DE2112067A1 - transformer - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS 2 I I 2067

DIPL.ING. H. LEINWEBER dipl-ing. H. ZIMMERMANN

8 Munich 2, Rosental 7, 2nd ed.

Part addr. lefnpat Munich phone (0811) 2603989

Postal check account: Munich 22045

the

Our sign

Lajos
S .angel es (Jalifüriiieii, JoiJ.

transformer
Addition au r "r tent. I ^J atentanmeldung P Yj 13 163. 6

JJie invention relates to a transformer with at least e ^ neiii active portion, heat is generated in the magnetic una by electrical energy losses, which active part exiie inner v / äz'mele.-structure tends to dissipate the heat from their site of ülrzeugun _o e .uior has transmission surface, una with at least one heat transfer _o ... with at least one part having an orientation axis, which part is divided into several zones along said axis. The heat dissipation device has at least one layer formed from a thermally conductive material, which connects the layer with the heat transferring surface, as well as a multiplicity of cooling ribs which protrude from the layer and within at least one of the zones are connected to the above-mentioned layer and. A i '"surface is delimited by free anterior and posterior overlays and a ^ h lateral in the' jesentlici.-jti ^ itaiia coinciding with the layer, with these surfaces

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protrudes from the transfer surface and substantially is parallel to the orientation axis and has a dimension between the leading and trailing edges in the Has the direction of this axis, which is less than a quarter of the dimension of the occupied by the heat dissipation device Area like to sasn in the same direction, after Patent (patent application P 19 13 163.6).

In such transformers there is still an undesirable property that the coolant temperature increases increases when the coolant moves along the coil surface, especially in channels in which no fresh coolant has access to the surfaces. The difference between the inlet and outlet temperature of the coolant can cover a considerable part of the permissible temperature gradient between ambient and mean coil temperature form. This temperature difference between inlet and outlet is very pronounced where wire-wound coil structures are used, insofar as such a coil structure no significant thermal conductivity in the axial direction between the turns as the locking effect of the wire insulation is significant in this direction.

It is also pointed out that because of the distance for cooling channels between winding sections in a conventional transformer normally before insufficient internal capacitance is available to produce a non-resonant winding to ensure. As a result, strong voltage surges that occur between winding sections can be damaged cause when light flashes or switching surges occur.

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Furthermore, the mechanical strength of coils of conventionally designed power transformers is considered to be Result of the gap or cooling channels somewhat limited. When a short circuit occurs, the winding conductors can extremely suffer great magnetic forces, which tend to bend the mechanically unsupported parts of the conductor. Because of this, conductors with satisfactory conductivity, such as aluminum, can be used in the construction of large transformers often not used because of their poor mechanical performance.

According to the present additional invention the heat dissipation layers are used to obtain significantly improved network transformers, which are generally by a substantial saving in weight and costs together with improvements in the structure and the electric iron

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distinguish shafts. So should the gap between the core and the coil structure and avoided between coil formation sections for generating cooling channels, which gaps increased dimensions for require a certain transformer size and therefore increased power loss. It should also be avoided that through the column resulting unsupported parts of the coil structure are obtained, which parts as a result of strong short circuits magnetic forces can be easily damaged. Also the harmful effects of the electrical properties caused by the gap, due to the damage caused by strong voltage surges between Coil layers can occur should be avoided. The heat dissipation body according to the invention is intended to provide a solid transformer structure can be obtained in which the mentioned gaps are "substantially eliminated.

In the following description, various exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are described are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a section of part of a coil structure with heat dissipation means;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a single phase transformer;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a three phase transformer;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a single phase transformer with a butt joint jacket core;

Fig. 5 is a section showing a transformer having

illustrates a core structure which is one of a section has existing low-voltage winding and a high-voltage winding consisting of two sections and with a temperature compensation heat dissipation arrangement is equipped;

Figure 6 is a sectional view of an enclosed, convection cooled embodiment;

FIG. 7 is an end view illustrating an alternative rib arrangement used in the embodiment of FIG closed transformer of Figures 6 and 17 is used;

1098427 fi ~ 2 8

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a manufacturing process illustrated for winding a section of bobbin;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing how a laminated core structure can be constructed;

Fig. 10 is a sectional view which further illustrates how a laminated core structure can be built up;

Figs. 11-13 are schematic representations which show indicate the relationship between core cross-sectional area and mean turn length of various core designs;

Fig. 14 is a plan view of a transformer coil with an alternative core design to allow the adaptation of the heat conducting body over longer parts of the core structure;

Figure 15 is a front view of the core of Figure 11 illustrating the manner in which a core structure is modified can be in order to enable a larger number of heat-conducting layers place in the window area;

Fig. 16 illustrates one way of constructing a leveling interlayer core assembly;

Fig. 17 is a sectional view illustrating a transformer using a core structure using the is constructed according to FIG. 16 and heat dissipation body between coil formations having;

Figure 18 is a schematic drawing illustrating an alternative core structure;

Fig. 19 shows a heat sink, the .in connection used with a disc-shaped coil formation;

Fig. 20 is a side view showing the manner in which the heat sinks of Fig. 19 are between the disc coil sections 19 are included,

Figure 21 illustrates an alternative arrangement to that shown in Figure 20;

Figure 22 illustrates a configuration of the cannula used for temperature equalization in disc-shaped coil formations will;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view, partly broken away View illustrating a suitable conductor arrangement for foil-like coils equipped with heat dissipators are;

Fig. 24 is a plan view showing the manner in which star connection can be implemented in a three-phase transformer cooled with heat sinks when the conductors are wide, and FIG

Fig. 25 is a plan view showing how a delta connection is used in a three-phase delta connected transformer can be realized with heat sinks if wide conductors are used.

1 illustrates a section of a coil structure without air gaps between the coil sections in order to reduce energy losses, dimensions and material costs. The elimination however, the air gaps, which normally act as cooling channels, require the installation of other heat dissipation devices. The coil structure of Fig. 1 forms a multilayer, wound structure, in which an insulating tape 101 around the leg of a Core (not shown) is wound, wherein the first winding layer 102 is wound around the tape 101. An insulating layer 103.1 is wound around the winding layer 10 2. As shown is a first heat dissipation layer 104 is applied to the layer 103.1, and a second layer 105 is applied to the layer 104. Each of the Layers 104 and 105 terminate in ribs that extend beyond the Spulenauf construction dimension. Stretch while winding the ribs are advantageously in the direction shown in Fig. 1 in dashed lines at 104.1 and 105.1. After the Aufwickeins the ribs are bent into the positions 104.2 and 105.2.

A normal insulating layer 103.2 is put around the heat dissipation layer 105, followed by a second layer of winding 1Q6. Another layer of insulation is put around the winding layer 106 wound, which is followed by heat dissipation layers 109 and 110. Additional Winding layers 107, 108, insulating layers and heat dissipation layers 111, 112 are applied in an appropriate sequence.

The heat dissipation layers are advantageously formed from relatively thick sheets of approximately 1 mm thick made of a non-magnetic material that conducts heat well, such as aluminum. It is of course desirable to incorporate a maximum amount of heat dissipation layer area into the coil structure and thus, as shown in FIG. 2, the heat dissipation layers advantageously surround the coil structure along its entire free surface (outside the core window area). In the case of a three-phase transformer, as shown in Fig. 3, it may be necessary to limit the heat dissipation layers to the free end portions of each coil formation.

Regardless of the size of the coil structure, which can be used to contain a heat dissipation layer, are in any case after completion of the winding process and removing the coil from the winding machine the continuous Strip, e.g. 105.3, of the heat dissipation layer connecting the outer ends of the ribs, so that groups of ribs are created containing e.g. 3 to 20 ribs. A smaller number of ribs are included in a group in which the The radius of curvature of the heat dissipation layers is smaller. Simultaneously with the cutting of the ribs into groups, the groups become the unbent ribs 104.1, 105.1, 110.1 (Fig. 17) as shown, in an approximately horizontal position 104.2, 10 5.2, 10 9.2, 110.2, 111.2, 112.2 curved. The ribs extend beyond the coil assembly; and expand, e.g. alternately as groups 10H.2 and 111.2, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, so that the maximum amount of heat transfer to a coolant flowing through is ensured and such that the fins present minimal resistance to coolant flow.

It should be noted that the coil structure of FIG. 17 is formed without the inclusion of any air gap or cooling channel. The coil structure thus forms a solid, solid unit that has significantly more mechanical strength than usual coil designs with cooling channels. It should also be noted that, as will be mentioned again below, as a result of the omission of internal cooling channels, the mean winding length of the windings is reduced, thereby reducing the material costs of the. Coil build-up as well as the energy losses within the coil build-up ? Λι "» γ-

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wrestle.

Reference is now made to FIG. H , which illustrates a single-phase transformer with butt joint jacket core 113, which has multiple gradations in cross section in order to fill out the x-uiide coil structure HU. The rib-shaped heat dissipators 115.1 and 115.2 widen over the main part of the circumference of the coil structure and lower the temperature of the hottest point 114.1 and HM.2 to near the mean temperature of the winding, as can be measured on the basis of the change in resistance of its conductor. Carriers 116 are equipped with a movable pressure plate 115.2 in order to exert a pressure on the abutting leg and yoke parts of the core structure.

Reference is now made to FIG. 5 which shows a coil formation illustrates that a low voltage winding with high Electricity, which is wound from a foil-like conductor in one section and a high voltage, low current winding which is wound in two sections, both windings are equipped with temperature compensation heat dissipation arrangements that are discussed in more detail below.

In Fig. 5, a first insulating layer 117 is wound around the core structure (not shown). One over the whole Wide, extending film layer 118 is wrapped around insulating layer 117. Similar to those described in connection with FIG Heat dissipation layers 119 are then used during fabrication introduced into the coil structure adjacent to the film layer, but isolated from it. The initial foil conductor 118.1 is shown in FIG shown in such a way that it trips from the coil structure under the) heat sink 119.1 runs. The end foil conductor 118.2 is thus illustrated that it starts from the coil structure in the window area.

The two coil sections 121 and 122 of the high-voltage winding are wound with a relatively short axial aluminum thread and with a layer length iMi that is graded against the top layer. The connection of the two portions forming the layer of the high orstc:;.. Pannungswi cklung as shown in Figure 5 veranrcl \\\ · · i eht, and this forms the beginning bolder in <nt y, Cmax} \ or, i A: [<. ν ^{1:. ;} ^ h-

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processing of wound sections. Thus, both end conductors 123. and 12H of the two high voltage windings are on the shortest top layer together with two taps 12 5. This arrangement facilitates the isolation of those connected to these terminals and taps High voltage conductor.

The heat dissipation arrangement of FIG. 5 uses the temperature equalization cooling principle. Especially with convection cooling with a relatively limited amount of coolant that runs along the cooling surfaces, as shown in FIG. 5 by ribs

119.1 and 119.2 for the low voltage winding and ribs 126.1 and 126.2 for the high voltage section 121 and ribs 127.1 and

127.2 are provided for the high-voltage section 12 2 the upper rib surfaces 11.9.2, 127.1 and 127.2 cooled with coolant, which is already preheated by the lower deflecting surfaces 119.1 and 126.1 and 12 6.2. Taking this preheating into account and in order to achieve uniform temperatures for both the upper and lower sections of the coil structure, a greater bet is to be made of heat dissipation surface area for the top of the coil structure present in order to preheat the coolant as a result of contact with the rib surfaces on the underside of the coil structure .compensate. That means that to ensure balanced-er Temperatures in Fig. 5, two rows of upper discharge ribs 119.2 are used, while only one row of lower discharge ribs 119.1 is used for cooling the low-voltage winding. In the same way, discharge ribs 127.1 and 127.2, each consisting of two rows of ribs, are provided for the upper high-voltage section 122, while the lower section 121 uses discharge bodies 12 6.1 and 126.2, each consisting of a series of ribs.

It should be noted that the foil turn of the low-voltage winding, which extends over the entire width also compensates for the non-uniform temperatures in the coil. That is, the film that is a bridge for them Forms heat transfer in an axial direction prevents the occurrence from considerable internal hot spots. In wire-wound coils, the hot spot is created a little above the horizontal one Frock level, because Uie axial heat transfer through the

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relatively small cross-sectional area of the wire-bent Coil embedded heat sink is limited.

In high-voltage coils, such as the sections 121 and FIG. 5, each heat deflector can advantageously be connected to the connection winding between the surrounding two layers as an overvoltage protection. This connection increases the internal capacitance between the winding layers so that a voltage surge easily passes through the winding without creating an excessive voltage gradient or oscillation. In this arrangement, a safety margin should be maintained between connected to different voltages in the winding rows of fins 12 8 who "- to what can be he _k ranges by using a comb-like insulating body 12 9 which is fixed to the ends of the rows of ribs. This should advantageously also be used on the rows of ribs 119.1 and 119.2 of the low-voltage winding, where all of the discharge bodies 119.1 and 119.2 can be connected to the neutral or other terminal of the low-voltage system. The role de :; comb-like body 129.2 consists in keeping the ribs away from their neighboring high-voltage ribs by maintaining the necessary air gap 130 between the rows of ribs of the high-voltage or low-voltage windings.

It should be noted that a tape-wound low-voltage winding combined with a slightly shorter wire-wound high-voltage winding of strong short-circuit Final resist without harm, can, even when they are poured out Aluminum conductors are built, which usually have poorer mechanical properties. As mentioned earlier, this is why strong short-circuit currents can be withstood without damage that, due to the lack of cooling channels in the coil structure, the entire coil structure is solid and no unsupported part is left which would be subjected to bending. The stretching force, which in the bandgewickol cen the low voltage part of the reel frame which occurs in Fig. 21 is well within mechanical performance the tape winding. The one in the wire-wound coil The compressive force generated can easily be withstood because of the solid construction of the bobbin, which prevents bending.

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Fig. 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a closed housing by convection cooled transformer using a pair of coils, as shown in FIG. Only one coil structure 131.1 can be seen, which is arranged on the core 131.2 of FIG. The visible coil structure has vertical heat dissipation layers, which are inserted between winding layers and horizontally directed Have ribs 132 which protrude from the coil formation. The transformer of Figure 6 uses a vertical heat sink 133 which is inserted between the coil formations in a manner better shown in FIG. How it further As shown in Fig. 6, heat sinks 134 are in communication with Fig. 1 previously described type on the adjacent inner and outer walls of the housing 135 in the form of inward, or outwardly extending ribs 134.1, 134.2 Partition 136 separates the transformer from the housing wall and attaches

em / convection flow path for the cooling medium fixed. The one in operation The cooling process occurring in the transformer of FIG. 6 has an inner and an outer circuit. The inner cycle is a closed loop. That is, when the transformer heats up, coolant begins to circulate along the arrows 137, runs along the discharge body 132, 133 and heats up while it withdraws heat. The flow path continues through the Conductor 134.1, where the worm content is applied to the outer V. ' 134.2 is transmitted through the wall 135. The coolant returns to the transformer behind the partition 136 along the arrows 137.1 return. The external cooling circuit is open and is determined by the flow of ambient air through the deflector 134.2, in order to extract the poor content from it. It should be noted that that the vertical heat dissipation body 133 of FIG. G can be designed in the same way as the dissipation bodies (e.g. 132, 134.1, etc.) that are used inside the coil label, except, that the one used between coil formations. Dissipation body 133 advantageous after twisting on the ribs to create a l'inkol from approximately US to the vertical. Lina still knows <- :; "- e: The ribs are arranged in advance in Fig. 7, in which

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vertical deflector plate on its outside by means of a suitable shearing tool is separated into vertical strips 133.1 and 133.2.

As already mentioned, heat transformers are advantageously built with internal heat dissipators and without internal cooling channels. The solid structure obtained in itself results in a substantial improvement in the thermal properties of the transformer. It is known that power transformers are often exposed to a highly variable load, which has a peak that lasts several hours every day. Most transformers work mostly during the day with a fraction of the peak _load} so that the temperature of the coil structure and core is kept well below their limit values. When the peak exposure occurs, the temperature of the coil structure begins to rise in accordance with the * ¹ -mixed time constant. The V.'ert the time constant is substantially proportional to the ¹ in the Wärmovorgang intricate mass and substantially in inverse proportion to the specific heat transfer of the mass be heated up. Therefore, coil structures that are built with channels between the coil parts and the core have very short time constants because they have a small mass and a large specific heat transfer. The temperature of the coil structure in conventional transformers therefore follows the load changes very quickly. If the coil formations in conventional transformers are exposed to sudden excessive loads, they tend to burn.

If the solid, channelless coil structure according to the invention is built so that it fits tightly onto the core, with negligible air gaps between them, which can be filled with impregnation varnish, the temperature change of the coil structure is significantly slower than with conventional coil structures with the same overload. The solid coil structure according to the invention, which is cooled with heat dissipators, tends to unite thermally with the core, especially when a rectangular coil shape is used. In this case, the coil structure can be brought into a good "heat-conducting relationship with the core R, incioni the: cut surfaces of the core lamellae close to the coil" -, ebivuJit.

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The core has much greater thermal conductivity parallel to the lamellas as perpendicular to it, if consequently the coil structure touches the core at the tendon surfaces, the core and the coil structure unite thermally so that when the coil structure begins to heat up, its heat content escapes into the core, which is a has specific heat storage capacity four to six times that of of the coil formation is.

To a thermally united core and coil structure U; to received, the coil should be wound with accurate dimension on its inner surface. Fig. 8 shows a simple approximation to achieve the required accuracy. Two jaws, their width is equal to one of the grain steel sheets, are in a normal lathe chuck clamped, which is attached to the spindle of the winding machine is. Both jaws can be adjusted using a calibration screw. The jaws have rounded corners and can be flat Support member 139 can be extended on the side regions of the coil structure. At the beginning of the winding process, the distance between the outer end faces 140.1 and IHO.2 of the jaws are slightly below tier intended stack height of the core can be adjusted. After applying of the necessary inner insulating layers, the first layer IUl of the Winding to be wound. Then the jaws 13 8.1 and 138.2 should be pushed apart according to the arrows 138.3, 138. U, to get the correct stack height, stretching the first layer. The rest of the winding should be adequate with — he's spinning be wrapped to form a dense structure even on the sides to ensure.

Coils, which are wound with an inner inner opening like the outer abrasion rings of the core, cannot over the leg oinr.i; assembled core in the usual way; ui ^{: been} pushed; therefore new; · procedures are needed to Ίχί- üu-rmisch unified core and fpul- .; ^ u: .- im :: ien ;; ul.r: uen. 9 vc-r ir. Illustrates: a method which; reed;.! 1 and cheap int. In din horizontal 1 i or end coil IMi were rncii LJ ..Π 'h rc η de'; schr: ut L- · ¹ · η St-ipels 1U3 ü-iicho]; lf-irr ^ ro Main :! ΊΗ4..1 a.,.; : "^ h- nk-J <; IuU!;, ■ - I - na c i.! tvvi." ·. f, '.- r »=: - i,"; t ? n i-.ir · -. \ n; ^r -. ·: <. c .. ι ir. Si-. ;; ί "i : -r \: i / ; ri 'dai.t

Main pile IMU up to the border line 1'Mt. 2 filled i ;; t. ^:) Io last sheets dee Haupts tapeIs may be used ground indi / in it matching about a pin ¹ Big bent v /, which is introduced into the lütte in the axial direction. The last sheet to be pressed in as a wedge along the arrow ΙΛ6.2 (Fig. 10) is the lower half IHG.L of the upper, narrower stack IHG, to which several additional sheets can be added in order to achieve the required density.

By avoiding the air gaps between the core and the coils that are usually present in ik tztransfci ::: ators, a reduction in the average winding length can be achieved, which enables a hexadecimal offset of the copper weight. A further reduction can be achieved by using the optimum dimensions of the rectangular core cross-sections. In cores made up of strips of two different widths VJ ₁ and W ₁ , and a gradation at their corners, as shown in FIG Gradation approximately j-'lü of the dimension W _r , the wider core width, where it is assumed that the corrugations R at cic-.i: corners are equal to the gradations. The width VJ _{9 of} the narrower Ke m ~ plate is in this case equal to 0.8 W _{T Λ} . The length of the Urafanr.ee

Lx

is 97.7% compared to a rectangular core of the same cross- cutting area.

When using three different Streifer.br; . .: 1 * s and zv / ei gradations in Kernschonkel as shown in Figure 12, the optimum radius R at the Kckii gIoich 0.215 .7 ^r _r, that a reduction in the length of the Urafanges 9 5,2t ^': i - in comparison " to that of the rectangular ^{core. The:} er'ifan widths for this sexton are: W,., - 0.874 W. ,, V / = 0.57 W; this means" ut: "t auc: h riie reduction U.:j£; V. 'heat transfer area :; "-'. wipe core imu '. {;. \ ι1-: ϊ to ''i \ in comparison to a core rf; with a t-r gradation.

Hei Bf: nut ".ung voii vi.fir v« ^j rsch I v: -do -. N «'. :'. L: i · I f tr. .Rr .: I t cn, t / it- · Ln Fi, '. 13 shown i .. ^: ; t :, ^: ■' ■ '., _V ~ >" ^! , ¹ ^ ^r · '.' ,, S-ii- - * ϊϊ. # Ϊ before; 1-; i ch - reduction de-r W-'ii · .c-'L.- ϊ K- ._. ;: r ^ _, I> er ■ ':; i. -.r.-; .n dos Fe '.- nirc! rJ: ker-r ..'-. r. "i *: ::. :: ■. f-Ί ί-i'-her = ^: -r =. i

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radius of 0.275 PY. . When the small gain in copper weight reduction compared to the inconvenience of the many different Stripe widths and the reduced heat transfer considered it is likely that for most applications the increase in the number of gradations of the core laminations over two is not justified. (The smallest circumference is 88.6% with a round Cross-section).

In the case of larger three-phase transformers, it is necessary to adapt internal heat dissipation bodies to longer parts of the circumference of the coils. This expansion of the heat dissipation area can be achieved by providing the core leg cross section with narrower stacks at both end areas of the leg, as shown in FIGS. 1 1 and 15. The main part of the core li} 7 is made up of strips which have the direction A and is supplemented with extension stacks 148, 149 and 150 at both ends with strip widths B ₅ C and D, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 14, In order to wind the bobbin matching the elongated core, jaws 151 with jaws 152 and 153 (as shown in the upper part of FIG. 14) can be mounted on the same lathe chucks described in connection with FIG. Heat dissipation layers 154, 155 and 156 can be adjusted over the coil in the window area by bringing the narrower yoke sheet stacks 148.1, 149.1 and 150.1 away from the window into alignment with the outer top or bottom of the core, as shown in FIG. 15. If necessary, the stack 148.1 can be shifted even further in order to provide more clearance in the window area for dissipation ribs Has clearance b ¹ from the stack 148.1 in the window area in order to obtain the necessary circulation of the coolant.

Cores constructed to fit tightly into precisely wound bobbins such as those described in connection with FIGS As shown in Fig. 18. Further

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can provide economic and technical benefits by using Butt joint or leveling butt joint layer cores can be achieved the. Figure 16, Part A illustrates an example embodiment. Between two stacks of legs 157 are of full width two short stacks of yokes 158 arranged with butt joints ... narrower ones Leg stacks 159 are connected to correspondingly dimensioned, narrower yoke stacks 160. The core can be built entirely with butt joints by assembling it most expediently with horizontally lying legs, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. Once the assembly is complete, the best way to remove the gaps in the butt joints is to rotate the unit so that the legs are horizontal j the yoke, however, is vertical, then the Excite the core towards the highest flux, then the magnetic forces to cause the air gaps to close by loosening the carrier and applying mechanical blows with a hammer or vibrator conclude. When the excitation current reaches its minimum, this indicates that the air gaps are already closed and the brackets are screwed tight can be. To secure the legs in this position, holes 161 can be drilled into the core and through the brackets tightly fitting pins are driven into the holes. Another The way to secure the legs in position is to fix the carriers with movable pressure plates 116.1 and fixed plates 116.2 to oversee, as described in connection with FIG.

Another way to get the thighs in place too h is to stack sheet metal shapes A with shapes B in FIG. The nesting can be unsymmetrical, e.g. after applying uniform stacks of 1.5 to 2 cm of shape A, all around, single sheets or several sheets according to form B, etc. According to another type of design can stacks of butt joint core parts of the same size. alternately from form A and B can be applied repeatedly.

The latter embodiment has a particular advantage: if flow is excited in the loose core, the stacks of leg sheets can 157 of shape A do not move closer to one another because the stacks of Jachblech 158 hold them away. Layered one inside the other alternate stacks of leg sheets 162 from the mold

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B can and will be under the influence of 'magnetic forces move horizontally against each other as shown in FIG. This movement is due to the clearance in the opening of the coils, 163 ″, which results in a position in which leg sheet stacks 157 of shape A against the outside of the coils 163 are pressed while the members 162 of the form B are pressed against the window sides of the coils 163, as indicated by the arrows. The same freedom of movement exists in vertical rieh-, device for die'Jochblechteile 158 and 160 of form A; these parts of the ■ Yoke plates try to move into the window area and firmly grasp the coil both from above and below. This phenomenon automatically corrects any loose contact between Coils and core without the need to press in wedges; the tightness of the unit has a damping effect on the through magnetic vibrations created by the flux in the core,

If heat sinks 164 lying in a vertical plane are used between coils 163 (also used as dissipator 133 in FIG. 6 and shown in detail in FIG. 7), it is necessary to compress the coils in order to have a good heat transfer path against the flat part of the Coils 163 to ensure. If the core shapes 16 5.1, 16 5.2, which are cut in the usual way and shown in FIG. 18, alternate in relatively large %. Stacks are stacked (eg first 1.5 to 2 cm stacks of the form A of FIG. 18, then stacks of the same size of the form B etc., all with butt joints within the stack) the core can itself against the window 166 from all condense four directions when the loosely stacked core 165.1, 165.2 receives the entire flux after applying the necessary voltage to the terminals of the coils. Both parts A and B of the core have freedom under the influence of the flux in the areas indicated by arrows indicated directions, pulling both window dimensions together until the coils are under high pressure, including the diverter 164 between them. This position can be maintained by simply screwing the core bolts between the beams while the flow is still on.

19, 20 and 21 illustrate a disc or

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Flat winding, which is used in larger power transformers and with an embodiment of the heat sink according to the invention. · is equipped. The turns 169 of a disc winding are arranged over a fixed insulating tube 168. · Between two loaded ' A prefabricated strip of heat sink 170 is wrapped around adjacent disks. Two versions are shown: The first is shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the second in FIGS. 19 and 21. . . ■

Both versions of the drainage strip 170 are prefabricated in a stepped shape in which a continuous strip 171 is bent up on the outside, a tapering narrow part 17 2 of the aluminum sheet is punched out and ribs 17 3 k be sheared and twisted. The wedge-shaped elements of the drainage strip of the second embodiment in Fig. 21 have a double curvature 17U between their flat ones. Part 175 and its ribs 173. Both versions of the discharge strips 170 are advantageously covered with an insulating film. Their flat parts 17 5 are narrow enough to to prevent excessive eddy currents. The lower part 176 of the strip 170 is subsequently cut off so that wedge-shaped flat parts 17 5 with such a radial dimension remain which matches the radial dimension of the winding ..

If the discharge strip is used between two discs, it can match the curvature of the disc winding up to one follow maximum curvature, like. is shown in Fig. 19 at the parts 177 when there is no more clearance between the flat parts 17 5 is available. If more curved washers are also used, thicker tapering parts 17 2 should be punched out. With two or three differently tapering cutouts 17 2, the entire range of curvatures used can be occupied. When strips of If larger cutouts 172 are used in less curved disks, the heat transfer of the lower part of the disks suffers something in that this is only in partial contact with the heat dissipation. guide body stands.

The best practice is to remove the coated heat sinks electrically 'with the first turn of the disc closed'

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connect and leave a sufficient gap between the two ends, in order not to generate a short-circuit winding. The necessary. < .electrical insulation 178, 178.1 can be cut out of solid insulating material, or it can be made as a sufficiently thick coating be applied to the flat portion 175 of the dissipator. at the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 21, where double diverting bodies are used between two panes, the thick insulation layer 178.1 should be between the two heat-absorbing bodies, which leaves the heat transfer between the disc winding 169 and the dissipation parts 175 unimpeded. The beginnings of the 'two stripes should be connected to the initial turn of the disc winding. With this arrangement, the presence of the connected increases Heat dissipation strips · the internal capacitance between panes significantly. Consequently, any high voltage surge will find the occurs at the terminals of the coil, a slight passage through the internal capacitance. Consequently, the coil has due to the strong through the diverting bodies produced a non-vibrating shock shield • Characteristic.

If a large number of turns with diverters are applied along the leg, the coolant is heated and the upper areas of the winding have a higher Temperature rise. To compensate for this, or to equalize the temperature, it is usually desirable to have more discharge bodies to use coil sections lying in higher regions, as described earlier in connection with FIG. This principle can be adapted to disc-shaped windings by, for example, using the simple arrangement illustrated in FIG Areas of the winding is used ^ while the double dissipator 21 in the middle areas and triple discharge bodies in higher areas are used, in which the Fig. 20 are combined with FIG.

Another way of balancing the temperatures between higher and lower ranges is to use an essential one Prevent the coolant from heating up by dividing it into channels and allowing fresh coolant to access higher areas admit. An example embodiment of this purpose

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109842/1128

ning channels in connection with disc-shaped windings is shown in Fig. 22, in which two stacks of disc-shaped Windings 181, 18 2 applied sirid via an insulating tube 18Q. A lower stack 181 and an upper stack 18 2 are both provided with intermediate layers of discharge strips 183.1 and 183.2, respectively. There is a gap 148 between the top and bottom stacks, in order to accommodate a special partition wall, along the Arrow 185 directs away from the spool as it allows the fresh coolant 186 to enter between channels 187. Similar Partition walls can also be used with other arrangements, e.g. between heat sinks 127.1 and 127.2 in Fig. 5, etc.

Larger transformers have high currents in their low voltage windings, and if the end conductor of such a winding is led out at the end part of a winding wound in the usual way, a considerable part of the otherwise useful rib area is lost. To avoid this difficulty, end conductors can be led out on the sides of the window where there are no ribs; Such a procedure is particularly easy if a foil conductor is used on the low-voltage side, as shown in FIG. 23. On the winding 188, the initial foil conductor 189 is designed as an outwardly folded extension of the first layer of the coil, which runs under all heat dissipating bodies 19 0. The end conductor 191 of the same winding can be led out on the side i by the film as required up or down ⁽¹⁹²⁾ is folded. The winding 18 8 can be the entire low-voltage winding, or only a part thereof; other parts can be arranged on: the same leg above or below the winding 188 and connected to it in the window before the leg plates are stacked into the windings. In multi-leg designs, the other parts of the winding are on the next leg as shown in Figs. Either triangular and star connections for three-phase units or series and parallel connections for single-phase units can be made in the window without affecting the heat dissipation bodies at the ends of the windings. To

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f * - ■

24 begins three windings A, B and C with ^{initial conductors 193 led out from under the discharge elements 19 1} I; the end conductor 196 on the leg A is led out into the window and connected to the last turn of the coil B, the end conductor 196 of which in turn is connected to the coil C in the other window; the end conductor of coil C can easily be fed as a neutral conductor to the three-phase star connection of the terminal block. In single-phase units that only have legs A and B, the connection leads to a series connection with the center tap 195, which is accessible if necessary. Nonetheless, a series-parallel connection is also possible, in which all four conductors are led to the terminal strip. - '·:

In Fig. 25 a triangle connection is illustrated. The Starting conductors, such as 198 on leg A, are above the heat conductors 199 ". The end conductor 200 of the coil A is in led out the window; in the same way is a. Foil tap ladder 201 of the first turn of the coil B led out adjacent to the conductor 200; , These conductors can be conveniently connected to one another in the window area. In the same way, the End conductor 20 2 of the coil B led out into the other window and suitably connected to the tap 203, which is led out of the first turn of the coil C. The end conductor 204 the coil C can be connected with an outer bridging conductor 20 5 with the initial conductor 19 8 of the coil A, whereby the Delta connection is completed without any interference takes place between conductors and heat dissipators. In in the same way, a parallel connection can be created in a single-phase unit with only coils A and B, which the Connects conductors 200 and 201 and 202 to 198.

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Claims (7)

Patent claims: 1. Trunctions creators are at least one active part, in which heat is generated by electrical and magnetic energy losses, which active part has an internal heat-conducting structure for the derivation of the variae from the point of their suction to a transmission area, and there are no thermal problems at all a part having an axis of orientation, which part is divided into very large zones along the said axis, the kiärseableltsisrlchtung being at least one layer formed from a material capable of rolling, further means which mechanically connect the layer old to the era transmission surface, as well as a Yielsahl of cooling ribs, which protrude from the layer and are thermally connected within the luaindeat of one of the zones in each case sit of the said layer and have a surface that is delimited by free front and rear edges and a laterally substantially coinciding bend with the layer, being this surface protrudes from the transfer surface and runs essentially parallel to SU of the orientation axis and has a dimension between the front and rear hands in the direction of this axis which is less than a quarter of the extent of that taken up by the urea drainage device Area, measured in the same sighting, according to patent (Patent application P 19 13 165.6), in which · »the active part a winding formed with first and second winding * « -21- 109842/1128 stratification is characterized by a multitude of strata (119) of the thermal insulation device, τοπ each of which stands over at least one dimension of the winding structure, wherein each of the gate-standing parts has cooling fins that protrude from part and lings of the axis mentioned in separate Zones (119.1, 119.2, 126.1, 126.2, 127.1, 127.2) subordinate against one end of the axis su a larger number of tone zones (119 * 2, 127.1, 127.2) than against the other Knde do Torhanden is. 2. Tranöforaator according to claim 1, characterized by a strip (105.3, 171) from a Haterlal, the old den outer ends of a group of ribs consists of one piece, or is echanically davit terbunden. 3. Transformer according to claim 1, characterized ^ ekennaeichnet that the Wicklucgsgebilde is a Hlederapannungswick, dio through an old interim heat dissipation (119) Tersehen film (118) is formed, and * has a high voltage winding (121, 122) which is wound around the Kialer voltage winding and is isolated from it, which high-voltage winding is formed from a plurality of τοη wire layers, which decrease in the axial direction old sunehaendea distance τοη of the Kledera voltage winding. 4. Transfer gate according to claim 1, characterized by a small isolating member (129.1, 129.2) attached to the outer surface of the ribs in different zones, among other things, keep them at a distance. -22- 1098i2 / 112fl 2 Π 2067 IH 5. Transfora »tor according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal conductive layer is aechanlsch old at least one side of a transformer thorax (135) connected is. 6 * Transformer according to claim 1, characterized by a Kemgeblide (113, 131.2, 144, 147) old ei & ea Legs of the essentially rectangular cross-section old corners, which are gradually exhausted, including a round one To approximate the Uaranduog curve by a nehrechichtigea spuli formed (114, 131.1, 142), which has an inner coil layer (102), which over the Kemgebiideohenkel without any significant gap is wound in between, among other things, so as to thermally unite the core structure and the inner coil layer, which coil structure additional coil & layers (106, 107, 108) which one after the other, among other things, the Inner Spuienachlcht are wrapped without a significant gap between them, so as to the Cerngebllde and unite the whole coil structure thermally su, and through a plurality of Yäreaableltschtten (104, * 105, 109, 110, 111, 112), which all layers of the coil structure are wiped out and protrude over a dimension of the same. 7. TranAraator according to claim 6, characterized in that that the protruding part of the tfttraeableltschloht as a number of protruding cooling fins (104.2, 105.2, 109.2, 110.2, 111.2, 112.2) formed let. 109842/1124