DE2123637A1 - Method for writing or printing alphanumeric characters and electronic typewriter for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Description

Sociedade de Representacoes Santos,
Guimaraes & Olivoira SARL, Porto / Portugal

Method of writing or printing alpha-numeric Characters and electronic typewriter to carry out the procedure.

The invention relates to a method for writing or printing alpha-numeric characters and an electronic one Typewriter to carry out the procedure.

There are currently three types of typewriters on the market: which according to their operating principle as mecha- j nically, electrically and electronically. Also found in the electrical and electronic categories different mechanical arrangements application.

The high typing speed and efficiency of electronic typewriters have added to their sprawl Use in large business enterprises. For small and medium-sized business enterprises, the main obstacle to widespread use of electronics is Typewriters their high price. This problem is felt even more strongly when these typewriters are data-processing Should contain sin and output circles.

ORIGINAL INSPECTED ^u

109848/1795

The object of the invention is to provide an improved and simpler Method for writing or printing characters and an electronic typewriter for carrying out the method create. The typewriter should only have a few, e.g. 15 data input and output lines plus 3 auxiliary lines, so that it can serve as a peripheral unit for printing alphanumeric characters; this would reduce the cost of position is greatly reduced and maintenance is simplified. The way the paper of some type or one Introducing and illuminating quality should be improved.

This is achieved according to the invention in that in one Pressure zone side by side ends long shaped Elements or elongated members optionally ends are withdrawn from this pressure zone, leaving the remaining ends form a selected alpha-numeric character and that paper and a source of ink are pressed against the remaining ends to print the selected character.

The electronic typewriter according to the invention contains a multiplicity of hadels arranged in a printing zone Ends, means for withdrawing selected needles during each of successive printing steps in such a way that the ends remaining in the printing zone during each printing step have one of a plurality of alpha-numerical Characters correspond to selected characters, means of keeping the paper in attachment to this printing sont ^ u, and means

109848/1786

for pressing the paper against the needle ends remaining in the print zone and for carrying out the dyeing process by means of covering color during each printing step according to the ends remaining for printing the selected characters.

It may further means to promote the paper for printing the characters on Successive points and | Means can be provided for maintaining distances between the selected characters , furthermore a keyboard for selecting the characters and a matrix, which is dependent on the keyboard, for selecting the needles.

The agents selected for retracting needles preferably include elektronechanische devices, which are coupled to the matrix and are actuated by it, as well as links between these devices and the electro-mechanical ladein.

Furthermore, means are advantageously provided for projecting a linear shadow onto the paper as a guideline for the printing process. Means for illuminating the pressure zone are also provided.

The needles on the one hand and the means for pressing the paper against the needle ends and for carrying out the dyeing process on the other.

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hand, are arranged on opposite sides of the paper.

Means are preferably provided to control the electromechanical devices independently of the matrix.

The means for pressing the paper against the needle ends and for carrying out the dyeing process advantageously contain one reciprocating anvil or stamp, an ink ribbon which can be brought into contact with the anvil or stamp and which is in the pressure zone is pressed against the paper, as well as means to hold the ribbon on the anvil or the anvil between each print. Move stamp past.

The needle ends preferably have a rest position in one plane in the pressure zone; they are on the order of three times five arranged in the print zone and form, in parallel rows, a rectangle. Preferably 15 needles and 15 input or output lines plus three auxiliary lines are provided. The input and output lines work in both directions.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electronic typewriter only 15 data processing input and output lines (plus 3 auxiliary lines), so that as a peripheral unit for writing or printing alpha-

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numeric characters and characters, especially letters, can work. This leads to an extreme reduction in manufacturing costs and very simplified maintenance. The novel and improved method of placing and illuminating the paper is also important, and its type and quality can be of any desired type. The invention is thus distinguished g in its preferred embodiment by the following features and advantages:

1. A minimum number of points is used to form e.g. 43 alpha-numeric characters. Since only 15 Points are made available for the formation of the characters, the input and output of the characters concerned Data take place over only 15 lines.

2. Since only a minimal number of points are used,

the machine can be fundamentally simplified. It mainly consists of a chassis with a housing, a carriage, an electric motor, a keyboard, a diode matrix, transistors and electromagnets. This simplification has the effect of reducing manufacturing costs and facilitating maintenance and servicing.

5. The paper is guided in the following way and against the Needle ends pressed or pressed so that the different characters are formed: The paper is between the Roller of a cart and

109848/1796 -6-

Held on pressure rollers (cylinders that exert pressure); the Striking (of the needles) takes place against the rear side of the paper (facing away from the operator) a process to be referred to as a "backprinting process"; an anvil or punch, which is equipped with a conventional ink ribbon and actuates and presses it, driven by an electromagnet, the paper against the needles printing from the back to form dots, as below will be described in detail later.

4. The writing or printing area is illuminated by tubular lamps with horizontal filaments achieved; between these lamps and the paper a nylon or similar thread is arranged, the shadow of which, which has a sharp contour according to the type of lamp used, a guide line for aligning the writing line pretends; another lamp, which is part of an optical system, projected through the opening in a panel a beam of light aimed at the area where the character is to be printed.

-7-

109848/1795

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the attached drawing.

Fig. 1 shows an overview in the various needle end arrangements for different alpha-numeric letters are shown according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic perspective illustration of the printing part of a typewriter in which Needles according to the invention are used.

FIG. 3 shows, in a block diagram, controls for the typewriter according to FIG. 2 as well as working phases of the same.

Fig. 4 shows a basic circuit diagram of a diode matrix, which is used in the control of FIG.

FIGS. 5-7 show details in schematic circuit diagrams from the block diagram of Fig.3.

Fig. 8 shows a schematic circuit diagram of further details of the circuit in relation to Fig.3.

FIG. 9 shows the perspective view of the mechanical structure of part of the apparatus according to FIG.

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The illustrated embodiment of the invention uses 15 Needle ends or points to form 43 alpha-numeric Characters as shown in Fig.l. Since only 15 points to Formation of the characters are used, the input and extraction of the data relating to the characters can only be 15 lines (connections) take place.

The needle ends are arranged side by side in three parallel rows of five ends each; all have these needle ends a rest position in a plane from which they can be optionally withdrawn, so that the needle ends that are in the plane remain, compose the selected character.

The schematic perspective view of Figure 2 shows how the needle ends are selected. The paper sheet V is held between the paper roller tines carriage 2 'and a pressure roller 3'. Since the needles 6 'attack the back 9' of the sheet of paper 1 '- the surface 8 is then the surface facing the operator - the process is called a "backprinting process. A stamp 4' with a conventional ink-impregnated tape Io 'and is driven by an electromagnet 5 ¹ , presses the paper 1' onto the needles 6 'that print on the back to produce the dots which compose the alpha-numeric characters.

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The writing zone is illuminated by tubular lamps with a horizontal filament 15 ^f . A nylon thread is between these lamps and the paper, parallel to the lamps 16 tensioned ', the shadow 17 ^f, which is thanks to the lamp type of sharp contour, forms a guide line for alignment of the header. Another lamp 18 ', which is part of an optical system, projects through the opening of a plate 19 * a beam of light which is directed onto the area 20 ^f where the character is to be printed.

A machine according to the invention is shown in block diagram form in FIG Fig. 3 shown. It comprises a keyboard 1 (such as the AZERT) with 43 keys corresponding to the same number of alphanumeric keys Sign. Each key, when pressed, makes a contact that is an electronic one Circuit closes.

It also contains a diode matrix 2 with 45 inputs Has; 43 of these correspond to the alpha numbers used Characters, the others correspond to the space bar and the return key for the car. In the present invention, the matrix 2 has 18 outputs associated with an equal number of amplifiers Establish connection. Looking at the diode matrix of Fig. 4 (which shows the details of the matrix) you can see how data is obtained that contains the information

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mation that takes it to the next level, the amplifier 3, or to the input stage of some other external component of a data processor.

For easy understanding of FIG. 4, the outputs (output combinations ) are set up in the following table for each input (input) (see the overview of FIG. 1) of the ..DiodtHiaatrik ■ 30;

Entrances

Outputs

A. 1 7th 8th 10 11 16 13th 14th 16 16 B. 7th 9 11 13th 15th 16 13th 14th 16 G 1 5 7th 8th 9 12th 5 1 4th 7th 8th 10 12th 7th 8th 9 11 15th 16 16 E. 7th 9 12th 14th 16 16 F. 7th 9 to ' 12th 14th 15th ECl G 1 VJ! 7th 8th 9 12th 12th 13th 14 15 H- H 6th 7th 9 10 16 15th 16 I. 1 2 3 4th 5 11 16 J 2 3 4th 7th 8th 9 13th 14th 16 K 6th 8th 10 12th 13th 14th L. 6th 7th 8th 9 11 12th M. 6th 8th .9 10 16 15th 16 ORIGINAL INSP JST 7th 8th 9 10 11 16 O 1 VJl 7th 8th 9 11 ICISI 141 / «79S

Inputs (continued) Outputs (continued)

P. 7th 9. 10 11 13th - 14 15th 16 16 16 16 Q 1 4th 5 7th 8th 10 11 14th 15th 13th H 7th 9 10 11 13th 16 16 12th 16 C.
I- ' 1 3 4th 7th 9 12th 13th 15th 16 15th 14th T 2 3 4th 5 12th 13th 14th 15th 12th 16 U 6th 7th 8th 9 16 15th 12th V 5 6th 8th 9 15th 16 11 16 W. 6th 7th 8th 10 16 15th 13th X 3 6th 7th 9 10 13th 16 16 12th 16 Y 3 4th vn 6th 7th 13th 14th 15th 15th Z 2 3 7th 9 13th 14th 16 15th = 1 3 5 6th 8th 10 11 13th 14th + 1 OJ 4th 5 6th 10 11 12th 11 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 8th 10 14th 11 - 1 2 4th 5 6th 7th 9 10 9 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 13th 11 . 1 2 3 • 4 5 6th 8th 9 14th 1 1 4th 11 12th 13th 14th 16 2 2 3 7th 9 11 13th 14th 16

7 9 11 13 15 16

109848/1795 * «· *

Inputs (continued) Outputs (continued)

4 4 5 . 6th 7th 9 10 16 15th 16 5 4 7th 9 12th 13th 15th 16 15th 16 6 1 7th 9 12th 13th 15th 16 7 2 3 7th 9 10 13th 14th 16 8 1 3 5 7th 9 11 13th 9 1 3 4th 7th 9 15th 16 O 1 VJl 7th ■ co 9 11 15th Space bar 17th Back of the car guide 18th y

In the illustrated embodiment, 15 amplifiers are included, which the coils which effect the back pressure Feed electromagnets and their inputs are connected to 15 of the outputs of the diode matrix. The three remaining are connected as follows:

The output 16 (belonging to all inputs of FIG. 4) is coupled to two amplifiers, TFE 16 and TC 16, see FIG. 8; the is necessary to work with all alphanumeric characters. TFE '' is used to trigger relay B, since * the supply circuit closes for the coils of the two electromagnets E1 and E2; E1 activates the release of the carriage and the advance by a certain distance; E 2 controls the transport

109848/1795 _BA0 original -43-

the transport of the ribbon. Ultimately, the TC 16, which delivers greater power, feeds the coil 7 '(in FIG. 2) of the electromagnet 5', which controls ^{the lowering of the punch 4 1.}

The output 17 is directly coupled to the input of the Ver ~ | stronger TFE 16 with the interposition of a diode D ¹ , YgI. Fig. B, to block the plunger from going down when the space bar is pressed,

Output 10 is coupled to an amplifier TB 10 according to FIG. which controls the return of the carriage when the corresponding key is pressed.

The power circuit is used for all the amplifiers have the same (see Fig. 5) with the exception of the amplifier TC 16 * which provides a greater power is available (see Fig. 6). In it, the type of transistor is different and, as a result, the coil B ^{1 of} the electromagnet and the values of the polarization resistances H and E ^{1 are also} different. A potentiometer P ¹ is provided which is accessible to the operator who, by regulating the bast current of the transistor TC 16, controls the pressure exerted by the stamp when it comes down on the paper. . ,

BAD dRIGlNÄL

109648/1798

The coils B (see Fig. 5) of the electromagnets 4 (Fig. 3) are connected in series to the collectors of the transistors T the amplifier. Are the transistors in a conductive state (they get into this state if the base becomes negative), the one in the coils is excited If the current flows the same, the electromagnets are activated and attract the armature 13 ', at the end of which is rigidly connected to the one that prints on the back Needles 6 'are arranged (Fig. 2).

The formation of the alpha-numeric characters is indicated in block 5 of FIG. The needles 6 ¹ , as can be seen at A in FIG. 2, are slightly withdrawn when the magnet armatures 13 'of the electromagnets 11 ^f causing the printing on the back are attracted by the coils 12'.

With regard to the non-actuated electromagnets, the remain relevant thread in their starting position, as can be seen at B in FIG. This latter position of the needles coincides with the area defined by the rear 9 'of the Paper 1 'to be printed on (see Fig. 2) is determined.

The actuation of the stamp 4 'and the transport of the ink ribbon 10 'are indicated by the block β in FIG. The stamp 4 ', which works on conventional ink ribbon 10', is through the Electromagnet 7 'of greater power operated, goes on that

109848/1795 badorigimäl _ ^ _

Paper and performs printing of the selected character by pressing the paper against the ends of the needle. After the stamp has come down, the ink ribbon is moved to a new position (see FIG. 2). The operations of phases 3 and 6 (Fig. 3) form the printing of the alpha-numeric symbols.

The return of the car indicated in the work phase 7 It is performed when contact is made after the operator depresses the appropriate key via which an electromagnet is actuated, which controls the movement of an electric motor on a suitable mechanical System transmits which in turn returns the carriage to a set position for the start of a new line. The carriage can also be returned automatically if, as soon as the carriage reaches a predetermined position, an electrical contact is made which effects the same actuation described above.

The rotation of the V / alze, which is also indicated in phase 7 is necessary when the beginning of a new line is reached. This is achieved through a suitable mechanism, the in accordance with that on a conventional character spacing lever selected position is actuated by the governor even at ι his decline.

BATH ORIGINAL

10-9848 / 1796 -Λ-

The release of the car in phase 6 is through the exit 16 of the matrix 2 (see Fig. 4), which, as already mentioned, all keys (combinations) that use the alpha-numeric Signs correspond, is common.

Distances are achieved with the aid of a space bar which, like any other key, is connected to one of the inputs of the matrix 2; the output 17 in question (see FIG. 0) is coupled to an amplifier TFE 16 (Fig. U), the hergestellton via the relay you R (Fig. S) contact an electromagnet energized S1 (Fig. 8). In this way the stamp 4 'will not go down if an unprinted seam (space) is desired. A diode D '(see Fig. 0) ict is provided, never blocks the passage to the base of the transistor TC 16 for the signal coming from nor space bar, whereby this transistor is blocked. If the space bar is pressed, the .agon advances as many individual distances as contacts are made and the operator is established.

The work processes described in the combined phase 7 and 8 form the additional movements of the carriage for dar-writing.

As mentioned, the machine has a diode matrix with 45 inputs; 43 correspond to the selected alpha numbers

BAD OR1 109848/1795 -47-

Characters and the remaining two correspond to the space bar and the return key for the carriage. The diode matrix has besides-r the 18 outputs, of which 15 transmit the data corresponding to the characters, three transmit synchronization signals, to make the content of the information error-free.

At this point it is of interest to just load the data to consider appropriate part:

When the machine works under the supervision of an operator and independently of an external control, i. E. just like an electronic typewriter, the 18 outputs of the diode matrix are coupled to appropriate amplifiers, energize the electromagnets, 15 of which belong to the needles that print on the back.

Whenever the machine is connected to any other peripheral part of a data processing system and with the same language (code) works, then it has to output and receive information. The input data are on the amplifiers are given, and the output data are taken from the diode matrix 2. Whether for the entrance or the exit the information regarding the formation of the characters, 15 input lines working in both directions are available. The data input and output is indicated at block 9 in FIG.

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- 1

In addition to these 15 lines, the machine has three lines 16, 17 and To (Fig. ■ _ ■) working in both siftings for the. Input and output of the synchronization signals; · st / ei of them relate to the synchronization of the release of the "hunting", the distance of the transport of the ribbon and the actuation of the stamp _r and the third line relates to the synchronization of the return of the carriage and dor Threat of the roller.

Indeed, if the machine is nit another external data processing. Machine using the same code υθγ-linked there must be a synchronization between them, which emanates from the machine. which emits the information, which when it reaches the machine receiving the information has, the latter controls in terms of supply with the Ribbon, actuation of the stamp, release of the carriage, distance ,. Return of the viagens and rotation of the roller.

In the machine described, two of these occupy each Operations a synchronization line, namely simultaneously a line transmits the signal for the drive of the ink ribbon and actuation of the ram (line 16, Fig. 0); another line does not transmit simultaneously, but it does transmit one another not excluding the signals for the release c.os Carriage and the spacing (line 17, Fig. 8), and through cli-3

10984ff / T795 BAD ORIGINAL

third line flows the signal for the return of the V; agenc, which, as already mentioned, does the rotation automatically which includes' ./alze .. These three lines work in suffer from devices and serve either as an input or output for the synchronization signals. This is indicated at block IC.

I ^? For the electronic operation of this has chine, two voltages of direct current supply of -24 V and +3 V. These are provided by the power source ^ ί.

The first voltage (-24 V) 'is available at the output of a full-wave rectifier 40 (FIG. 7) which is connected to the secondary winding λ of a transformer 44, the primary winding of which is v5 by a voltage of z. B. 220 V and 50 c before 60 Hz gOL is fed.

The second voltage (+ 3V) is provided by ".: oi Q, uecksilker cells of 1.5 V each, which are connected in series and are easily denominated, as indicated at 48 in

The writing process begins with the insertion of the paper into the machine. The paper is attached to the desired place Liit. Help one: easy to use, not in the drawing

BADORfGlNAL _20-

109840/1795

- 2ο -

illustrated lever which controls the pressure roller 3 in FIG.

In order to ensure correct line or line routing of the characters to be written, a guide line is formed on the paper, namely it is obtained by the projection of the shadow 17 * of a nylon thread 16 ', which is located between the paper and a from tube ^{lamps 15 f} with a horizontal filament formed light source. At the same time, these lamps keep the print area effectively lit to reduce operator fatigue.

In the printing area of the sign, a lamp 18 'turns on Directed light beam received. The lamp is part of an optical system. This enlightens the whole of that Arrangement of the area 2o 'corresponding to 15 needles, which indicates the exact point] at which the character will be printed target. Thus, during a writing period, it is possible to remove the paper and reinsert it with accuracy to achieve between what has yet to be written and what is already printed on the paper, e.g. when a word has to be completed.

Because the formation of the 43 alpha-numeric characters for everyone equals, next we just describe how to get one of them, e.g. the letter H.

■, ■ -21-

10 9848/1795

in Pig. 1 shows the picture IZ corresponding to the character H, that of the 1J3 printing only electromagnets on the back those who correspond to the rebukes 6, 7, 9 and 10, act! will iauss. This takes place as follows:

On A press down towards the corresponding letter H key "is a negative voltage to the cathode of the diode DHG, DHT, DII9 and DHIO (Fig. 4) which is connected to the input 2 in Fig. 8 and in the diode matrix in Fig. are denoted by H.

As a result of the arrangement given to the diodes in the matrix and because the relevant diodes (DH6, DH ?, DH9 and DH10) are directly polarized, the amplifier transistors Τβ, Τ7, T9 and T10 (Pig. 8) are conductive, so that in A current flows through the coils of the corresponding electromagnets BG, B7, 39 and B1Ü, which print on the back, which excites the latter - and causes the magnet armatures Vy (Fig. 9) to be attracted. This in turn affects the articulated lever 14 '(FIG. 9) and causes the needles 6, 7, 9 and 10, which are attached to the free ends of the magnet armatures, to be withdrawn.

If rebukes 6, 7, 9 and 10 are withdrawn, determine the others, which remain at rest, are selected characters, in this case the letter H. Since this HadeIn (namely the liadeln 1 to 5, 8, 11, to 15) on the same

109848/1795

Stay high and touch the back of the paper with their ends, only the stamp with the ribbon has to be on go down the paper to carry out the printing of the sign.

Although the electromagnet 5 '(Fig. 2), which ^{confirms the stamp 4 1} , is excited at the same time with the γοη the back-printing electromagnet 11', the retraction of the lladeln takes place before the stamp hits the surface of the paper because of the stroke (Meg) for the die to go down is greater than that for the retraction of the ladders and the die stroke takes a certain time, at the beginning of which the ladders are already withdrawn.

Compartment when the stamp goes down, when the latter starts up again, the ribbon moves into a new position before, as well as the carriage after the movement has been released; the plant is then ready for the next alpha-nuneric character to print.

In the above-described embodiment example one Electronic typewriters are the ends of 15 pins in three parallel rows of five ends each arranged. The loading loins are bsu for every writing. Printing process withdrawn either under control by a diode matrix or by input data, so that the

109848/1795

remaining ends a selected alpha-numeric character form. A ribbon is · above the paper and this is placed over the needle ends; the ribbon is by means of a Aribosses or stamps placed against the paper and iliiTi pressed on to carry out the writing or printing process. There are also provisions for a return of the car and The like. Work steps taken, as well as for the lighting the writing or printing zone and for a line-shaped shadow as a guideline on paper.

BAD ORIGINAL 109848/1795

Claims (1)

Patent claims Method of writing or printing alpha-numeric Sign, characterized, that of ends of long-shaped elements or elongated components arranged next to one another in a pressure zone optional ends are withdrawn from the print zone and the remaining ends a selected alpha-numeric Form characters and that to print the selected character paper and a color source against the the remaining ends. Electronic typewriter for performing the method according to claim 1,
marked through a plurality of pins (1 to 15) with ends arranged in a printing zone, by means for retracting selected threads during each of successive printing steps in such a way that the ends remaining in the printing zone during each printing step one of a plurality of alpha -numerisehen characters selected mark correspond, by means to keep the paper (1 ¹⁾ in contact with this print zone, and by means for pressing the paper (1 ') against said remaining in the print zone needle ends and sum executing the Färbvorgangs by pressing Color during each druok stepi 109348/1795 according to the remaining ends for printing the selected characters *. 3. Electronic typewriter according to claim 2, characterized in that that gowns for conveying the paper (1 ^f ) for printing i the characters on successive positions and means for maintaining distances between the selected characters are provided. 4. Electronic typewriter according to claim 2 or 3, marked i dme t by means of a keyboard (1) for selecting the characters and by means of a matrix (2) dependent on the keyboard (1) for selection of the !! aristocrats (1 to 15). 5. Electronic typewriter according to claim 4, characterized in that that the means for withdrawing selected charges are electromechanical Devices coupled to and operated by the matrix (2) and connectors between the electromechanical devices and the needles (1 to 15). ORIGINAL INSPECTED 109848/1795 ■: ■: * ■ 6. Electronic typewriter according to one of the claims ■ 2 to 5, marked i without t by means of projecting a linear !! Shadow (17 ') on the paper (1 ^f ). 7. Electronic typewriter according to one of the claims 2 to 6, marked by means of illuminating the pressure zone. o. Electronic typewriter according to one of the claims 2 to 7, characterized, that the needles (1 to 15) and the means for pressing - the paper (-1 ') against the Uadelenden and for performing the FärbeVorgangs on opposite sides of the paper (1 ¹ ) are arranged. 9. Electronic typewriter according to one of claims 5 to 8,
marked by means of controlling the electromechanical devices independently of the matrix (2). ORIGINAL INSPECTED 109848 / mS 4— 10. Electronic typewriter according to one of the claims 4 Ms 9, characterized in that the smock for pressing the paper (1 ¹ ) against the Madelenden and to carry out the dyeing process has a reciprocating anvil or stamp (4 ¹ ), a ribbon (10 ¹ ) that can be brought into contact by this, which is in the Print zone is printed against the paper (T), as well as means to move the ribbon (10 *) past the anvil or stamp (4 ¹ ) between the individual printing processes. 11. Electronic typewriter according to one of the claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the IJadelenden a rest position in a plane in the Have pressure zone. 12. Electronic typewriter according to one of claims to 11, characterized in that the Iladelenden in the order of three by five in the Pressure zone are arranged. 13. Electronic typewriter according to one of claims 2 to 12, 109848/1795 characterized,. it ,, the needle ends are arranged in parallel rows, the zucamaen a right eel; form. 'M. Electronic typewriter according to one of the claims 2 to .13,. ■ ■■■ '■■ .'- " characterized by gGL, the 15 Iladelii (1 to 15) as well as 15 input and output lines and three pipelines are provided. Vj: electronic typewriter; according to claim 14, characterized in that ....-- ■ dai the input or ' Output lines in both Ιίΐοΐι-tuiigen work. . ".-.- ·" 10984871795-