DE2123505A1 - Balancing machine - Google Patents

Description

Carl Schenck Maschinenfabrik GmbH
April 28, 1971

Balancing machine

The invention relates to a balancing machine for balancing bodies with an angular position sensor for adjusting the unbalance angles location.

The use of a processing device that can be attached to a stand with counter-holder that brings about a self-contained force connection during the machining process, for processing balancing bodies on balancing machines is known. (DAS 1 270 926)

Such a processing device for balancing bodies which can be provided on balancing machines solves the task of eliminating the imbalance found in the balancing machine without damaging the measurement accuracy and reproducibility of the measurement results to be able to carry out sensitive vibratory balancing body bearings within the balancing machine. For this it is necessary to balance the weight of the machining tool and the counter holder and to use a common drive to be provided so that the machining tool and counter holder touch the body to be balanced at the same time to avoid damage to avoid the balancing body storage. Such a one The processing device that can be provided must therefore be equipped with a corresponding amount of additional components, so that no disturbing moments are transferred to the balancing body bearing during the machining process.

The object of the invention is to provide a balancing machine with high Meiigeriauigkeit with simultaneous robust design with regard to To create in the balancing machine to be carried out machining to remove the unbalance, which the disadvantages of known prior art does not have. This is achieved according to the invention, through the use of a hydrostatic

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Storage for receiving the balancing body and the measurement of the displacement caused by the imbalance within its storage of the balancing body. As a result of this, an essential enrichment of the technology is achieved that with this balancing machine the effects can be recorded by means of both force and displacement measurement.

An advantageous embodiment of this balancing machine for one-plane balancing with a spindle carrying the balancing body, the displacement of the spindle is measured. Another advantageous embodiment for multi-level balancing consists in that the displacement of the balancing body shaft is measured in several planes. With a balancing machine for Multi-level balancing with the balancing bodies supporting rollers is one further embodiment of the invention characterized in that the displacement of the rollers is measured.

The hydrostatic bearing used in the balancing machine with pressure eye pockets, sliding surfaces, annular grooves and with these over Lines connected to the pressure oil tank is characterized in that the hydrostatic bearing is mounted in the pressure oil area Pressure measuring and / or control means connected to vibration measuring transducers are, and that via a multi-way valve arranged in the line between the pressurized oil container and the pressurized oil pockets, additional sliding surfaces arranged in the hydrostatic bearing can be supplied with pressurized oil.

An advantageous embodiment of this hydrostatic bearing is that by means of the pressure oil line closing, the balancing body in the radial direction touching spring-loaded balls controlled the pressure oil supply and the transient movement one of the balls controlling the pressure oil supply is connected to a vibration transducer via a connecting rod.

20 9 84 8 / OU 5 BAD ORIGINAL

A further embodiment consists in that a spring-loaded, longitudinally pierced piston depending on the static that occurs due to the radial displacement of the balancing body Pressure fluctuations relative to a measuring coil surrounding the pressure oil line is movable. A preferred embodiment of the hydrostatic storage consists in that in a pressure pocket of the hydrostatic bearing, a pressure cell is arranged. Further inventive embodiments consist in that the additional sliding surfaces that can be supplied with pressurized oil are arranged in a radial plane of the hydrostatic bearing; that the additional sliding surfaces that can be supplied with pressurized oil as cone ™ [! Leitflächen are formed and that the additional with pressure oil supplyable sliding surfaces are designed as double cone sliding surfaces.

The invention opens up new ways of determining unbalance and, at the same time, of holding it in the field of balancing of the balancing body trod to remove the unbalance. Based Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in the figures.

They show schematically:

Fig. 1 a The arrangement of a balancing body shaft in a balancing machine bearing according to the invention in cross section;

1 b shows an arrangement according to FIG. 1 a in longitudinal section;

1 c shows the pressure curve present in the axial direction within the storage according to the invention;

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Pig. 2 shows an embodiment of this bearing as a roller bearing for balancing bodies ;

Fig. 3> a preferred embodiment of the pressure oil supply and discharged when stored in accordance with Pig. 2;

Pig, 4 the arrangement of an agitator shaft in a Balancing machine bearing according to the invention with transmission device for determining the Imbalance effects;

FIG. 5 shows a further advantageous embodiment of a device according to FIG. 4j

6 shows a hydrostatic bearing according to the invention with additional sliding surfaces and pressure switching to fix the spindle ^

7 shows an embodiment of the invention

hydrostatic bearing as double cone bearing with pressure shut-off to fix the spindle.

According to FIG. 1 a, according to the invention, a cylindrical bearing point If of a balancing body, not shown, is mounted in a hydrostatic bearing 2 arranged on the substructure, not shown, of a balancing machine.

As a result of the increased pressure via the pressure lines 3 in the Pressure chambers 4 of the hydrostatic bearing 2 flowing fluid the cylindrical bearing point 1 of the balancing body is lifted from the sliding surfaces 5 of the hydrostatic bearing 2. Through this

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bearing gaps 6 arise between the sliding surfaces 5 of the hydrostatic bearing 2 and the cylindrical bearing point 1 of the balancing body, through which the fluid flows, and thus prevent contact between the cylindrical bearing point 1 of the balancing body and the sliding surfaces 5 of the hydrostatic bearing 2. In addition, 2 drainage grooves 7 are arranged in the hydrostatic bearing, through which the fluid via drainage pockets 8 (See Fig. Ib) without pressure from the hydrostatic bearing 2 into one supply, not shown, can flow from which the return of the fluid under pressure via the pressure lines 3 to the hydrostatic bearing 2 takes place. Any non-corrosive liquid, for example oil or gas, is suitable as a fluid.

The cylindrical bearing 1 is due to the constant pressure in the pressure chambers 4 and the hydrodynamic forces of the Fluid film created by the rotation of the sliding surface of the cylindrical bearing point 1 in the bearing gaps 6, in one Hovered state.

According to FIG. 1 c, the fluid pressure from the pressure chambers 4 in the direction of the drain pockets 8 increases linearly in the axial direction Zero off.

Due to the imbalance in the balancing body, it becomes cylindrical Bearing point 1 of the balancing body is deflected eccentrically to the sliding surfaces 5 of the hydrostatic bearing and it enters Circumferential pressure fluctuations occur with the rotational frequency of the balancing body.

The deflection of the cylindrical bearing point 1 of the balancing body from its zero position and the size of the deflection or the strength of the deflection impulse are a measure of the size of the balancing body contained imbalance. In addition, there is a direct angular relationship between the instantaneous deflection of the cylindrical bearing point

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Ι and the point of unbalance on the balancing body, so that according to the Invention by means of hydrostatic bearings, for receiving the balancing body and measuring the imbalance within it Storage caused displacement of the balancing body with further use of a known angular position encoder and by Vibration converter determines the unbalance of a body with the simplest means, accurately and without additional effort will. Here, the displacement of the cylindrical bearing point via the pressure wave acted upon by the rotating pressure wave can be at least a pressure chamber 4 arranged pressure measuring elements 9 or pressure measuring elements Io in the sliding surfaces 5 of the hydrostatic Bearing are arranged so that they do not affect the flow within the bearing gap 6, are included.

The cylindrical bearing point 1 can be an am Act balancing bodies arranged pins or with multi-level balancing for example around a shaft on which the balancing body is attached, or it can also be around the balancing spindle itself act, which at one end, for example, in wheel balancers carries the balancing body.

Further options for determining the size of the unbalance with the help the balancing machine according to the invention will be explained in the discussion of FIGS.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, a balancing machine according to the invention is shown in which, for each measuring plane, at least one of the roller assemblies 12 carrying the shaft journals Io of the balancing body 11 is designed as a hydrodynamic bearing. Here, the roller body Ij5 is designed as a stationary body, on the circumference of which pressure pockets 14 are arranged, which are supplied with pressure oil via Drucicölbohrungen 15, 16, Vf, 18, so that between roller ring 19 and roller body I ^ fluid gaps 2o arise through which the fluid can flow through the bores 21, 22, 23, 24 without pressure into a supply, not shown.

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Due to the primary balancing effects of the balancing body 11 set in rotation, the rotational frequency of the balancing body also occurs depending, in the fluid gaps 2o and the pressure pockets 14 revolving pressure fluctuations, the mitties Druckraeßglieder as described in FIG. 1, "can be measured" inventive way a pressure pocket 14 in a position to the balancing body 11 brought, as indicated by the arrow 26, it is also in the simplest form by defining the measuring direction the angular position of the unbalance on the balancing body can be determined if in a known way a zero position of the balancing body is determined by means of an angular position encoder or stroboscope «

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a mechanical scanning device according to the invention, which at the same time the Druekölzufuhr to the pressure chambers 4 according to FIG. 1 a or the pressure pockets according to FIGS. 2 and 3 controls «

The act of measuring the deflection of the cylindrical bearing parts 1 or the shaft journal Io and the simultaneous control of the Druekölzufuhr is using the example of a pressure chamber described.

A steel ball 27 via a spring-loaded transmission rod 28 of a vibration converter (not shown) in Contact with the surface 29 of the cylindrical bearing point 1 is maintained, closes at maximum deflection of the cylindrical Bearing 1 from the zero position a pressure oil inflow hole Jo to the pressure oil chamber 4. When the balancing body rotates, in Depending on the imbalance that occurs, the cylindrical bearing point deflected from its zero position. As a result, the vibration transducer contains by means of transmission rod 28 information about the size of the unbalance. At the same time, by changing the distance, the Steel ball 27 from the seat J51 of the pressure oil inflow bore Jq a

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Control of the pressure oil flow causes. This is, according to the invention causes a counterforce of the deflections caused by the imbalance.

Furthermore, with this preferred arrangement, there is constant wetting of the surface of the steel ball with pressurized oil liquid reached, so that a 'wear of the contacting surfaces is practically impossible. The two surfaces The separating oil film is only gradually displaced when the machine is at a standstill and remains constant during rotation Thickness, so that the reproducibility of measurement results is not called into question.

In FIG. 5, an arrangement according to the invention for contactless measurement of the imbalance effect is described using the example of an arrangement according to FIG. 1. In an inflow line 32 to the pressure chamber 4, a pierced axially movable piston 33 is arranged. This piston is supported by springs j54 on shoulders 35 of the inflow line 32. The piston 33 consists of magnetically conductive material and generates an electrical signal in a measuring coil j6 surrounding the inflow line according to its displacement in the axial direction caused by the imbalance, which can be used to determine the size of the imbalance contained in the balancing body »

In connection with an angular position encoder, the position and size of the unbalance can be determined in a surprisingly simple manner by means of a non-contact and therefore wear-free measurement. According to the invention, the sensitivity of this measuring device can advantageously be varied by means of a bore 37 formed in the piston 3 ^{and a throttle point 38 in the pressurized oil supply lines.}

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In a particularly advantageous manner, the inventive Balancing machine oei the removal of the imbalance in the balancing machine following the determination of the imbalance, according to position and size use without the expense of additional processing devices.

Furthermore, the balancing machine according to the invention can simultaneously be used as a machine tool on which the pre-processing of the balancing body is done without the risk of destruction more sensitive Measuring components such as pressure cells, throttle devices, sliding pistons, vibration transducers, and then the The balancing process consists of measuring the unbalance according to position and size and compensating for the unbalance.

In Pig. 6 and J , preferred embodiments of this embodiment of the invention are shown schematically.

According to FIG. 6, the unbalance spindle 39 is conical at one end and there is also conical at one end trained hydrostatic bearing 4o which corresponds in its structure to the hydrostatic bearing 2 described in Fig. 1, stored. The cylindrical part of the balancing spindle 39 has a Thrust ring 4l and is, depending on the use, for single or multi-level balancing stored in at least one further hydrostatic bearing 42, which in its configuration corresponds to that in FIG. 1 described corresponds to hydrostatic bearing. Furthermore, a hydraulically actuatable displacement device engages the balancing spindle 39 43 at.

By one in the pressure oil supply line for the two hydrostatic ones Bearings 4o and 42 and the displacement device 43 is a four-way valve 44 is arranged, which optionally supplies the two hydrostatic bearings 4o and 42 via the lines 45, 46, namely during the pre-processing of the balancing body and during the measurement of the unbalance according to position and size, and during the removal

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the imbalance via the line 47 the displacement device 43 including a ball bearing arranged in the displacement device 43, which displaces the balancing spindle 39 against the shoulder 4l, so that the conical part of the balancing spindle 39 on the conical Part of the hydrostatic bearing rests.

This is due to the large contact surface of the conical Share an immovable hold on each other during the unbalance compensation process reached without damaging the balancing spindle 39. For the sake of clarity, a recording 48 was made for one Balancing body, which is firmly connected to the balancing spindle, is only shown schematically.

In Fig. 7, the balancing spindle 39 carries a at one end Double cone 49. This double cone is an appropriately designed one Double-cone-like hydrostatic bearings 5o and 51 assigned, the lower conical part as a further measuring point 52 can be used to determine the unbalance size and angular position, especially for multi-level balancing. On the other end a bearing corresponding to the hydrostatic bearing 42 is arranged on the balancing spindle. The receptacle 48 for a balancing body is also shown only schematically as happened in FIG. 6.

Via a multi-way valve 53, lines 54, 55 * 56 during the measuring process, the hydrostatic bearing 42 and the double-cone-like bearing 51 are supplied with pressure oil, while during the equalizing process only one truncated cone of the double-cone-like bearing is supplied with pressurized oil to ensure that the balancing spindle is in contact 39 at the other truncated cone.

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209848 / 04t5 ORIGINAL BATHROOM

This arrangement advantageously converts the balancing machine according to the invention into a machine tool even when the balancing body is pre-machined ₃ in which perfect concentricity of the machine is achieved by regulating the pressure on the truncated cones of the double-cone-like hydrostatic bearing 51.

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Claims (11)

Patent claims: Balancing machine for luminous bodies with an angular position sensor for setting the unbalance angle position, characterized by the use of a hydrostatic bearing (2) for recording of the balancing body and the measurement of the caused by the imbalance within its storage (2) Displacement of the balancing body. 2. Balancing machine according to claim 1 for one plane drift with a spindle carrying the balancing body, characterized in that the displacement the spindle (39) is measured. 3. balancing machine according to claim 1 for multi-level balancing, characterized in that the displacement of the balancing body shaft in several planes is measured. 4. Balancing machine according to claim 1 for multi-level balancing with the balancing body supporting roles characterized in that the displacement of the Rolls (12) is measured. 5 · Hydrostatic storage for use after Claim 1 with pressure oil pockets, sliding surface ", Ring grooves and pressurized oil tanks connected to these via lines characterized by: that in the pressure oil area of the hydrostatic bearing (2) mounted pressure measuring and / or control means (9) are connected to vibration transducers, - 13 -20984 ff / O 415 and that via one in the line between pressure oil tank and pressure oil pockets arranged multi-way valve (53) additional sliding surfaces (51) arranged in the hydrostatic bearing with pressure oil can be supplied. 6.Hydrostatic bearing according to claim 5, characterized in that the pressure oil supply controlled by means of the pressure oil line closing the balancing body in the radial direction contacting spring-loaded balls (27) and the translational movement of one of the pressure oil supply control balls (27) via a connecting rod (28) connected to a vibration transducer. 7.Hydrostatic storage according to claim 5 and / or characterized in that a spring-loaded one arranged in a pressurized oil line to the pressurized oil pockets longitudinally pierced piston (33) as a function of the radial displacement of the Balancing body occurring static pressure fluctuations compared to the pressure oil line surrounding measuring coil (36) is movable. 8.Hydrostatic storage according to claim 5, characterized in that in a pressure pocket of the hydrostatic bearing a pressure cell (9) is arranged. 9. Hydrostatic storage after one or more of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the additional sliding surfaces which can be supplied with pressurized oil (51) are arranged in a radial plane of the hydrostatic bearing. - 14 209848 / Ο 415 2123508 4.173 10. Hydrostatic storage according to one or more of claims 5 to 9 thereby characterized in that the additional sliding surfaces which can be supplied with pressure oil as Conical sliding surfaces (51) are formed. 11. Hydrostatic storage according to one or more of claims 5 to Io thereby characterized in that the additional sliding surfaces which can be supplied with Druckol as Double cone sliding surfaces (51) are formed. 2098 48/0415 A ¹ S Blank page