DE2059837A1 - Liquid pumping device that can be switched off by gas volume - Google Patents

Description

S16 P3 D

HOBERT F. SHAW, San Francisco / Calif., USA

Liquid pump rox direction that can be deactivated by gas volume

Priority: December 5, 1969, USA _; Ser. No. 882,489

Starting point of the invention;

Certain known liquid pumping devices have become particular designed to introduce measured amounts of fluid into a patient's vein or artery ", The However, applicability of these pumping devices is generally limited by the dubious disadvantage that both Gas or odor as well as liquid in the vein or A patient's artery, for example, can then be pumped in can when the bottle or other liquid storage container is empty and the system with air fills. It is therefore necessary that the pumping device and the liquid supply are monitored frequently in order to to avoid air entering the patient's vasculature

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is pumped. This inherently dangerous working method is thus expensive to use and it arises a not completely satisfactory way of working.

Summary of the invention:

According to the present invention, a pump device is provided to be in the vasculature of a patient by a to introduce measured quantities of liquid in an inevitable stroke, this pumping device has a special protection against the introduction of gas or air, The pumping device according to the invention comprises a pumping chamber which has a residual volume which is many times larger than the stroke or displacement volume, and the device has a biased discharge valve which is shown in the lowest area of the remaining volume is arranged. By carefully choosing those in relationship with one another standing values for the displacement volume, the remaining volume and the bias of the exhaust valve ensures that the present pumping device selectively except Operation is set so that it does not pump liquid when there is a predetermined gas or in the pump chamber Air volume is »

P In the following the invention will be described in more detail with reference to in Preferred embodiments shown in the drawing explained. In the drawing show:

1 shows an illustration of the pumping device according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the displaced liquid, the volume

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of trapped air in units of displacement and there is shown the bias applied to the outlet valve in the pumping device shown in FIG acts;

Pig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the liquid pressure and the volume of trapped gas in units of the displacement volume during the operation of that shown in FIG Pumping device is shown;

Fig. 4 is a section through an electromagnetically operated Piston pumping device according to the present invention;

5 shows a section through a peristaltic or worm-shaped or roller-shaped pumping device according to the present invention; and

6 shows a section through a mechanically operated bellows pump device according to the present invention.

Description of preferred embodiments:

In Fig. 1 a simplified pictorial representation of the pumping device according to the invention is shown. It is usual, indicate the volume of the pump chamber 9 in units of the stroke or displacement volume of the piston 11. Accordingly It should be assumed for the purpose of explanation that the pumping chamber comprises one, two or more units of the displacement volume 13. The pumping chamber contains a Outlet valve 15 which is biased so that no liquid flows out below a selected liquid pressure, and an inlet device 17 is provided,

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The liquid will pass through the chamber 9 under the piston can when the piston 11 is in its maximum position before a pump stroke. A reserve chamber 19 Above the piston 11 is with the inlet device via a Opening 21 coupled and it thus serves as a liquid reservoir and as a collecting space for air or gas bubbles, which is to be described further below. The piston 11 and the inlet device 17 thus interact with one another together that there is a pressure equilibrium between the pump chamber 9 and the reserve chamber 19 between the individual Can adjust pump strokes.

"For the purpose of explaining how the system works the case should be assumed that the pumping chamber 9 has a volume of only one unit of the displacement volume 13 (i.e., that the outlet valve 15 is in the Height 12 arranged is "t ^. In this embodiment, with a downward movement of the piston 11 by one unit of the displacement volume, so that it reaches its lowest position at level 12, potentially infinite large liquid pressure is created in the chamber, and no residual volume remains in the chamber itself. This embodiment is ideal for an effective and precise pumping process of known liquid volumes.

h , however, in such a pumping operation, both liquid and gas or air contained in the chamber volume 13 can unfortunately be pumped.

Another situation arises, however, if the pumping chamber is enlarged so that it has a considerable residual volume contains. Under these conditions, if a mixture of liquid and gas is present, the pumped one will hang Amount of liquid depends on the preload that is applied to the outlet

1 0 9 8 2 5/1 3 S 3 bad original

release valve 15 is located. It will under these circumstances, as shown in the graph in Pig. 2 is shown, when no air is trapped in the chamber 9, then a liquid volume is pumped per working stroke of the piston which corresponds to a displacement volume 23, which is essentially independent of the bias on the outlet valve. If, however, there is trapped in chamber, the volume of liquid displaced from the chamber on each piston stroke is less than one unit of displacement; the actual volume is a function of both the volume of trapped gas and the bias applied to the exhaust valve, as can be seen from the graph of FIG.

Fig. 2 shows that the liquid pumping device is out of order is set when the captured gas volume is 2, 2.5 »4 and 6x as large as the stroke volume, if the corresponding pre-pressure, which is provided at the outlet valve 15 becomes, corresponding to 1.05; 0.7 »0.35 or» 0.21 kg / cm.

Daesin terms of a safe operation of the present The pumping device desired in medical applications is to ensure that only liquid and no air trapped in the chamber 9 can be pumped, one could conclude from this that the bias voltage provided on the outlet valve is selected as high as possible v / should be grounded to ensure that the pumping mechanism works even with small air bubbles in the Liquid chamber 9 are trapped, is put out of operation. From the graph shown in FIG however, it can be seen that the larger the value, the more the pump accuracy and the pump efficiency decrease is chosen for the preload on the exhaust valve

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is when air or gas volumes are trapped in the pump chamber 9, through which the pumping device cannot be put out of operation To bring a value at which the bias voltage at the outlet valve 15 exceeded v / ird, while liquid is displaced from the chamber 9 through the outlet valve 15 only by the remaining part of the piston stroke volume. Thus, the bias on the exhaust valve 15 should be sufficiently high to the pump device out of operation / ^ u K when a certain volume of gas is in the pump chamber 9, and the bias should not be higher than necessary, since under the system accuracy suffers.

There is a minimal preload for the exhaust valve 15 to be overcome, and this value is determined by the Determines the height above the outlet valve in which the liquid reservoir is located possibly located. Since the present invention is used in conjunction with a ^ tab or another liquid storage container can be used, which can be hung over the patient, so ^ the resulting fluid pressure at the outlet ' valve 15 are overcome to ensure a continuous outflow of the liquid through the pumping chamber 9 and the To prevent valve 15 between the pumping strokes under the influence of the resulting fluid pressure. It is extremely unlikely that a supply bottle would be more than 1.8 to 2.4 meters above the outlet valve 15 (which corresponds to a liquid pressure of approximately 0.21 to 0.28 kg / cm), which is why a preload of un-

about 0.21 to 0.28 kg / cm is an acceptable minimum value for the preload applied to the exhaust valve

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must be provided when initiating the device a parenteral fluid is to be used. In actual operation, a preload of approximately 0.35 kg / cm is a well-chosen one for this type of application Value because this value provides a suitable safety factor in operation, which is sufficient even when valve springs or the like, by which the preload is adjusted, should be softened or initially under should be their intended value.

In the graph the Pig. 3 is a family of curves of the liquid pressure in the pumping chamber 9 as a puncture of the number of units of the volume of gas or air trapped in the chamber 9, expressed in units the piston displacement volume. The liquid pressure in the chamber 9 can never exceed the value of the preload which is provided on the outlet valve 15. For the reasons explained above, the value for the Preload in the graph of FIG. 3 by 0.35 kg / cm (adjusted pressure) above atmospheric pressure. From the graphical representation of FIG. 3 it can thus be read that when trapped in the pumping chamber 9 a volume of gas is, which is equal to the piston displacement volume, approximately a quarter of the displacement volume 22 is required for this is to compress the gas to such an extent that the outlet bias is achieved, and the volume 26 pumped by the pump is then approximately 3/4 of the piston displacement. When the volume of trapped gas is twice the piston displacement, thus the pumped volume 25 is approximately half the piston displacement volume. When the volume of the prisoner Gas is three times the piston displacement, the pumped volume 29 is approximately 1/4 of the

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Piston displacement. However, if the volume of the trapped gas is four times as large as the piston displacement volume, no volume is pumped to increase without this pressure exceeding the preload. The pumping device according to the invention, which works with a pre-tension on the outlet valve of 0.35 kg / cm adjusted pressure and has a chamber volume 13 > 24, 27> 28, which is at least four times as large as the unit of displacement volume, can therefore no longer liquid pump when the volume of trapped gas or air in the chamber is approximately equal to the total volume of the chamber 9 (doh. four times the piston displacement volume). From the graphs of FIGS. 2 and 3 it can be seen that other values for the preload at the outlet valve and for the number of displacement units of the remaining volume can be used in the pump device according to the invention, which can no longer pump liquid when in a certain volume of gas is located in the chamber. In order to enable safe operation, the pimping device according to the invention can then comprise a residual volume which is at least one additional unit of the displacement volume greater than is minimally required for a displacement volume in order to achieve a fluid pressure (i.e. when gas is present in the chamber 9 ) to generate, which is approximately equal to the value of the preload that is provided on the outlet valve 15. The outlet valve 15 should be arranged in the lowermost region of the remaining volume (if the chamber 9 is oriented essentially vertically) in order to ensure that the outlet valve 15 is always in the liquid phase in the chamber 9. If for practical reasons

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205983?

a gas volume of approximately 4 units of the displacement volume requires too large a residual volume in the chamber 9 in order to avoid that the present device Air piimpts, so the bias applied to the exhaust valve 15 is intended to be increased «. As can be seen from the graphic representations of Figures 2 and 3, takes the gas volume in the chamber 9, at which the present The device can no longer pump liquid when the preload on the outlet valve 15 is increased »

In Fig. 4 is a section through a handy sleeve-shaped Pump according to the present invention shown. . (In this embodiment, the outer case comprises 61 a reservoir or bladder chamber 63, the chamber 65, the pump actuator and the return spring contains, the piston chamber 67, which the displacement volume determined, the chamber of the remaining volume 69 and the chamber 71 in which the outlet valve is arranged. These chambers are all along the direction of liquid flow through the pumping device essentially in the order mentioned arranged.

The piston 73 consists of a conventional, provided with a flexible edge the cup-shaped piston which λ is a very short distance (which typically consists of a few thousandths of an inch), moved into the longitudinal direction in the piston chamber 67 when processing the Kolbenbetätigungsvorrich "an electromagnetic force is exercised. This actuator comprises a plate 75 of magnetic material attached to (and preferably enclosed within) a plunger drive device 77 made of plastic or other non-magnetic material. This piston drive device, which is coupled to the piston 73, is in the outer housing 61

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- ίο -

and is held by a spring 81 against stops 79 at the upper end of its path of movement. The plate 75 and the piston drive device 77 with the piston 73 attached thereto are operated together by the electromagnet 83 pulled downwards, which is located under the plate 75 around the housing 61, when the electromagnet is excited by electrical pulses from source 85 at a preselected repetition rate.

Liquid flows into the upper end of the bubble chamber 63 from the drip chamber 35 and then essentially axially through openings 86 in the piston drive device 77 through to the top of the piston 73. Due to longitudinal openings in the cylinder wall of the outer housing 61 are cut in the vicinity of the piston 73 in its uppermost position, liquid can around the Piston around before a pump stroke and flow into the pump chamber 67, 69. As soon as the piston 73 is from its topmost position moved downwards, these openings are closed, so that the volume of displaced liquid from the Pump chamber during a pump stroke only through the outlet valve 72 can drain. Suitable devices can be provided in the lower chamber 71 of the outer housing.

^ be seen to "let out" trapped gas from the chamber, before the pumping device is put into operation. For example, the lowermost part 78 of the housing in axial or Designed to be longitudinally displaceable and be biased upward against the stop 74 by springs when the housing part 78 is manually moved downwards against the return force exerted by the spring 76, is pressed, the force of the exhaust valve spring 72 is reduced or switched off, whereby air through the exhaust valve

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til can "flow away". When the housing part is released again, this housing part 78 is through again the return spring 76 is pressed against the stop 74, whereby the correct preload is built up again, which is necessary for the Outlet valve 72 is provided "

Such factors as the displacement volume, the residual volume 69 and the bias for an outflow can be determined in the manner as described above with reference to FIG Jig, 1 and the graphical representations 2 and 3 described became. In addition, the volume of the chamber 63 can be so be chosen to be larger than the total volume of the pump chamber so that gas trapped therein can pass through the openings 87 can escape back again so that it collects in a harmless manner in the chamber 63, This chamber also forms an ample liquid reservoir under the drip chamber 35, so that the device still continues to work normally for a reasonably long period of time after the hydration is off the reservoir 33 has stopped.

In Fig. 5 is an embodiment of the invention Pump device shown operating in a peristaltic manner to pump liquid only. This embodiment of the device according to the invention comprises a piece of flexible tube 31 which carries a fluid line from the storage container 33 and the conventional drip chamber 35 to the hollow needle or catheter 37, which is shown in located in a vein or artery of the patient. The pump contains an anvil or baffle 39 »the one side of the tube 31 is arranged, and which has a fixed part 41 and a valve body part 43. A plurality of arms 47 are provided on a rotatable roller carrier or runner 45, each of which is at its end

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carries a roller 49 to come into engagement with the tube 31 and to squeeze this tube against the stator 41 so as to that the pipe is closed. The angular The distance between the arms 47 of the rotor 45 is greater than the opposite angle formed by the curved surface of the Stator 41 is formed. This ensures that the chamber part of the tube 31> which extends from the exhaust valve 48 to the upper edge 50 of the stator 41, is vented to the fluid pressure from reservoir 33 prior to each pumping cycle. When the rotor turns 45 by a suitable device (e.g. a variable-speed, spring-driven one or battery-operated motor) is thus caused that a roller 47 squeezes the tube 31 and thereby the amount of fluid displaced, which is only in the piece of the pipe 31 is included, which rests against the curved surface of the stator 41. The remaining piece of the - "ear 31» that between the lower edge 52 of the stator 41 and the outlet valve 48 serves as the residual volume of the pump chamber, running through the entire length of the ^ ear 31 from the upper Edge 50 up to the outlet valve 48 is formed. This Residual volume (or, more usually, this residual length over which the pipe 31 has a known internal diameter) can thus be selected according to the same considerations as them

W above based on the * ig. 1 and the graphs of the ^ ¹ Ig. 2 and 3, the output of the outlet bias is determined by the spring 54 which overcomes the resilience of the tube 31 and squeezes the tube against the valve body 43 so that it is closed. In order to be able to visually and conveniently monitor the pumping speed at the same time, the volume displaced with each pump stroke is preferably chosen so that it is approximately equal to the volume of a drop of the liquid to be pumped

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(approximately 1/10 to 1/50 cbcm) so that based on the dropping speed, as can be observed in the drop chamber 35, a quick indication of the liquid volume that is pumped per unit of time,

In this and other practical embodiments of the present invention, since the pumping device is designed to stop pumping liquid when there is gas in the pumping chamber, it is necessary to vent gas that may have accumulated in the chamber when the Pump is initially started. A convenient method which can be applied, simply is to put the exhaust valve 48 at the start out of operation (which may be done by for example, that the! Spring force is turned off, the ear, the ^K 31 so squeezes that this is closed) bo that the entire line from the reservoir 33 to the catheter 37 can be filled with liquid. For this purpose, a pressure relief button 56, which is pretensioned by a spring against the baffle 39, can be temporarily withdrawn from its normal position against a stop 57, -to switch off the spring force and thereby allow the air to flow out of the system. The pressure relief button 56 is biased against the stop 57 by a leather to ensure that the outlet valve 48 is properly re-adjusted when the pressure relief button 56 is released after the "bleeding" of air is complete. In addition, in the case of a pump device with an essentially axially symmetrical design, such as that shown in FIGS ?. ¹ Pre-tensioning exhaust valve not working after a "discharge" process

BADORIGfNAL

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suitable sitting ₀ Especially the part of the outer housing which surrounds the outlet valve may include a non-aligned Mhrungsstift or spigots, or it may generally comprise a modified outer shape or dimensions when the biased outlet valve is not seated properly again, so that the pumping device not in which a reference base 66 can be set with respect to the pump actuating device is in operation, as is the Pail, for example, in the embodiment shown in Pig x 4 embodiment, in a fixed relation to and spaced from the upper end of the coil 83rd

In Fig. 6 is a section through a further embodiment of a freely available, sleeve-shaped pump device shown in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, the outer housing 91 contains a pumping chamber 93 "which has flexible chamber walls 95" In this embodiment the friction and abrasion are as they are with moving piston parts occur switched off, and the pump stroke can be generated by opening the chamber is compressed approximately in the axial or longitudinal direction to change their volume.

It can have appropriate facilities, such as one with mutable Speed engine, spring powered or battery powered, be used to generate the compression force acting in the axial direction, which is required to achieve a small decrease (the tv typically at a few thousandths of a second of an inch) in the longitudinal framing of chamber 93 produce. The inlet means to the pumping chamber 93 includes a valve which unites at the beginning; Pump cycle Oil flows to ensure that the fluid is displaced

BATH ORIGINAL

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only from the pump chamber during a pump cycle is discharged by draining this liquid through the outlet valve 103. In this embodiment, the inlet valve includes two valve seat surfaces 96 and 98 with an opening 101 through the upper valve seat surface into the bladder or reservoir chamber 105. The two valve seat surfaces 96 and 98 are located when the chamber 93 is at its maximum extent before a pump stroke Position is located, spaced from each other so that fluid from the upper reservoir chamber 105 through the opening 101 and between the valve seat surfaces can flow into the pump chamber 93. However, there is one of the valve seat surfaces 96 is attached to the ball-shaped walls of the outer housing 91 so that they are opposite to the can move other valve seat surface 98, the passage for fluid flow between these valve seat surfaces and closed by the opening 101, so that the volume of fluid that during a pump stroke from the chamber 93 is displaced, can only flow out through the outlet valve 103, The other factors, such as the displacement volume, the remaining volume and the outflow bias can be determined in the same way as it was already was explained above with reference to FIG. 1 and the graphical representations of FIGS.

The pump device according to the invention is thus out of operation set so that it can no longer pump liquid when a predetermined volume of gas or air is in the Pumping chamber is present. Such a pump device is thus ideal for positive displacement a liquid in a medical infusion with a high degree of safety and high reliability is required to an injury or the

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Killing a patient by the accidental injection of air into a patient's yen or arteries impede.

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Claims (16)

Claims (iJ liquid infusion device with an optional To pump liquid that is absorbed in a system in which gas may be present, under ambient pressure is, the device having a chamber for closing off a volume of fluid, an inlet for the chamber at which the liquid can be received, an outlet valve for the chamber and a pumping device, the so acts that the "volume of the chamber is reduced, characterized in that the outlet valve (15) against an outflow of the fluid through the outlet valve at fluid pressures which are below a predetermined value, which is greater than the ambient pressure at which the liquid is received at the inlet, is biased, and that the outlet valve is arranged to be with Liquid in the chamber (13, 24, 27, 28) in connection stands, if gas is present in the chamber, that the pumping device (11) during a liquid displacement period the volume of the chamber by a predetermined displacement volume (13) reduced to the extent that in the Chamber a residual volume (24, 27, 28) remains, which is larger than the predetermined displacement volume and that the inlet between the liquid displacement periods a fluid passage into the chamber is allowed to substantially increase the fluid pressure in the chamber to ambient pressure of the liquid at the inlet before a liquid displacement period adjust, and an outflow from the chamber via the inlet during a liquid over - urgency period prevented «, 10 9 8 2 5/1 35 3 BAD ORW3INAL 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the volume of the Chamber to the displacement volume greater than the ratio of the preload pressure acting on the outlet valve plus of atmospheric pressure to the bias pressure at the outlet valve. 3ο device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the preloaded valve (15) arranged in the lowest area of the residual volume of the ^ anuner is, so that it is in contact with the liquid contained in the ammer when gas is simultaneously in the chamber is present, 4 »Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an element associated with the chamber in the lowermost region of the remaining volume of the Chamber is coupled in the vicinity of the outlet valve to selectively vent gas from the chamber to a Establish communication between the liquid in the chamber and the outlet valve. 5 »Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the displacement volume is approximately equal to the volume of a Drop of liquid is supplied to the inlet will" 6, device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inlet a Reeervekammer (63, 105) comprises eimm passage (37, 101), which between the combsr (.:> 9 »93) and the ReLervekamnier runs, and the a gi-ö;,;. . "it volume 109825/1353 BATH ORIGINAL 2Q59837 Re st than the volume ", and in that the passage blocks the outflow of the fluid from the ^K ammer through the passage during the liquid displacement period. 7 «device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pumping device, which acts to reduce the volume of the chamber, includes a "movable wall that has a Fluid-limiting boundary wall of the chamber "forms, and that an actuator coupled to the pumping device changes the position of the wall to the volume of the Chamber by the predetermined displacement volume during the To reduce fluid displacement period, 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the predetermined value of the preload pressure acting on the outlet valve is greater than 0.21 kg / cm. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the predetermined Value of the preload acting on the outlet valve O ^L pressure is approximately 0.35 kg / cm, and that the remaining volume of the chamber is at least approximately four times greater than the predetermined displacement. 10. Device according to one of claims 4-9, characterized characterized in that the element (74) coupled to the chamber can be brought by hand from a normal operating position into a position in which on the outlet valve the predetermined preload pressure is no longer effective. 109825/1363 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that a resilient biasing device (76) is coupled to the element (74) to the element after a manually set release position in the normal Return to the operating position in order to ensure a failure-free re-adjustment of the predetermined value for the preload pressure to reach. 12. The apparatus of claim 10 or 11, characterized by a locking device (66) with w the element (74) cooperates to prevent normal operation of the pumping device if the element is improperly arranged so that the predetermined value of the preload pressure cannot be established, 13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pumping device, which acts to reduce the volume of the chamber, comprises a piston (73) which extends along the chamber is movable in a path, and in that the inlet comprises a fluid channel (87) formed in the chamber wall in the vicinity of the piston is recessed to introduce fluid into the chamber while Length, the piston on its movement path in a position which it occupies prior to the liquid displacement period and around a fluid flow from the chamber to lock out when the piston during the liquid displacement period moves through its path of travel. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the plunger comprises a magnetic material, and that a magnetic flux generating means (83) is magnetically coupled to the piston, to change the position of the piston to reduce the volume of the chamber . 1098i5 / l353 BATHROOM OHIGINAL 15. Device according to one of claims 7-9, characterized characterized in that the pumping device that acts to reduce the volume of the chamber having longitudinally expandable side walls (95) interposed between an upper and a lower boundary wall are arranged which form the chamber, that the inlet has an opening (101) through the upper wall into the chamber results in a valve being provided in relation to the opening to allow fluid flow through the valve into the chamber to allow a predetermined length of the side walls to achieve, and a pluid flow through the valves with a reduction in the longitudinal extent of the side walls to prevent, and that the actuating device is coupled to the side walls to the longitudinal expansion of the sidewalls cyclically between predetermined dimensions with a predetermined repetition frequency. 16. Device according to one of claims 7-9, characterized characterized in that the pumping device is a having a predetermined length of resilient, flexible tube (31) having an inner, fluid-limiting passage having a substantially uniform cross-section along its length, and that the actuating device (.45) is arranged so that it is rotatable with respect to the pipe to squeeze the pipe to clear the passage in the Close tube and around the pinch point of the tube over a predetermined part of the length of the tube from a first Limit position near a fluid inlet end for the inner passage in a second limit position, that of the first limit position is removed, according to the Forward rotation of the actuating device, and that the outlet valve has a further actuating device, by which the predetermined value of the preload pressure is generated by the fact that the pipe is resiliently squeezed off, around the passage through the pipe at one point along the 1098 25/1353 _BAD original To close the tube, which is remote from the fluid inlet end and at a distance from the second limit point, the greater than the distance on the predetermined part of the pipe between the first and the second boundary point « 17 «Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the rotatable actuating device (45) is so arranged with respect to the tube (31) that during part of the cycle of rotation of the actuator an unsealed internal passage through the tube from the fluid inlet end of the tube to the other actuator is present and that thereafter, during another part of the cycle of rotation of the actuator, the inner Passage through the pipe is closed at a point along the pipe which extends over the predetermined length of the Tube from the first boundary point to the second boundary point in accordance with the rotation of the rotatable actuator advances. 109825 / i 353