DE2256524A1 - PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR CRUSHING GOOD IN SMALL PIECES - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney patent attorneys

Dr. phil. Gerhard Henkel Dr. rer. nat. Wolf-Dieter Henkel

D-757 Baden-Baden Balg Dipl.-Ing. Ralf M. Kern

Dr. rer. nat. Lothar Feiler

Telegr.addr .: Ellipsoid Boden-Baden D-8 Munich 90

Eduard-Sdimld-Str. 2 ρ -j Tel .: (0811) 663197

Yelegr.-Adr.i Ellipsoid MOndien

_na - _Λ _,. . 529Si! 2JWi

Cumberland Engineering
Company, Inc.

South Attleboro, Mass., V.St.A.

Uneer characters:

Method and device for comminuting material into small pieces

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for chopping good into small pieces.

In the plastic molding or casting industry, especially in the If thermoplastics are used, the waste material generated during the molding process is fed back into the process, by first cutting it into small pieces and then feeding it to extruders for use in further molding operations will. For the preparation of waste material ■ for this It is sent back through machines known as granulators, which make this commodity into particles smaller Crush particle size. These machines are generally with two fixed bed or undercutters provided that 'around the cutting circle of a circumferential, in general a plurality of blades having cutting knives are arranged around. The material to be shredded goes into the machine inserted and cut in this at the first lower knife. A sieve is placed between the first and second lower knife.

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see which one lets through the good that is cut to a small particle size according to the customer's requirements has been. The material that has not yet been crushed so much that it passes through the sieve is passed through the rotor is transferred to the second lower knife, where it is further shredded by the rotor knives. After crushing on the second lower knife, the shredded material is then over the Top of the rotor moved to the first lower knife, where it is shredded again. Thereupon the good enters through that between the two lower knives through the sieve.

This effect lasts until the whole material has been crushed so finely that it can pass through the sieve able.

These known machines have the following disadvantages:

One of the main difficulties is that some of the material that is supposed to pass through the sieve is small enough would be fed around the rotor, through the second undercutter again, and then again through the first undercutter is crushed before it has the opportunity to pass through the interposed sieve again. As a result, some of the material repeatedly crushed in this way is in the form of fine powder, what is disadvantageous because this can cause difficulties in the forming process. In addition, the fine dust can be industrial Cause pollution that should be avoided.

Another difficulty is that machines that do the job of molding large, bulky objects Process waste that must have comparatively large inlet openings in order to handle these bulky pieces of scrap

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to

to the cutting knives of the granulator / convey. Laying down such large enemas are generally at most three and preferably two knives used; as a result, however, the output of the machine is in kg per Hour or minute not as high as desirable were.

The object of the invention is therefore primarily to create a method and a comminuting device for plastic and other materials, which both of the difficulties mentioned above are effective and economical // able to remove it.

In particular, the invention aims to provide a Shredding device for plastic waste, the one wide inlet for feeding in larger, bulky pieces of waste in the cutting mechanism and whose output is on the order of $ 50 higher than that of known devices of similar size on the market. According to the invention Facilities for minimizing the proportion of particulate matter provided / aas "is finer than desired by the processor will. In addition, the device according to the invention should be easy to manufacture, for the most part standardized components and be reliable and effective in their intended mode of operation. This invention Device should also run cooler and safer than that known devices of this type.

The aforementioned object is achieved by a device which is characterized by an inlet, one at its Crushing device arranged at the end for shredding the supplied material, this device having a rotor with two fly knives and two lower cutters, which are arranged so that they in rotating rotor

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Get cutting engagement with his chopping knives, and the are arranged at a distance from one another around the rotor, a

first / last
Seen / sieve with openings of predetermined size, which allow the material with a smaller particle size than the opening diameter to pass and prevent larger material particles from passing through, and a second sieve with openings of a predetermined size, which is arranged between the lower blades, and which allow material particles smaller than the opening diameter to pass and prevent larger good particles from passing through.

Although the invention is described below in connection with the comminution of plastic, it can also can be used for shredding other materials.

The following is a preferred embodiment of the invention Device explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing. Show it:

Pig. 1 is a schematic perspective illustration of a device with features according to the invention and

Fig. 2 is an enlarged scale and in section Partial view of the device for the schematic illustration of its essential components.

The figures are more essential to the invention for better illustration Parts omitted the conventional parts of the device. In the figures are corresponding to one another Parts are also designated by the same reference numerals, while known details and components are only explained to the extent necessary for an understanding of the invention.

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The one in Pig. 1 illustrated shredding device according to the invention, often referred to as a granulator, generally has a base 2 with an opening 4 for receiving a Container 5 to collect the 'crushed particles. The cutting or comminuting part 6 of the device is mounted on the base and is carried out in the usual way a motor 8 is driven. On top of the granulator a vertical feed chute 10 is mounted, through which the material is fed under the influence of gravity.

In S ¹ Ig. 2 shows the features of the device that are essential to the invention. As shown, the shaft 10 leads to the granulator mechanism itself. The latter has a rotor 12 mounted in conventional bearings and drivable by the motor 8, the bearings, the pulley and the motor in I ¹ Ig. 2 are not shown in more detail. On the rotor 12 fly blades 14 and 16 are provided, which are fastened to the rotor in the usual way, for example with the aid of screw bolts 18. Since the construction of the rotary knife system is known, its detailed description can be dispensed with. It can be seen that the cutting edges of the fly knife move in the usual way on a circle indicated by the dash-dotted line 20. - -

A support member 24 is attached to the granulator frame 22 while a further support member 26 is attached to the side of the feed chute or, preferably, to the device frame. In addition, there is a third support member 28 on the granulator frame appropriate. The support members or brackets 24 and 28 must be stiff and strong as they are in a manner to be described carry the lower knives.

On the support member 28 is with the help of the usual.Schraubbolzen 30 a first adjustable undercutter 32 rigidly but adjustably attached. A second undercutter 36 is rigid, but

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adjustable by means of screw bolts 34 on the support member 24. The screw bolts 30 pull the lower knife 32 a clamping piece 38 against the lower cutter, so that the latter is securely braced against the support member 28. Likewise pull the screw bolts 34 a clamping piece 40 of the lower cutter 36 firmly against the latter, so that this securely on the support member 24 is tense. The undercutter 32 is generally below the axis of the rotor 12, while the undercutter 36 is at an angle of 135-180 ° around the cutting circle 20 from the bottom knife.

A first sieve 42 with openings 44 of a predetermined one Size is attached to support members 26 and 28 by means of its outwardly curled edges and bolts 46. As can be seen, the sieve 42 extends over the entire length of the rotor 12, the fly blades 14, 16 and the Lower knife 32 and 36.

It can also be seen that the sieve is located on one side of the lower blade 32 next to it and also in the is arranged essentially on the lower part of the shaft 10.

The clamping piece 38 is provided with a slot 48 extending over its entire length, on its inner front edge a rod-shaped abutment 50 is welded or otherwise attached, which the slot opening partially locks. If desired, however, the clamping piece could 38 be milled out of solid material, so that the narrowed slot inlet is formed in one piece with it.

At corresponding points, the clamping piece 38 is provided with bores 52 which are aligned with the screw bolts and enable access to these.

A second screen 56 with openings 58 of a predetermined size is on the following // iron between the support members 24 and 28 mounted:

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The screen 56 has edges 60 and 62 drawn around outward. The rim 60 is inserted into the slot 48, and when the sieve is then moved upwards according to FIG. 2, in order to bring the drawn edge 62 up to the clamping piece 40, the edge 60 is pivoted in such a way that it firmly engages the abutment or rod 50 which narrows the slot inlet. The edge 62 is fastened to the end face of the clamping piece 40 with the aid of the screw bolts 64.

Preferably have the openings 44 of the screen 42 and the Openings 58 of the screen 56 are each the same size.

Before putting the device into operation, it goes without saying the undercutters 32 and 36 in cutting relation to the cutting edges the fly knives 14 and 16 are set. Since this is a common process, you need to take care of it not to be discussed in more detail.

The material to be shredded becomes the shredding mechanism in the direction indicated by the arrows 70 under the influence of gravity fed. Since the sieve 42, i.e. the first sieve, is located next to the actual granulator inlet, all particles which are already of a size sufficiently small to pass through the openings 44 can pass through pass through the sieve and, without further crushing, in Fall in the direction of the arrows 72 through the usual opening 73 provided under the granulator into the container 5.

The material that does not pass through the openings 44 then enters the first shredding device, which exits the combination of the lower blade 32nd and the fly blades 14 and 16 consists. The good is then crushed through this first Approximation device crushed, with a part of the material is already small enough to the openings 58 of the sieve 56 to pass and in sight of the arrows 74 from the device

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exit device to then fall into the container 5. The material which does not pass through the openings 58 becomes as a result of the rotation of the rotor 12 and the fly knives 14 and 16 promoted to the narrowing at the inlet to the second comminuting device, which from the fly knives 14, 16 and the lower knife 36 is made. The oversized material is then shredded by this second shredding device and then conveyed by the rotary movement of the rotor to the inlet to the first shredding device 14, 16, 32, the material thus comminuted, which already has a sufficiently small particle size, through the openings 44 of the sieve 42 passes and falls into the container 5. The good portion that is still too large to pass through the sieve 42, is then comminuted again by the first comminution device, the sufficiently comminuted fractions pass through the openings 58 as in the first case. This process is repeated until all of the material has been comminuted enough to pass through the sieve openings to step through.

It can be seen that this is through the second shredding device 14, 16, 32 comminuted material behind the point at which it passed through the sieve openings could get before it is shredded again by the shredding device 14, 16, 32. With the conventional The granulator is what is already small enough to pass through the screen 56, normally against the cutting edges the knife 14, 16 and 32 is displaced and further comminuted there so that it has an unnecessarily small particle size. In addition, in the conventional granulator, due to the need going through the shredding knife again, the output of the device is reduced and more Power required to drive the device.

In the device according to the invention, however, a large Part of this material conveyed through the sieve 56 through the

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reduction device 14, 16, 36 already on the right one Particle size comminuted so that it passes the sieve 42 and is withdrawn from further comminution.

Due to this construction, the discharge performance becomes one Default size device unexpectedly increased by about $ 50. As evidence of this increase in performance are the listed below test numbers. When trying I strip cartridge housings made of general purpose polystyrene were (a) in a conventional device with a single screen and (b) in the Crushed twin-screen device according to the invention. The sieve openings of the sieves used in both G-ranulators had about 8.0 mm. Each device was two minutes long and then operated for 30 seconds for cleaning. The following results were achieved:

Attempt I.

Device output capacity

a single conventional sieve 5.90 kg good arrangement according to the invention 8.62 kg good

The device according to the invention also ensured a clean cut, i.e. a small amount of comminution to "JPeinpartchen".

In experiment II, modified polystyrene profile strips were used crushed in the same devices as in experiment I, the only difference being that in this case every device an equal amount of weight of material fed and the device was operated until the entire It had been discharged well through the sieves into the container. The time to this point was measured, wherein the following results were found:

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Experiment II

Device time for complete product flow

a single conventional one

Sieve 75 min

arrangement according to the invention 45 min

Here, too, the device according to the invention provided more cleanly comminuted material.

It can thus be seen from the tests that the device according to the invention, compared to a conventional device with a single sieve , ensured an increase in the output capacity of about 50% each time.

Palis desired by the user, could have more flick knives than the two knives shown are provided. In general, however, there should be no more than five such flick knives be used; the exact number will depend on the amount of waste being fed into the device. Pure, very large, bulky Pieces are preferred with two flick knives, while a larger number of knives are used for smaller pieces can.

The size of the holes in the screens depends on the user's requirements for the end product. In general, the Hole sizes in the range of approximately 6.35 - 9.5 mm. However, the size of the hole is not essential to the invention.

The device according to the invention is not operated differently than the conventional device, and the rotor speed is the same as the latter, i.e., the device with a single sieve.

In the constructions described above, the rotor 12 and its flyer blades were approximately 305 mm long while the diameter of the cutting circle 20 was about 279 mm.

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The bottom knives 32 and 36 ", of course, had the same length as the fly knives 14 and 16, i.e. about 305 mm. During the experiments mentioned, the device was operated at a speed of 600 rpm.

From the above description it is thus evident that the object mentioned at the beginning is advantageous through the invention is resolved.

It goes without saying that the invention should not be limited to the details of construction shown and described Part arrangements be limited, since it can obviously be realized in other embodiments without that they deviate from their framework '. Likewise, the terminology used above is only intended to be explanatory and in no way the invention have a restrictive character.

In summary, the invention therefore provides a granulator for plastic and other materials, such as cans made of thin steel or aluminum sheet, in which instead a single sieve to enable the material, which has been comminuted to the intended size, to exit the device a second sieve is also provided, which is on the inlet side of the comminuting device of the granulator and on the bottom of the vertical shaft for loading the granulator with good is arranged.

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Claims (11)

Claims Device for comminuting material into small pieces, characterized by an inlet, a shredding device arranged at its end (H, 16, 32) for comminuting the supplied material, this device having a rotor (12) with two iSchlagnesern (14, 16) and two lower blades (32, 36) which are arranged so that they are rotating when the Rotor get into cutting engagement with its fly knives, and those around the rotor at a distance from each other are arranged, a first sieve (42) provided on the inlet side of the shredding device with openings (4-4) of predetermined size, which the material of smaller particle size than the opening diameter let pass and prevent larger good particles from passing through, and one between the lower blades (32, 36) arranged second sieve (56) with openings (58) of a predetermined size, which good particles of smaller size than the opening diameter and prevent larger good particles from passing through. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the openings (44, 58) of both screens (42, 56) are each the same size. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the inlet is arranged so that the material to be shredded under the influence of gravity from a higher point conveyed at a lower point to the comminution device (14, 16, 32) located at the lower point is, and that the first sieve (42) also at the lower point, but on one side of the first undercutter (32) is arranged so that the material moving downward in the inlet is of such a particle size that it 309822/083? - 13 - 22565.2A first sieve (42) is able to pass through this sieve without passing through the comminution device To be comminuted, while larger material particles are conveyed to the comminution device and comminuted by this will. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet has a feed shaft (10) with an upper part and a lower part, on the lower part of which the Shredding device (14, 16, 32) is arranged, that the first sieve (42) also 'on the lower part next to the first lower knife (32) and on its inlet side is arranged that the first undercutter (32) is under the axis of the rotor (12) and that the second lower cutter (36) around the cutting circle (20) of the rotor fly cutter (14, 16) over an angle of 135-180 from the first lower cutter (32) is. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that under the shredding device (14, 16, 32) and the two sieves (42, 56) are provided with an opening (73) for receiving the comminuted material passing through the sieves is. 6.Device for breaking up material into small pieces, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an inlet, one at its end provided shredding device (14, 16, 32) for Crushing the supplied material, this device a rotor (12) with fly knives (14, 16) arranged on it and several undercutters (32, 36) which arranged so that they come into cutting engagement with each fly cutter as the rotor rotates, and are spaced apart around the rotor, and one -H-309822/0837 -H- the number of sieves (42, ^ S) corresponding to the number of undercutters, which are arranged around the rotor and between the undercutters, the one sieve (42) being arranged close to one side of a first undercutter (32) which is in the In cooperation with the fly knives (14, 16) the material fed in at the inlet is first comminuted, and both sieves are provided with openings (44, 58) for allowing sufficiently small material particles to pass through without further comminuting them by the comminuting device. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the inlet is arranged so that the to be comminuted Well under the influence of gravity from a higher point to a lower point to that located at the lower point Crushing device (14, 16, 32) is promoted, and that the first sieve (42) is also at the lower Point, but is arranged on one side of the first undercutter (32), so that it can be found in the inlet Material moving at the bottom of such a particle size that it is able to pass the first sieve (42) through this sieve passes through without being crushed by the crushing device, while larger good particles for Comminution device promoted and comminuted by this in cooperation with the fly knives (14, 16) will. 8. A method for comminuting material into small pieces, characterized in that the material is initially continuous conveyed to several shredders, and before entering the first shredder is sifted through a first sieve in order to remove sufficiently small good particles for further comminution to withdraw that then the remaining material is transferred to the first shredding device that the shredded Good between two successive disruptions 309822/0837 - 15 - Shredding devices is sieved to be sufficient by the first shredding device Cut off the shredded material, after which the remaining material is transferred to the next shredding device and that then through the last shredding device Shredded material is returned to the first sieve to pass through the last shredder cut off sufficient shredded material, while the rest of the material goes back to the first Comminution equipment is promoted. 9. A method for crushing material into small pieces, characterized in that a conveyor for Uncrushed material is provided that in the conveyor the conveying device has several bottom knives as well as several movable knives interacting with them arranged for successive shredding of the material be that several sieves are provided for sieving out the comminuted material, one of which is first sieve in the conveyor track of the conveyor is located in front of the first lower knife and the other sieves are each arranged between two lower blades that the sieve not passing material by engagement between the successive lower blades and movable ones Knives is progressively shredded. And that by the last set of lower knife and movable Knife, shredded material is returned to the first sieve for sieving, whereupon this is not done by the Material passing through the first sieve is conveyed to the first lower knife for further comminution. 10. A method for comminuting material into small pieces of a predetermined particle size using a single crushing device, characterized in that the material is provided in the device fed to the first sieve and to this one 3098 227 0 837 - 16 - First good is classified, which is larger than the accumulated good and said small pieces, that the first good in the device is conveyed to a first shredding device and converted by this to a first shredded good, that the latter in the device by the first shredding device is transferred to a second sieve, on which the first comminuted material is classified into a second material, the pieces of which are larger than the small particle size, and into the small particles, that then the second material in the device is transferred to a second comminuting device and on this is comminuted to form a second comminuted material that then the second comminuted material is conveyed in the device to the first sieve and is separated into a third material fraction of larger particle size than the small particles and into the small particles, that then the third material fraction in the device for the first time rkleinerungseinrichtung transferred and comminuted on this, that the third material portion in the device is transferred to the second sieve and separated on this into larger material and small particles and that the aforementioned process steps are repeated one after the other until the entire material continuously into pieces of at most predetermined particle size has been crushed and passed through the first and second sieves. 11. Method of crushing good into small pieces of at most a predetermined particle size using a single comminuting device, thereby characterized in that the material is first pre-screened in the device to remove those already present in it Separate small pieces and leave a remainder that the rest of the material in the device to several Crushers is transferred to through 309822/0837 - 17 - this to be further crushed that the crushed Good in the device immediately after exiting a specified shredding device sifted, in order to remove all pieces below the predetermined particle size before the remaining material of larger particle size is conveyed to the next following comminution device, and that the aforementioned process steps are repeated until the entire material is crushed into small pieces has been. 309822/0837