DE2134750A1 - COMPOSITE BODY MADE OF GLASS MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION - Google Patents

Description

July 6, 1971

Applicant? Dr. Helmut Mertens, 219 Cuxhaven my files: 674/71

Composite bodies made of glass material and processes for their manufacture

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The invention relates to composite bodies composed of at least two panes made of inorganic and / or organic glass with polymerized plastic intermediate layers between them and a process for the production of such composite bodies, in which the individual panes of glass are superimposed at a certain distance layered, the layer structure thus formed is sealed liquid-tight on the side surfaces with an edge seal and then the monomer substance to be polymerized is poured into the cavities and polymerized.

Composite bodies with interlayers strengthened by polymerization have been known for a long time and have the advantage that they can be produced with particularly high clarity, lightfastness and durability, but composite safety glasses of this type have the disadvantage that the interlayers polymerized in them have a relatively low mechanical impact resistance in particular in extreme cold and with high heat, for example at -20 ° C and at +40 ⁰ C, and that the production requires an extraordinary amount of manual work and is associated with many sources of error. In this case, so that the monomer liquid to be polymerized can be filled in, hollow chambers of a few millimeters in size are formed from the glass plates or panes to be connected with the aid of more or less numerous spacer pieces. The tiny, difficult to handle spacer pieces are placed on the edges of the glass plate below at intervals of approx. 100 mm; then the next plate is placed on top, and then this layer structure is bordered with special paper that is impermeable to the monomer liquid and then wrapped.

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sticks. This paper border is then dried for a few hours. Often, especially in the case of the very shaky hollow chambers made of curved glass panes, there are leaks, which are difficult to seal and cause losses and other disadvantages. Also complete bleeding in particular the cavities before the monomer liquid is poured in make trouble! the risk of blistering in the polymerized layer cannot be ruled out with certainty. At the end of the polymerization process, there is the great disadvantage that the paper border is sticky soaked in warm water and then laboriously peeled off, which is also difficult This known method, Polymerizing the intermediate layers in the composite * causes relatively low investment costs, but it does the above-mentioned manual work and due to the numerous sources of error, its application is at most still in countries possible with low wages.

If instead of the spacer pieces one is around the circumference of the layer structure extending edge seal is arranged, which at the same time for spacing the individual panes in serves the layer structure, then leaks are practically excluded, the problems of ventilation and bubble formation however, they are also disturbing.

It is also known to use finished films. Temperatures of about 14O ° C and pressures of 5 to about 15 atu to incorporate between two glass plates «, This process has high investment costs, among other things, the other Disadvantage that e.g. curved windshields, their individual panels have certain bending tolerances, which are often difficult to avoid, tend to detachment phenomena, especially at these points, when the high pressure is removed after completion and vibrations favor the detachment in the course of the tent. But detachment phenomena also mean the decrease in the ability to bind splinters in these places, apart from the unsightly appearance

The invention is based on the previous disadvantages to avoid·

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This object is achieved by a composite body made of inorganic and / or organic glass material of the type described above, which is characterized according to the invention, that between two individual panes of glass, which are provided with profile strips made of polymer material at least on their long sides and so spaced, a polymerized plastic intermediate layer and held by the profile strips within the plastic intermediate layer polymerized into a film or some other solid body are present. The inventive method for producing these composite bodies, in which the individual panes of glass are layered on top of each other at a certain distance, the layer structure thus formed on the Side surfaces sealed liquid-tight with a hand seal, then the monomer substance to be polymerized into the hollow spaces is filled and polymerized, is characterized in that the spacing of the glass panes and the sealing of the side surfaces of the layer structure is carried out in such a way that that one side of the layer structure remains open, while on the other seldom a profile strip on the edge of each pane made of polymer material, preferably made of the same or similar monomer, which is intended for installation in the hollow spaces is used, and the one with brackets for to be built into the cavities during the polymerization of the monomer substance Foils or other solid bodies are provided, arranged, then the monomer substance to be polymerized into the hollow spaces and this is vented after filling. In the method according to the invention it is possible in a simple manner the profile strip at the same time to hold foils to be installed in the cavities during polymerization or other solid bodies to be used Process in which the inclusion of the to be polymerized Monomer liquid serving chambers are formed as open chambers on one side, needs the monomer substance not, as with the known methods, vented before filling rather, according to the invention, the venting is carried out after the chambers have been filled. This is particular in the production of curved and spherical connections

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partly because, according to the invention, only the longitudinal sides of the layer structure need a seal, while the slots remain open on the short, upstanding sides, on which the air is only vented after filling · Remains connected when flat one side open. One fills and deflates after making the composite has brought in an inclined position with the open slot side up.

The profile strips used to carry out the method according to the invention can be in the form of flat strips or others Profiles such as are commercially available or produced in a simple manner by methods known to the person skilled in the art can be used. It is advantageous to work with profile strips that have the shape of a double U, with the middle bar determines the distance between the two panes of glass, and the outer legs over the outer edges of the panes of glass overlap. Such a profile can be applied in a non-sticky state; it is then only after filling the to polymerizing monomer liquid becomes sticky and seals the composite. The profile strips can also have a greater thickness and consist of a solid, also colored core, which is covered with normal thick profile strips. The test strips can have a different color than the polymerized intermediate layer and / or the glass panes. They can be made of a material which of the same or similar composition as that between The intermediate layer to be polymerized is built up on the glass panes so that they become invisible in the course of the polymerization or connect almost invisibly to this intermediate layer and adapt to the shrinkage that occurs during polymerization. It is useful to moisten these profile strips with the liquid before they are placed on the glass panes To make monomer and / or solvent and / or plasticizer superficially tacky. They then seal immediately after being relocated the layer structure.

One profile strip width is sufficient for intermediate layers up to 1 or 2 mm thick of approx. 10 mm.

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After stacking the panes of glass into the composite assembly With the help of the profile strips, it is advisable to load them with weights or clamps that are at least correspond to the weight of the monomer liquid to be filled in load profiles conforming to the shape of the composite body are made. These can be provided with stops be to facilitate the application on the edges of the composite body provided with profile strips. Stress profiles can can also be placed smoothly at this point in the deepest zone of the composite body to produce the pressure equalization, and It is advisable to use load profiles that consist of a rigid, non-sagging material and load it with approximately the same weight as that of the monomer liquid introduced into the composite body. It has proven to be advantageous to use load profiles made entirely or in part of lead pressure equalization is created against the internal pressure of the liquid, and also the adaptation of the thickness of the profile strips to the shrinkage of the monomer liquid as the polymerization proceeds relieved. When using colorless profile strips In addition, the invisibility is promoted, so that these profile strips after completion of the composite body in this can remain. The use of clamping clarifiers has the advantage that a quick assembly is possible and a more solid one The seat is secured in a simple manner.

Under certain circumstances, colored profile strips can also be used; such profile strips, especially commercially available Profiles made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can, since they are not very expensive to procure, be particularly advantageous when if they are to be attached to the outside of the composite body, e.g. if they are built into a frame in whole or in part should. For example, angle or U-profiles are made of soft PVC then expedient when individual or a few composite bodies with particularly thick intermediate layers are to be produced.

It is advantageous to polymerize such films into the cavities, the particularly high tear resistance and good mechanical impact resistance at temperatures from -25 to + 50 ° c

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have · The foils can be colorless or colored «and they will advantageously polymerized in at a thickness of 0.01 to 1.0 mm. For the real support of the pollen after A template in one-piece or multi-part design can expediently be inserted between the profile strips and before the polymerisation is carried out be arranged, which is removed before filling the liquid monomer. It is advantageous to use an off for this purpose smooth, lint-free material such as plastic, existing stencil. As a monomer to be polymerized Substance can dance according to the invention Processes with advantage, for example, acrylate, methacrylate or vinyl compounds are used, which are colorless or colored.

The method according to the invention has the advantage of low investment costs and low labor costs produce flawless composite bodies with significantly reduced blistering danger and perfect permanent adhesion even with curved surfaces to allow »In addition, it offers the possibility of adapting the composite body to certain requirements, e.g. a very high mechanical Impact resistance and / or compressive strength to adapt in a wide temperature range, also the construction of numerous combinations is made easier, e.g. the step-like structure for aligning the outer surfaces of a Raura vehicle window with the Strak of the plane; combinations of silicate glass can be used with plastic glass together with colorless or too special Produce colored interlayers for purposes; it can be in the intermediate layers of wire mesh for decoration or for Reinforcement or for electrical heating purposes, e.g. against icing and fogging. The installation of threaded bushings in intermediate layers to be polymerized accordingly for the Interchangeability of attachable panes and devices does not present any difficulty. The fact that between the individual Areas of the composite body polymerizing monomer liquid Is able to fill in unevenness and bending tolerances and thus brings about good adhesion at all points of the surfaces, offers the guarantee that detachment phenomena are prevented. All of these advantages are achieved without the known disadvantages the many manual work and sources of error, without diminishing adhesion and without a lack of mechanical impact resistance under extreme temperature conditions

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_ ₇ _ 213A750

The composite bodies according to the invention can be used for example for glazing earth, rough and water vehicles, of buildings "facades, showcases, apparatus, Kaasensohalt" m, and the like more

The invention is reproduced with reference to the accompanying drawing Illustrations are explained in more detail below, for example. Show it

Fig * 1 the scheme of a curved windshield made of two panes of glass connected by an interlayer with a view of the long edge and that during assembly appropriate support,

2 shows the view of the short end of the windshield composite of Fig. 1 with the filling slot of this one leg,

3 is a schematic of a spherically curved composite windshield body with a clamped intermediate film and the resulting two filling chambers for the Filling the polymerization liquid,

4 shows the diagram of a windshield with attached Suction nozzles for connection to negative pressure for the purpose of venting the filled monomer liquid,

Flg. 5 the diagram of a heat channel in cross section, which is used for Consolidation of the intermediate layers can be used,

6 shows the example of a temperature profile on a curve, in which the consolidation of the intermediate layer is carried out so far that the windshield after after leaving the canal can be stored anywhere until the natural termination of the polymerization occurs, be it at normal room temperature or at elevated temperature,

7 shows the example of a temperature profile on a curve, in which the solidification of the intermediate layer is carried out until the polymerization has stopped,

FIG. 8 shows a section through part of a stepped structure curved armored composite body with inner sealing profile strips in the Sfchtfeld and outer seals, which are completely or partially removed after completion of the production or in a e.g. Window frames can be installed with, and

9 is a perspective view of a part of a lower insert template of a spherically arched one that is being built up Windshield.

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example 1

The windshield shown in section in Fig. 1 and 2 has only one zyarian bend and the dimension 15oo χ 6oo mm in the settlement. The two outer glass panes la are each about 3 mm thick. The intermediate layer 2 should be made of methyl methacrylate be polymerized with a thickness of about 1 mm between the panes la.

After cleaning, the outer pane is placed with the convex side down onto the legs 6 of a U-shaped one that are still above Support launched. Then two flat profile

^ strip 3, 10 mm wide and 1 mm thick, pulled through a small amount of methyl methacrylate and placed in the sticky state on the two long edges of the lower disc la. The upper pane la is placed on top and the shell of the composite is finished. The intermediate layer 2 for the 0.9 ° o QM large windscreen at a thickness of 1 mm at the end of the polymerization, a weight of approx _e foo g at a epez, therefore weight of o, 998 "They complained before the charging of the monomer -Liquid the composite structure at its deepest point over the entire width of 600 mm with a non-sagging ruler, the lower contact surface of which corresponds to the surface of the glass pane, and loads the ruler with a weight of approx.

1 kg, e.g. in the form of a lead strip of 4o χ 3 mm in cross section. Lead strips with a cross-section of approx. 15 to 25 mm χ approx. 2 to 5 mm are also applied to the glued edge zones or thicker.

Immediately subsequent to the loading of the filling, the monomer to be polymerized-Flüssi ^ speed in known manner SUC-ί; ΰη, and only in a slot dor short Be ti ⁵ dor windshield or in both upward £; dividing, ' Gift <? .-The Moriorner liquid collects nioli on dar ti eisten, '5UIh and starts from there aua after both,' 3HWn h <u! Hzu £ it <.if _a (n and iu-hl «1 ι The air without sight in front of the Sohliti'.di <in-

209885 / 037G

BATH

The monomer liquid to be polymerized does not need, as was previously the case, in a special apparatus prior to filling To be vented, but it is vented in the method according to the invention only after filling in order to largely bubble formation to exclude. The filled composite structures are therefore placed in a polymerization cabinet and opened Racks put down. Contrary to the usual design, the polymerization cabinet, which is expediently used in the method according to the invention, a connection to a vacuum line or vacuum pump. After closing the Sohrank a negative pressure of approx. 4o to 5 <# for the duration of approx. 5 to 15 minutes made. The polymerization then begins in a manner familiar to the person skilled in the art and is used depending on the one skilled in the art Catalyst system for a period of 1 to 10 hours and carried out at a heat of 20 to about 120 ° C. As is also known, it can also be done by means of radiant energy are polymerized. This does not bring any particular advantages in the method according to the invention.

The composite windshield obtained in this way is characterized by high clarity and good adhesive strength; It is neither a compression repressing is still required. The risk of breakage is largely eliminated. The investment costs are so small that they are easily portable even for small businesses. The production time can be reduced when using modern polymerisation processes limited to a very few hours, and you can work at a low temperature. The manufacturing cost are therefore relatively low. The mechanical resistance of the composite panes produced in this way corresponds at least to that of commercially available windshields ·

Example 2

It should be a spherically curved windshield according to FIG. JJ are made, which are made of a disk la made of inorganic glass to the outside, a disk Ib made of organic »Gks inward

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- ίο -

and a tear-resistant film 4 made of a polyethylene of 0.1 mm Thickness, the tear-resistant film being polymerized between two layers of interpolymerized polymethacrylate 2 is.

The same profile strips are used as in the example. The window 1a facing outwards in the motor vehicle is opened the support is placed and covered with the profile strips 3 on the long edges. Now you put between these profile strips on the inner surface of the outer pane la a template 5 made of plastic, cardboard or the like in the same Thickness as the adjoining profile strips 3 and puts ann the

k tear-resistant film 4 over the entire surface of the template on the profile strips 3. Then 4 profile strips 3 in a sticky state are placed on the long edges of the film and finally the disc 1b, which is shaped in the same bend and made of plastic, is placed. The composite is loaded, as described in Example 1, by weight bars Ja and 7b, as illustrated in FIG. 4, and can then be filled with the monomer. Through the in Pig. The arrangement shown in FIG. 3 resulted in two separate filler pods. The upper chamber is first filled with the monomer and then the one-part or multi-part template is pulled out of the lower slot and this lower chamber is then also filled with the polymerization liquid.

} In the case of large-scale series production, one can use the polymerization advantageously carried out in the manner of a conveyor belt by conveying under emitters or in a heat channel. “In any case It is advisable to ventilate before placing it on the conveyor belt by touching the upward facing Filling slots suction nozzles similar to that of vacuum cleaners, as illustrated in Fig. 4 as number 8, or by one connected to negative pressure over the entire composite pane Turn the hood over and let the negative pressure act for approx. 5 to minutes. In the heat channel 9 (Fig. 5) can Polymerization can then be carried out, either up to

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for natural demolition after the strength has been reached or up to a strength level at which the composite bodies can be demolished Can be removed from the channel and stored in any way, be it at room temperature or at elevated temperature, until the polymerization is finished.

Fig. 6 shows the example of a heat curve in channel 9

The composite windshield produced according to the invention in this way has a high mechanical resistance in extreme cold and in high heat. The risk of splinter damage through glass is considerably reduced by the plastic pane facing the inside. The adhesive strength is also good in all places in the case of a spherically curved composite pane which is produced in this way; a subsequent autoclave pressure treatment at temperatures above 80 ° C cannot reveal any noticeable further increase in the ability to bind splinters. Since the procedure according to the invention is carried out without any constraint by using high pressures, the intermediate layers ensure excellent long-term adhesive strength, even during * - *. long-term use,

Example 3

According to the method according to the invention, complex composite bodies, as shown in FIG. ₀ 8, can also be produced in a comparatively simple manner. The bulletproof and / or pressure-resistant, stepped composite of planar or curved surfaces, calculated from the firing side, has the following structure: In the size of 36o χ 600 mm a glass pane la of 3 mm + 0.5 mm intermediate layer 2 + a glass pane la of 20 mm 4 0.5 mm intermediate layer "?. 4 in the size of 400 χ 600 mm another pane of glass la? ü mm thick + an intermediate layer '2 ν fin P in" + fine ijohe ibe au "Kunst st- offftla «Ib of 30 mm thickness \ a" intermediate layer. Ϊ.0 of H intn thickness and above edm tear-resistant Fe;] 1 ( h of 3 mm uriei darnulTii "lj ';r> nd in the size of 3 (> ο χ Ooo mm an intermediate layer r' of 1 mm and (dnc AbüehluHi> eheibe Ia from c.'i, '·' mm.

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BAD ORIGINAt

While the stepped structure with thin connections of e.g. only 6 mm thickness with only two outer panes no difficulties in the case of multi-layered composite bodies of the in Pig. 8 shown type much larger. Already in proportion A thick intermediate layer of 8 mm can lead to major failures or faulty productions in the previously known processes lead »The method according to the invention enables easier sealing and offers the advantage that with such structures of various types and thicknesses, unevenness and bending tolerances that occur even more frequently can be easily bridged can.

Like from Pig. 8 the sealing of a large part of the composite body can be seen with as used in Examples 1 and 2 Profile strips 3 take place. If thicker profile strips are required for sealing, e.g. those with a thickness of 2 mm, these can be used if desired can be built up by simply superimposing tacky profile strips of smaller thickness. this is particularly advantageous when the inventive method is only intended for the production of individual pieces or small series.

In the case of the intermediate layer 20 of 8 mm thickness, which is located towards the inside, one can also proceed in such a way that profile strips are used with solid cores, e.g. made of glass, plastic or other material, and profile strips 3 glued on top of the ones in the examples 1 and 2 used type manufactures. Since the sealing of the 8 mm thick intermediate layer 20 to be polymerized on a Can take place that is not in the field of vision, commercially available opaque or colored profiles can also be used be like this the illustration in Pig. 8 shows, in which an angle profile 3o x 2o now made of soft! VC was used, which in contact with suitable solvents and Weiciunaohom can be quickly made sticky and glued on. From the finished Composite bodies can simply cut away such a profile, provided that it is bothersome.

20988 ^ / 0 ^ 7P '

Fig. 9 illustrates a portion of the lower individual disk la of being established spherical windshield, into which a tear-resistant film should be polymerized The profile strips j5 are launched as a template, a plurality of strips in the same thickness as the profile strips J> inserted between these 5 The ( The film to be polymerized (not shown) is then placed over the entire surface. It is sufficiently supported and cannot sag between the distances between the individual stencil strips 5a. The procedure described in Example 2 is then continued. The use of such a subdivided stencil has the advantage that, as described in Example 2, one does not have to first fill the upper polymerization chamber before pulling out the stencil; instead, when using multi-part stencils, it is possible to gradually add the individual stencil strips to pull out to the extent to which the filling of the chamber with; the monomer liquid to be polymerized advances “In addition, you avoid any possible jamming of the template. Appropriately used stencil strip aui5 such a material which is not attacked by the monomer to be polymerized liquid, z "B _o phenoplast laminated with paper as Ilarzträger (such as sold under the trade name" known pertinax "material) ;,

In ort'indungsgemäß produced composite bodies of the type described above, it may, especially when turned both outwardly and inwardly plastic intermediate layers of high thicknesses are arranged to be advantageous to carry out the polymerization at upstanding bodies after a the structure and interior pressure conditions corresponding clamping has made, e.g. with brackets and enclosures. In such cases of polymerisation in an upright position, all edges are sealed in the manner already described, with the exception of the uppermost slit openings for filling in the monomer liquid to be polymerised. The shrinkage then does not take place, as in the case of glass plates or panes lying on top of the monomer liquid due to the thickness of the interstices.

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go through ” but in their levels. This means that in the case of upright composite bodies, an additional amount of polymerization liquid corresponding to the shrinkage should be made available in such a way that it can automatically sag. For this purpose, it is sufficient to set up a funnel, for example made of impermeable paper or an inert metal foil, in a size that can hold the amount of liquid required to compensate for the shrinkage.

In the novel process, such complicated composite can with a much smaller board and produce significantly less expensive than is possible with the known methods _o The composites thus produced with thick intermediate layers are not only suitable for composites with special properties such as high compressive strength, but also for polymerizing solid bodies, such as connection terminals for electrical heating systems against icing and fogging, of threaded parts, for example for the removability of additional panes or devices such as visors, radiation protection and the like.

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Claims (1)

213475Ü Expectations Composite body made of inorganic and / or organic vitreous material, characterized in that between each two individual Glass panes (la, Ib) which are provided with profile strips (3) made of polymer material at least on their long sides and thus spaced are, a polymerized plastic intermediate layer (2) and held by the profile strips (3) within the plastic Intermediate layer (2) polymerized into a film (4) or some other solid body are present. V Process for the production of composite bodies according to claim XV made of at least two disks made of inorganic and / or organic Glass with polymerized plastic intermediate layers between the same, in which the individual glass panes in certain Layered at a distance, the layer structure formed in this way on the side surfaces with an edge seal Sealed liquid-tight, then the monomer substance to be polymerized is poured into the cavities and polymerized is, characterized in that the spacing of the glass panes and the sealing of the rare surfaces of the layer structure is made so that one side of the layer structure remains open, while a profile strip made of polymer material is arranged on the edge of each pane on the other sides is preferably made from the same or similar monomer, which is used for installation in the cavities, and the one with brackets for during the polymerization of the Monomer substance is provided in the cavities to be built foils or other solid bodies, then arranged the monomer substance to be polymerized into the hollow spaces and this is vented after filling. 3 · A process according to Anspruoh 2, characterized in that a film of a particularly high tensile strength and mechanical impact resistance at Temperaluren of minus 25 to plus 50 ⁰ C, which may be colorless or colored, is polymerized. / (J <) 8 ii ^f > / (Ji i 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that that a film with a thickness of 0.01 to 1.0 mm is polymerized will· 5. The method according to claim 2 to 4, characterized in that that the profile strips, before they are placed on the glass panes, by moistening with the liquid monomer and / or solvents and / or plasticizers are sticky on the surface be made. 6. The method according to claim 2 to 5 »characterized; that flat strip strips are used as profile strips. 7. The method according to claim 2 to 5 *, characterized in that as a profile strip double-U-hair dryer formed strips with corresponding to the height of the distance between two panes of glass Reinforced central web are used, the outer legs of which are arranged over the outer edges of the glass panes will. 8. The method according to claim 2 to 7 *, characterized in that that J-profile strips use a solid, also colored core will. 9 · The method according to claim 2 to 8, characterized in that a template in one or multi-part design for the correct support of inserted foils is arranged, which is before the filling of the liquid monomer is removed. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that a template made of smooth, lint-free material such as plastic is used ». . . 11. The method according to claim 2 to 10, characterized in that a load is exerted on the profile strips. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the load by the support of the shape of the composite body conforming load profiles is made. 20988 5/03 7 6 15. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that that the load profiles are provided with stops to make it easier to apply them to the profile strips Edges of the composite body 14. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the load profiles for producing the pressure equalization are laid flat at this point in the deepest zone of the composite body and such load profiles are used, which consist of a rigid, non-sagging material and load with the / ^ free weight, like the one in the composite body introduced polymerization liquid corresponds. 15. The method according to claim 11 to 14, characterized in that load profiles consisting entirely or partially of lead be used. 16. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the load is carried out by using tension clamps. 17. The method according to claim 2 to 16, characterized in that that the monomer substance to be polymerized is acrylate, methacrylate or vinyl compounds are used; which can be colorless or colored. 18. The method according to claim 2 to 17 »characterized in that the polymerization in a heating cabinet, which is at negative pressure is connected, carried out and the venting of the composite is carried out after it has been placed in the heating cabinet. 19. The method according to claim 2 to 17, characterized in that the venting of the filled Polyraerisationsflüaeigkeit after filling them by placing suction hoods on the open filling slots or over the entire composite body is made. 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that daft the polymerization in channels is carried out like a conveyor belt by the action of heat or radiation. 209885/0376 21. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that as a solid body to be polymerized, non-coated or heatable wire inserts with network connection options are used _o 22. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that threaded parts or other receiving parts are used as solid bodies to be polymerized for the ability to be placed in front of and interchangeable with devices in front of the target, for the radiation reaction, and for the performance of 'other tasks. 23 · The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that that the solid body to be polymerized with adhesion promoters be provided. 24. The method according to claim 21 to 23, characterized in that that following the completed or almost completed polymerization, an autoclave treatment with pressures up to at 5 atmospheres and at temperatures up to 120 ° C. 2 0 9885/0376