized that it is possible to provide an air hole (not shown) at the bottom of the fire door 17,

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to allow air to circulate at the start of the fire facilitate. In such a case, under certain circumstances, the delay contact for the locking device can be removed permit. j

If the detector 7 cannot energize the electromagnet 16, j

for example due to any pollution of the electrical |

see circuits, the connection between the Tttr- j wing 21 and the flap 26 are also separated by hand,

as explained with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5. j

The modified embodiment according to FIGS. 8 A to 8 C j consists of a fire door 17 A with a gate

or a passage 25 A are provided through a case j

flap 26 A can be closed. The door leaf 21 A j

this door is fitted with hinges 22 A, of which |

at least one equipped with a spring locking device is.

The flap 26 A is slidably attached to the door leaf 21 A with the aid of guide means (not shown) and can be shifted in the vertical direction, which can be done with the help of a cable 9 ^ and a cable guide roller 91, wherein the cable 9 ^ is attached to a spring 92. Latter is stretched between the flap 26 A and a fixed point 93, which point is via fusible means (not shown) is attached, which melt when a certain temperature is exceeded, around the connection between the spring 92 and the fixed point 93. In this embodiment, the weight takes on the role of the spring mechanism, which is provided in the hinge 27 in FIG.

The armature of an electromagnet 16 A normally holds the flap 26 A in a lower position (Fig. 8 A) against the Action of spring 92.

In the event of fire, the electromagnet 16 A is on the same

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Way energized, as was described with reference to Figs. 1 to 7, and the flap 26A is unleashed and is therefore raised by the action of the spring 92 in order to allow air to circulate freely (FIG. 8B). In the end, when a critical temperature caused by the fire is reached, the fusible agents melt, which connect the spring 92 to the fixed point 93, so that so the flap 26 A falls back due to its weight (Fig. 8 C).

9, which relates to a further embodiment, shows a Flap 26 B in the form of a blind which is attached to a door leaf 21 B of a fire door 17 B, the lower section of which in vertical sectional view is illustrated, is attached. The flap 26 B is in a passage or a gate 25 B of the door leaf and consists of the lamellae 95, which can be pivoted about horizontally extending pins 96 are arranged or run transversely to the passage or to the gate 25 B. The slats 95 are all connected by a foot 97 a vertical lath or bar 98 lined up in a row, which is suspended from two springs 99 and 1CO, the spring 1CO having a greater force than the spring 99.

The spring 100 is attached to fusible means 101 which are attached to an angle 102 which is the lower edge of the passage or gate 25 B forms. The spring 99 is attached to a fixed point (not shown) of the door leaf 21B .

An electromagnet 16 B normally sets the bar 98 in the position shown, so that the feet 97 do not close; move backwards or forwards.

the electromagnet, j When a fire has broken out, so 16 is energized Bj, and the bar 98 is let loose so that the blades tip 95, and the passage or the door 25 B is opened, u. zw. due to the action of the spring 1C0. the

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230870S

Heating then causes the fusible means 101 to melt, and the spring 100 loses its lower anchor point in such a way that the spring 99 gains greater influence and lifts it so that the passage or gate 25B is closed.

In the case of the outer guide fora gefettfi Fig. 5 , a deformable double-conically shaped ring -69 is provided for the locks in order to enable the locking means to be restored after they have been separated. In order to produce this effect, it is sufficient to reverse the stroke air in the electromagnet 16, so that the armature 49 is thereby returned in the direction of its initial position.

Ss aei emphasized that the fire door after the ^;

The present invention is just as well arranged in a corridor

net, in which it is kept open all the time, '

for example with the help of an electromagnetic latch. j

the latter can release the door in the event of a fire, so that j

this can then take over its task as a fire door, i when it is closed, but also the passage or gate 25 can be opened at the same time.

All technical details that can be seen in the description and illustrated in the drawing are for the Invention of importance.

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Claims (10)

Ρ a % e η t an ep rüche 23Q8705 1 * fire protection door, characterized in that it consists of a door leaf (21, 21 A, 21 B), which is elastically pre-tensioned in the direction of closing and a passage or gate (25, 25 A, 25 B), which can be locked by means of its movable flap (26, 26 A, 26 B), so that the locking device (30, 16 A ₁ 16 B) simmered, which opened the door leaf and the flap normally connect to one unit and, in the case of a FeuerauabrucilS SlIW unit, to be able to open the gate or the passage, that first elastic or resilient means (27, 99) are provided that the flap in the closing * - * - bias direction —.— ■ - ^ that second elastic or resilient means (28, 92, 100) are provided, the force of which is greater than that of the first elastic or resilient means (27, 99), and the said flap in the open position vorspan ^ aass further fusible means (89, 93, 101) are provided which melt when a given temperature is exceeded n and thereby disabling the second elastic or resilient means (28, 92, 100) in favor of the first elastic or resilient means (27, 99) in order to close said passage or gate (25, 25 A, 25 B) conclude. 2. Fire door according to claim 1, characterized in that the flap (26) is connected to the door frame (18) of the door leaf (21) via hinges (27, 28) with a vertically extending axis. 3. Fire door according to claim 2, characterized in that the first and the second elastic or resilient Means are contained in the said hinges and consist of torsion springs of different spring force. 4. Fire door according to claim 3, characterized in that 309835/0989 that the hinge (28), which the spring (86) with the contains greater power, from two hinge parts (74, 75)! consists of plates or lamellas (70, 71) are attached to the door frame (18) and the flap (26), and that further the spring (76) on one of the hinge parts ^ Ie, (74) is attached via a rotatable part (84) which has radially extending bores (85), which with corresponding bores (83) in the associated hinge part (74) can be brought into congruence, and that these parts mentioned, by at least one fusible Pin (89) are connected to form a unit which is inserted into a pair of said bores (83, 85) is inserted, said pins (89) being the fusible means. 5. Fire door according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking means (30) have a blocking part (49) which normally through mutually aligned openings (41; 68) can penetrate, which are each provided in the door leaf (21) and in the flap (26) that the so called blocking part is retractable in the event of fire, u. betwe. Either by the action of an electromagnet (16) or with the aid of a pushing device (45, 48; 63, 67) which can be operated by hand. 6. Fire door according to claim 5, characterized in that the manually operable device (45, 48; 63, 67) destructible means (58; 64) is assigned, for example from a window or a sealed thread exist. 7. Fire door according to one or more of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that the can be brought to cover Holes ^ of the openings (41; 68) each in the walls of two adjacent housings (31, 32; 3I, 60) arranged one above the other are provided, of which the 309835/09 * 9 one is mounted in the door leaf (21) and the other in the flap (26), and that further that in the lower one Wall of the upper housing (31; 60) provided hole (41; 68) is conical in shape and narrows down, that further said blocking part (49) a deformable Seal (51; 69) carries whose conical surface is adapted to the cone of said hole (41; 68) that further Electromagnet (16) arranged in the lower housing (32) is, and that the pushing device (45, 48; 63, 67) in the upper housing (31; 60) is arranged to move the blocking part (49) downward in the event of a fire, so that thereby the deformable seal (51; 69) is forced through the conical hole (41; 68). 8. Fire door according to claim 1, characterized in that that the flap (26 A) consists of a drop flap, and that a device with a cable and a cable guide roller (90, 91) is provided, which the second ela-! represent elastic or resilient means (92) and raise the flap (26, A) that the first elastic or; resilient means are formed by gravity. ; 9. Fire door according to claim 1, characterized in that i that the flap (26 B) is constructed according to a blind, the opening of which can be brought about by the second elastic or resilient means (100), and their closing with the aid the first elastic or resilient means (99) can be realized. 10. Safety installation against fire for a building which has several floors that are mutually or are isolated from each other with regard to the spread of the fire, such a floor having a lock chamber has, through which a connection of the living rooms of this floor with at least one staircase or shaft can be produced, with means for ventilation, to air in the stairwell or the shaft 309835/0989 to be introduced and to blow across the living rooms to an extraction hole to remove the smoke and fumes, characterized in that the lock chamber (S) has at least one fire door (17; 17 A; 17 B) according to one of Claims 1 to 9 that in each floor (N ₁ , Ng, etc.) a fire or fire detector (7) is arranged, which is electrically coupled to the fire door to the said locking means (3 ° »16 A;! 16 B) of the fire door this Floor (N ₁ , N ₂ , etc.); to be unlocked when fire spreads, and which is also coupled to electric generator devices (1), if necessary via a time-controlling device (1 3)> to be able to set the ventilation means (2, 4) in motion. 309835/0989