DE2133441A1 - Fluid probe stage with multiple output - Google Patents

Description

Pat ': i-.tünv.'alt

Dipl.-Ing. Waiter Jackish

7 Stuttgart N, Menzelstrasse 40

Western Electric Company Inc.

195, Broadway 2133441 · July 2 "197 |

New York, IT. Y. 10007 / USA

A 32 383

Fluid probe stage with multiple output

The invention relates to a fluid assembly, preferably with a plurality of output variables to be selectively generated, in particular a passive half-adding unit with at least one "exclusive OR" output and at least two AND outputs.

In transmission systems and other systems with an analog Input signal is required to be the analog signal

to a digital signal before the information can be manipulated by the logic of the system control circuit. The digital signal is generally in a ^{! L} 1-of-2 "(binary) form, ^l! 1-of-8 ' ^r ' (octal) form, or" 1-of-10 "(decimal) form vor.-The input signal is then processed in order to carry out the necessary logic functions and to effect system control.

In those systems where the analog input signal comprises a continuously variable voltage signal, a conversion can easily be made into the desired digital format «Modern electronic discriminators and filters are with regard to the display of special voltage values and the generation of the corresponding information bit are very effective.

When the input signal is a fluid analog signal of steady

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variable pressure rather than an electrical analog signal requires the use of electrical logic circuitry the conversion of the fluid analog signal into an electrical one Analog signal, which is then differentiated and converted into electrical digital form.

When the control signals of a control circuit are in a 3? Luidformat are to exist, it is necessary to convert the logical output variable from an electrical signal into a corresponding one Reconvert fluid signal »If the electronic logic circuit device and the discriminators are omitted and by fluid assemblies are replaced, there is no need to convert the input signals from the ITuid analog value to the electrical analog value as well as for converting the output signals from the electrical signals back into positive signals. Such an arrangement is not only more economical but also becomes necessary for the control circuit Reduced dimensions while increasing the reliability of the control circuit by eliminating unnecessary operations will.

Unfortunately, such fluid assemblies have been found to be designed for such discrimination and filtering processes in the past as ineffective. Therefore, complicated electronic arrangements were more suitable, despite the conversion and reverse conversion operations, than was the case for the complicated and unreliable fluid assemblies.

The invention provides a fluid assembly which distinguish an analog signal corresponding to a variable pressure and able to convert it into a digital ZLuidsignal. This eliminates any need to have a electronic circuit in a fully working with pluiden System to use. This is particularly advantageous when the system is close to high in a high temperature environment Radiance works or bump b ^ w, Schv / ingungeii

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is subject. Such environmental conditions are important for electrical

Turkish structural units are harmful, but have no essential elements Influence on fluid assemblies.

According to one embodiment of the invention is a fluid cavity arranged so that there are two fluid inlets to corresponding fluid jets with transverse to each other Generate axes. There are three exit passages downstream of the two entrances. One of the three assigned Output signals are selectively generated depending on the relative state of the two inputs. A first exit is indicated by the presence of any ray in the absence of it of the other beam generated. A second output variable is created by the appearance of both rays with essentially generated at the same speeds. A third output variable is the simultaneous presence of both Creates rays, the speed of one jet exceeding the speed of the other «

The invention thus creates an iTuid module with two input beams, which are arranged to act on one another, producing one of three possible output variables will. A first output is given by the presence of either beam in the absence of the other Beam generated. A second output variable is generated by the simultaneous presence of both beams, the The speed of the first jet substantially exceeds that of the second jet. A third output will be caused by the simultaneous presence of both jets, the speed of the two jets being essentially is equal to.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. 33s show:

1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a structural unit according to the invention in a top view,

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Pig. 2 the unit according to Pig. 1, the fluid flow is shown for a first input beam alone,

3 shows the structural unit according to Pig »1, the fluid flow path is shown for a second input beam alone,

Pig. 4 the unit according to Pig. 1, where the fluid flow r path is shown for the two rays which are present cooperating, with the speed of the two rays is essentially the same,

Pig. 5 the unit according to Pig. 1, where the fluid flow path is given for the two jets in combination and the speed of one jet that of the other significantly exceeds

Fig * 6 the active output variable for different ratios between the printing of the two inputs in a table.

For reasons of expediency, the same reference symbols are used in all Piguren, although only those reference symbols mentioned in the description of the respective embodiment are shown in each figure.

Logical pluid modules according to the invention can consist of any rigid, non-porous material including glass, ceramic, plastic, and metal. Such structural units generally comprise a base plate into which the desired channels are pressed or etched, and a lid which ensures a fluid-tight seal. The lid is with the base plate after any known processes connected, for example by Adhesives, fasteners, clips or the like. For the sake of simplicity of illustration, show Pig. 1-5 one Assembly unit with a glass lid. The reason for this is

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that the interior of the assembly to be illustrated are shown without the confusing presence of cross-sectional lines can. However, this is in no way intended to be a limitation on those suitable for use in the assembly Consider fabrics as any rigid, non-porous material can be used.

The assembly is based on some fluid flow phenomena, among these in particular on the Coanda effect, the impulse exchange and the knife edge system. The Coanda Effect, Also referred to as the wall contact phenomenon, it occurs when a 3-fluid jet flows along a wall. Between the flowing jet as well as the wall, surrounding fluid is enclosed, which a reduced pressure in the entrained Area. The turbulence increases the drag Flow, with the resulting pressure differential across the jet causing it to move closer to the wall. The closer the jet gets to the wall, the greater the force of misalignment.

Regenerative effects cause the jet to quickly assume a steady state, with the imbalance forces reduced to zero and a state of equilibrium reached. This occurs when the wall occurs the constraining force exerted on the beam becomes equal to the misalignment force. When that point is reached, the ray is in place so close to the wall and the forces acting on it are so strong that the jet effectively "sticks" to the wall. In order to interrupt the installation on the wall, the equilibrium must be disturbed to such an extent that a separation between the wall as well as the beam is effected. When the split point moves down the wall, the beam becomes "unlocked".

A second fluid flow phenomenon, momentum exchange, occurs when two jets of fluid in motion meet «Each jet has a certain momentum due to its velocity and mass. When the rays meet

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mutually change the path of the other ray. Since the Rays add vectorially, so it follows that rays that intersect at an angle greater than 90 °, one Have component opposite to a component of the other beam. As a result, the rays seek cancel each other to an extent that depends on the angle therebetween. The counteraction of the two radiation components can also increase lurbulenswer ^ e, leading to a leads to faster decay of the resulting beam.

However, if the rays are at an angle of 90 ° or less intersect, all components of the two beams support each other or additively. As a result, a single resulting jet is formed with a total pressure that depends on the pressure of the two jets. The angle of the resulting beam versus the other two beams provides a predictable puncture of relative velocity of the two rays. If, for example, the two rays run perpendicular to each other and are approximately the same Pressure, since the jet speed changes directly with the pressure acting on it, so are the jet speeds balance, and the resulting beam moves away at an angle of 135 to any ray. If one input is at a higher pressure than the other, so that its jet has a higher speed, the resulting jet is further from the original direction of the lower speed jet.

The particular Bauein ^ - ^e i "t 100 according Pig 1 includes a first fluid inlet, namely a passage 101 and a second fluid inlet, namely a passage 102 which with independent fluid pressure source (not illustrated) are connected These sources perform selection moderately below.. The inlets 101, 102 are correspondingly connected to nozzles 104, 105, which are oriented essentially perpendicular to one another. The nozzles generate a fluid jet when

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the fluid pressure is present at the corresponding inlet.

The effect of the rays within the assembly is a puncture of the relative internal geometry of the assembly, the actual dimensions not being particularly important. For the purpose of better illustration, the geometry of the structural unit can be indicated more clearly by relative dimensions, the width _b of the nozzles 104, 105 being used as the unit of measurement. The length of the wall 107 is in the approximate range between b and 4b. The wall 108 has a radius R of approximately 2b. The wall 111 has a length approximately corresponding to the value b_. The wall 112 has a length in the approximate range from 10b to 15b. The tfinkel J ^ the "Jandung 112 which leads to a receiver 114 and a line 118, is in the range between 0 and approximately 30 * The angle θ of the wall 110 which leads to a! Gmpfanger 125 and a line 120 beträft approximately 75 ° s the angle β of the receiver 126 and the line 121 is 30 °.

The flow lines according to FIG. 2 represent the beam distribution in assembly 100 when pressurized fluid is present at the inlet 101 alone. The exclusive jet emanates from the nozzle 104 and flows along the wall 107. Because of the Coanda effect, the jet is automatically applied to the wall 107. After flowing along the V / an extension 107 the beam is deflected by the curved wall 108. if as the beam leaves the wall 108 at the reversal point 109, it is redirected in a generally downward direction. The jet continues in this direction, being due to the slight increase in pressure resulting from the Returns flow in the circulation area easily diverges.

The beam is deflected again at this point through

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the wall area 112 so that it "passes" at the exit s-receiver 114 is included, which connects to the Fluid line 118 produces. Pressurized fluid in line 118 indicates an "exclusive OR" condition, where in this EaIl a flow from the inlet 101 in the presence of spruce flow from inlet 102 is indicated. Charging effects or effects of impedance mismatch in the Systems that cause back pressure on receiver 114 could be relaxed to the system reference pressure by creating a ventilation passage 117 (for example to atmospheric pressure or back into a fluid return tank).

The flow course according to! 3 is through the appearance of a pressurized fluid at inlet 102, but not at inlet 101. The same carry-on condition in addition to adhering to the wall as described above, causes the jet from the nozzle 105 to adhere to the wall section 111 is liable. The attached beam flows from wall 111 to wall 112 and becomes receiver 114 guided. Again, an "exclusive OR" condition is indicated by pressurized fluid in line 118, with this time is given by the flow present at inlet 102 in the absence of flow from inlet 101. Of the Ventilation channel 117 in turn results in a relaxation of the fluid pressure under high loads, so that the structural unit is maintained at or near atmospheric pressure or tank pressure, the integrity of the jet for all load conditions is maintained.

If the flow is present at both inlets at the same time, the resulting jet setting initially depends on this Impulse exchange from. If, according to FIG. 4, a beam is simultaneously is present at both nozzles 104, 105, they act on one another in the manner indicated. When the two rays are in the have essentially the same speed, so has

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each a substantially equal pulse, so that the resulting Ray is at an angle of about 135 to each incoming ray.

The curved wall portion 108 forms a "pocket" in which circulation through the flow of the resulting Beam is built up. The circulation creates an area of relatively low pressure inside the pocket the area of the turning point 109 »This phenomenon, which is known as" knife edge contact ", creates the lower one Pressure and exerts a force to keep the resulting jet near the turning point. The flow of the resulting The beam along the reversal point 109 causes the beam to rest on the wall 110 and to emit the beam the receiver 125 as well as into the fluid line 120. The presence of pressurized fluid on the line 120 gives one first AND state, which results from the intermediate effect of the simultaneous and essentially equal velocity input beams.

If the jets emanate from the nozzles 104, 105 at the same time, however, the jet from the nozzle 104 has a much higher speed than the jet from the nozzle 105, the flow profile according to FIG. 5 is obtained a resulting ray due to the interaction of the simultaneous Incoming rays generated. However, since the jet from the nozzle 104 has a much higher speed than that from the nozzle 105, it contains a much larger momentum. The resulting jet is therefore located closer to the original direction of the high pressure jet. As a result, the deflected beam adheres to the turning point 109, separates from the wall 110 as a result of its higher speed and is delivered to the receiver 126, which establishes a connection to the fluid line 121. The presence of pluid under pressure in line 121 indicates a second AND state that emerges from the ray at the

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Nozzle 105 arises, which has a low pressure compared to the Has jet at the nozzle 104.

The structural unit 100 can be used favorably in the above-explained application of an analog / digital converter. By Applying a signal of constant pressure to inlet 101 and a signal of constantly changing! Pressure on the inlet 102 or vice versa, a 1-out-of-3 output signal is obtained. The output signal, which is either sent to the OR output 118, the first IMD output 120 or the second UITD output 121 appears is a useful representation of the analog signal in digital form.

For example, if the pressure at inlet 102 is kept constant and the pressure at inlet 101 is changed, the active output can be determined with reference to Pig, FIG. If the pressure ratio ^ -i ni / ^ - i q2 is less than a critical value "A", the OR output 118 proves to be active. If the pressure is increased at the inlet 101, the pressure ratio exceeds the "A ^value;!, With the result that the active output of the OR output 118 switches to the output 120, resulting in the first AND Änzeige when the. If the pressure at the inlet 101 is increased further, a critical value ^t; B ·· is reached, where the active output switches from the output 120 to the output 121, the second AND indication being produced 101 is increased even further, a critical value "C" is reached, where the active output switches from output 121 back to OR output 118. The jet from inlet 102 is now at a low pressure compared to the pressure the inlet 101 so that it is practically absent, the dex ^ ray from the inlet 102 being assumed to be present alone.

The values of ^: Ά '·, "Β ··,"^;'C ^li change depending on the fluid used, the design of the structural unit and the

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used pressures. However, since the pressure at inlet 102 is constant and known, the pressures at the inlet 101 can correspond to the pressure ratio at which the assembly toggles can be easily ascertained.

This unit could also be used as a monitoring unit. used. If any system condition is to be monitored, whichever generates a changing fluid pressure, the inlet 101 could be with the to be monitored Source to be connected. This would result in a jet from nozzle 104 at a speed which varies according to the change in pressure the monitored source would change. When a constant pressure signal is provided at inlet 102 and has a properly chosen bias pressure, so would there is typically an output on line 102.

If the pressure at the inlet 101 rises above a certain value, so that the critical pressure ratio ^H B ^:; is exceeded, the resulting beam switches over, producing an output in line 121. The line 121 could then be connected either to an overpressure alarm device or to a structural unit which automatically reduces the monitored pressure. If the pressure at inlet 101 were to be decreased below a certain value, the pressure ratio would drop below the critical value ^ A "and the resulting jet would switch to conduit 118, indicating a low pressure condition. Conduit 118 could in Similarly, connect to a vacuum alarm device or assembly that automatically raises the pressure.

Although a unit with a single OR output as well as two AND output variables have been described above, two OR outputs can also be provided. For example, the structural unit described could be modified so that the wall 107 transfers an adhering beam to a second OR

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Output conducts. This outcome would be the exclusive presence of a jet from the throttling nozzle 104, while the present OR output 118 is exclusive Presence of a ray from the limiter 105 would indicate.

The invention is not limited to a unit with two UITD outputs, but could rather be with three, four or more UITD outputs can be provided. Each output would have a specific range of pressure ratios However, if the number of outputs increases there is also an increase in the sensitivity of the structural unit and a decrease in reliability associated therewith. This results from the increased occurrence unintentional switching of the more sensitive assembly due to unavoidable pressure changes in the input jets, effects of output charging and the like.

The invention thus creates a pluid module with two Input beams with mutual influence for the selective generation of one of three possible output variables. A first output is generated by the presence of any one of the beams in the power of the other beam. A second output variable is generated by the simultaneous presence of both beams, with the velocity of the first beam exceeds that of the second beam. The third output variable is due to the simultaneous presence of both rays when the speed of the two rays is essentially the same »

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Claims (7)

Expectations 1. Passive fluid logic unit with two inlet nozzles for selective generation of a first and second beam, a first output for generating a first ZLuidasignal by the wall abutment uptake of any generated beam in the absence of the other beam and a second Output for generating a second fluid signal by receiving the impulse exchange of the resulting one of the two jets, which were produced together, characterized in that the two inlet nozzles are substantially perpendicular to one another run that the second output variable (120, 125) generates a flow only when the flow pressures of the jets generated together are essentially the same, and that a third outlet (121, 126) for generating a fluid flow by momentum exchange recording of the resulting Jet is provided from the jets generated together, the flow pressure of a first jet of the first Nozzle (104) substantially exceeds the flow pressure of the jet of the second nozzle (105). 2. Assembly according to claim 1, characterized by elements (107, 108) for redirecting the first beam from its normal Axis when the second ray is not present, so that the first beam is received through the first exit (114, 118). 3. Assembly according to claim 2, characterized by a wall provided with a chamber in which the first and second beam, which were generated together, interact, wherein the diversion element is a wall (107) of the chamber includes. 4. Unit according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that that the diverting element has a curved wall part (108) both for diverting the first beam at 109883/1258 If the second beam is not present as well as for adjustment of the jet which results from the meeting of the first and second jets "at substantially equal velocities results to be picked up by the second output (120, 125). 5. Unit according to one of speech 2-4, characterized in that that the walled chamber further comprises a reversal point (109) to both the from the Coincidence of the first and second rays of substantially same speed through knife edge system to adjust the resulting beam, so that the resulting Beam at the second output (120, 125) is recorded, as well as adjusting the beam, which from the coincidence of the first and second jet occurs when the speed of the first jet exceeds the speed of the zx ^ one ray substantially exceeds, so that the resulting Beam is received at the third output (121, 126). 6. Unit according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that that the chamber also has a discharge wall (111, 112) between the nozzle (104) and the first outlet (114, 118) at which the second ray "if not present of the first beam adheres to the adhered second beam and the diverted first beam to the first output to go off. 7. Unit according to one of claims 1-6 with several selectable generated and mutually exclusive output signals, characterized by a first fluid line (118) in connection with the first output for generation an exclusive or logical plus signal depending on the reception of a beam through the first output, a second ZLuidleitung (120) in connection with the second Output for generating a first and logical positive signal depending on the reception of a beam by the two- 109883/1258 th output and a third Fltiidleitung (121) in connection with the third output for generating a second and logical Positive signal as a function of the receipt of a beam by the third output. 109883/1258 Blank page