DE202011000786U1 - Plant for the production of hot water and / or steam and for the storage of water in liquid and / or gaseous form for use in a gas turbine power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

Plant for generating hot water and / or steam and for storing water in liquid and / or gaseous form for use in a gas turbine power plant (1) using at least one storage system with at least one storage tank (2.1, 2.2) for storing the water, in which the water is heated by the supply of energy, the energy being provided from at least one external energy source which is arranged outside the gas turbine power plant (1) and / or the system (2) for generating hot water and / or steam.

Description

The invention relates to a plant for the production of hot water and / or steam and for the storage of water in liquid and / or gaseous form for use in a gas turbine power plant.

• • eine Vorwärmung der komprimierten Luft – stationäre Vorwärmung des Wassers,
• • eine Wasser-/Dampfeinspritzung – z. B. STIG ... Steam-Injected Gas Turbine, HAT-Prozess (Humid air Turbine) usw.,
• • eine mehrstufige Ausführung usw.

Gas turbine power plants can be used for the sole generation of electricity or for the simultaneous provision of electricity and heat (CHP ... combined heat and power). The following measures are known for the energetic improvement of the open gas turbine process (higher utilization of the fuel):

• • a preheating of the compressed air - stationary preheating of the water,
• • a water / steam injection - z. STIG ... Steam Injected Gas Turbine, Humid Air Turbine (HAT) process, etc.,
• • a multi-level execution, etc.

With a follow-up of a closed steam cycle process, the power plant to the combined gas and steam power plant (CCGT) can be extended. Furthermore, the air preheating for coal power plants is known.

• • Nachschaltung eines technologischen Prozesses (z. B. Kohletrocknung),
• • Wärmeauskopplung für Heizzwecke (z. B. Fernwärme),
• • Industriekraftwerke mit Prozesswärmesystem usw.

In combined heat and power, the exhaust gas flow is used for heating purposes:

• • downstream of a technological process (eg coal drying),
• Heat extraction for heating purposes (eg district heating),
• • Industrial power plants with process heat system, etc.

There is a need-based provision of electricity and heat possible, because the process is quickly regulated. There are thus particularly good conditions for the provision of control energy.

For process optimization using storage technology, only air as a storage medium has been discussed and implemented. A disadvantage of using underground compressed air cavern storage that they require a specific geology and can be implemented only on a large scale with long construction times. There are still thermal losses recorded.

The previously also used compressed air container reservoirs have a low energy density and the maximum pressure is limited by the viable container wall thickness.

The provision of balancing power / energy is becoming increasingly important. This is due to the massive expansion of renewable energies in the form of wind and photovoltaic electricity. At the same time, this development requires a rapid power adjustment of the control power on the part of the thermal power plants, which is only possible to a limited extent today. Here, medium-sized plants with fast controllable power and combined heat and power due to a more efficient overall operation could play a key role compared to large-scale power plants and small-scale approaches (eg virtual power plants). Corresponding changes in trade (eg power exchange) favor such developments.

From the publication DE 10 2008 051 384 B3 already a solar hybrid gas and steam power plant with a solar system, a gas turbine plant and a steam turbine plant is known, the solar system having a receiver, the gas turbine plant a gas turbine with a downstream waste heat boiler and the steam turbine a steam turbine with a feedwater heater. In addition, a heat carrier circuit for transmitting solar heat is provided, wherein the heat carrier circuit is coupled via a gas turbine heat exchanger with the gas turbine plant and a solar boiler with the steam turbine plant. As an alternative to the gas turbine plant and steam turbine plant, the solar-hybrid gas and steam power plant has an integrated gas-steam turbine with a downstream waste heat boiler, wherein the heat transfer circuit is coupled via the gas turbine heat exchanger and the solar boiler with the integrated gas-steam turbine. The hot exhaust gas of the gas turbine is used in the waste heat boiler for generating superheated steam. In parallel, the steam can also be provided in the solar boiler. The vaporized in the evaporator at saturation temperature water is supplied in the superheater further heat. By further heating of the steam, the temperature and the specific volume of the steam increase, it is overheated. From the solar boiler and the waste heat boiler, the steam flows via pipelines into the steam turbine in which the fluid quantity of the steam decreases as a result of the delivery of technical work. The steam mass flows from the solar boiler and the waste heat boiler are mixed before entering the steam turbine. Like the gas turbine, the steam turbine is coupled to a generator that converts the mechanical power into electrical power.

Thereafter, the expanded and cooled steam flows into the steam turbine condenser in which it condenses by heat transfer to the environment. The condensed water is passed through a condensate pump and then through the feedwater in the waste heat boiler of the gas turbine and preheated. In addition, the temperature of the exhaust gas of the gas turbine is reduced. This is advantageously the efficiency of Plant increased. The heated feed water arrives at the feedwater tank for intermediate storage. Subsequently, the water is fed via feed pumps from the feedwater tank again the solar boiler and the waste heat boiler.

Disadvantages are the complex and complex process control and the limited rate of change of performance.

The object of the invention is to develop a plant for the production of hot water and / or steam and for the storage of water in liquid and / or gaseous form for use in a gas turbine power plant, which ensures a required temperature level of the water even when not operating the gas turbine plant, so that the water or the steam produced therefrom is provided at a start / restart with suitable process parameters.

This object is solved by the features of the first patent claim. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

The plant for the production of hot water and / or steam for a gas turbine power plant used according to the invention for heating the water and thus for generating the hot water and / or steam required energy from at least one external energy source coupled to the system and outside the gas turbine power plant and / or the plant for generating the hot water and / or steam is arranged.

The heating of the water can be done inside or outside the respective storage container. Preferably, the hot water and / or the steam is stored in at least one storage system having at least one storage container, in which advantageously the storage of the water is realized in different states and in which the water is heated, for which the energy from the at least one external energy source is provided.

Preferably, at least one system takes over a water preheating, which can be realized inside or outside a first storage system and at least one second storage system is provided, which takes over a water heating and wherein the first storage system and / or the second storage system, the heat energy from the waste heat of the gas turbine power plant can be supplied and that in addition to the first storage system and / or the second storage system, energy is provided from the at least one external power source for generating hot water and / or steam.

• – wenigstens eine Einrichtung zur Umwandlung von Elektroenergie in thermische Energie,
• – wenigstens eine regenerative Energiequelle (Solaranlagen, z. B. Niedertemperatur- und Hochtemperatur-Solarthermie),
• – eine oder mehrere Abwärmequellen mit niedrigen und/oder hohen Temperaturen, z. B. in Form von Abgasströmen, Abwärme aus industriellen Prozessen.

As an external energy source, for example, one of the external energy sources listed below can be used individually or in combinations:

• At least one device for converting electrical energy into thermal energy,
• At least one regenerative energy source (solar installations, eg low-temperature and high-temperature solar thermal energy),
• - One or more waste heat sources with low and / or high temperatures, eg. B. in the form of exhaust gas streams, waste heat from industrial processes.

Alternatively, other external energy sources are possible, which will not be discussed here.

Preference is given to negative control power is provided.

Such negative control powers are now used for the first time for the inventive solution for providing the required energy decrease for the heating of the water.

The electrical energy for the storage load can also be provided from surplus electricity.

It is thus possible, the water z. B. to heat by means of electrical energy and store in the storage tanks to provide this energy to the gas turbine power plant if necessary.

If two storage systems are used, then the first storage container, which is assigned to the first storage system, is preferably designed as a low-temperature storage, wherein the coupling of the energy takes place at temperatures up to 95 ° C and the first storage container to a pressure in the order of 2 to 10 bar is designed.

The second storage container, which is associated with the second storage system, is preferably designed as a high-temperature storage, in which the coupling of the energy takes place at temperatures greater than 95 ° C, whereby hot water and / or steam is generated. The high-temperature storage tank is designed in particular to a pressure in the order of 10 to 20 bar or higher.

With the system according to the invention, which is operated using the energy heated and stored by means of external energy sources with a time delay for supplying the external energy, is the first time the energy input by the external energy sources of the energy extraction (memory discharge) from the first and / or second storage tank decoupled. As a result, the energy stored in the system can be provided quickly and efficiently for operating the gas turbine power plant during peak load periods. This is done for the first time by using stored hot water and / or steam for injection into a fluid flow between the compressor and the turbine of the gas turbine power plant, whereby the efficiency or the performance of the gas turbine power plant can be significantly increased. Furthermore, it is possible to use the steam from the storage system to assist in starting up the turbine of the gas turbine power plant.

The injection of the hot water or vapor into the fluid flow or the fuel mixture or flue gas between compressor and turbine or in the turbine requires an open circuit / process, so that water in this cycle, d. H. the first storage tank must be refilled.

With the solution according to the invention for power and / or heat generation in a gas turbine process with steam / water injection (STIG or HAT) and in the downstream processes (eg heat extraction), a considerable temporary increase in the turbine system's output (eg positive control power ) or a fast power adjustment and an efficient process design for high energy / fuel utilization can be realized. Further advantages are the lower temperature of the turbine due to the water or steam injection and the lower emission values. The coupling of external energy sources, possibly in combination with internal energy sources of the gas turbine power plant allows a surprising increase in the fuel efficiency up to 90% in combined heat and power.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment and associated drawing.

In the illustration, the schematic diagram of a gas turbine power plant 1 shown, which is outlined by dashed lines. This has an intake 1.1 for sucking in ambient air, which is a compressor 1.2 is supplied. For this, the compressed air L passes through a first heat exchanger 1.3 to a combustion chamber 1.4 to which liquid or gaseous fuel B (eg natural gas) or a fuel mixture is supplied.

As a result of the combustion in the combustion chamber, the process is supplied with a combustion heat output Q _FWL , which causes a rise in pressure and temperature. From the combustion chamber 1.4 the hot gas flows to the turbine at high temperature and high pressure 1.5 , drives them and relaxes. The turbine 1.5 operates over a wave 1.6 (or two waves) the compressor 1.2 and to generate electricity the generator 1.7 , The expanded gas from the turbine 1.5 flows through the first heat exchanger 1.3 and the air L also flowing through it is further preheated. That from the first heat exchanger 1.3 escaping and still hot gas enters a second heat exchanger 1.8 , in which a heat transfer takes place for the removal of useful heat Q _N , which is made available to consumers as district heating, for example.

From the second heat exchanger 1.8 the still hot gas flows into a third heat exchanger 1.9 and then released to the environment.

Outside the gas turbine power plant 1 is a plant 2 for generating hot water and / or steam, in which water is stored at a pressure above the level of the ambient pressure. For this purpose, two storage systems are provided here, which are each provided with a storage container which is provided for the storage of water or steam, wherein in the illustration, only the storage container are indicated. The storage system, which is designed in the form of a low-temperature storage system, and thus the first storage container 2.1 (Low-temperature storage) takes over the water preheating. From this, the preheated water can be directed into the high-temperature storage system, which has a second storage tank 2.2 (High temperature storage) and in which the water heating takes place. In the first storage tank 2.1 There is a pressure above the ambient pressure of 2-10 bar and all energies are coupled up to 95 ° C, so that a temperature of the water to 95 ° C is achieved. In the second storage tank 2.2 All energies above 95 ° C are introduced and the water heated to a temperature above 95 ° C at a pressure in the order of 10 bar or higher, so that it at least partially passes into the vapor phase.

• – a1 – zwischen Verdichter 1.2 und ersten Wärmeübertrager 1.3,
• – a2 – zwischen ersten Wärmeübertrager 1.3 und Brennkammer 1.4,
• – a3 – zwischen Brennkammer 1.4 und Turbine 1.5,
• – a4 – direkt in die Turbine 1.5.

To the first water tank 2.1 leads a water connection 2.3 , with which by means of a first pump P1 water can be fed. Between the first storage tank 2.1 and the second storage container 2.2 a second pump P2 is provided, which supplies the preheated water from the first storage tank 2.1 in the second storage tank 2.2 promotes or increases the pressure. The in the second storage tank 2.2 Provided water vapor can be pressurized by opening the engine valve 2.4 at one or more of the following items to the compressed air or injected into the air / fuel mixture or flue gas:

• - a1 - between compressors 1.2 and first heat exchanger 1.3 .
• - a2 - between the first heat exchanger 1.3 and combustion chamber 1.4 .
• - a3 - between combustion chamber 1.4 and turbine 1.5 .
• - a4 - directly into the turbine 1.5 ,

This achieves the known advantages of steam and water injection.

The water in the first storage tank 2.1 is via a third pump P3 through the third heat exchanger 1.9 promoted, thereby heated and returned to the first storage tank 2.1 fed. The water in the first storage tank 2.1 thus becomes the waste heat output Q _{N, SVW of} the gas turbine power plant 1 preheated.

In addition, the water in the first storage tank 2.1 and in the second storage tank 2.2 heated by externally generated electrical energy P _{el, heart} . This can be provided, for example, from negative control power or electrical surges.

In addition, external heat sources Q _{heart, ext} for energy storage in the storage containers 2.1 and 2.2 are used, whereby in the respective storage container 2.1 and or 2.1 a temperature and / or pressure increase is recorded.

The loss of water (open process) caused by the injection of water vapor from the second storage tank 2.2 is recorded in the gas turbine power plant is by a Wassemachspeisung in low-temperature storage (first storage tank 2.1 ) over the water connection 2.1 balanced.

As an alternative to the described embodiment, only the one in the first storage container 2.1 or in the storage tank 2.2 befindlichem storage medium (water) are supplied to the heating and / or pressure increase external energy. These may in turn be either externally generated electrical energy P _{el, heart} and / or external heat sources Q _{heart, ext} .

With the solution according to the invention, a recovery of energy surpluses and the use of renewable energy sources are realized in a gas turbine power plant. The process management must be designed in such a way that as much electrical energy and / or heat as possible is provided during power plant operation.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102008051384 B3 [0009]

Claims (12)

Plant for the production of hot water and / or steam and for the storage of water in liquid and / or gaseous form for use in a gas turbine power plant ( 1 ) using at least one storage system having at least one storage container ( 2.1 . 2.2 ) for storing the water in which the supply of energy heats the water, the energy being provided from at least one external energy source external to the gas turbine power plant ( 1 ) and / or the installation ( 2 ) is arranged for the production of hot water and / or steam. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a first storage system takes over a water preheating and that at least a second storage system takes over a Wassernachwärmung and that the first storage system and / or the second storage system, the energy from the waste heat of the gas turbine power plant ( 1 ) and that in addition to the first storage system and / or the second storage system energy from at least one external energy source for generating hot water and / or steam is provided. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the external energy sources listed below is used individually or in combinations: At least one device for converting electrical energy into thermal energy, At least one regenerative energy source, One or more heat sources with low and / or high temperatures, - other sources with excess heat, - Exhaust gas flow / streams, waste heat from industrial plants. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the electrical energy is provided from negative control power. Plant according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the electrical energy is provided from surplus electricity. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first storage container ( 2.1 ), which is assigned to the first storage system in the form of a low-temperature storage system, is designed as a low-temperature storage. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the second storage container ( 2.2 ), which is assigned to the second storage system in the form of a high-temperature storage system, is designed as a high-temperature storage. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the coupling of the energy in the first storage container ( 2.1 ) at temperatures up to 95 ° C and the first storage tank ( 2.1 ) is designed to a pressure in the order of 2 to 10 bar. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the coupling of the energy in the second storage container ( 2.2 ) at temperatures greater than 95 ° C and that the second storage tank ( 2.2 ) Stores hot water and / or steam and is designed for a pressure of the order of 10 bar or higher. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the heated by external energy sources water is available and can be applied quickly delayed in the gas turbine process. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that hot water / steam from the high-temperature storage system for injection into a fluid flow between a compressor ( 1.2 ) and a turbine ( 1.5 ) and / or in the turbine ( 1.5 ) of the gas turbine power plant ( 1 ) is used. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that steam from the low-temperature storage system to support the startup of the turbine ( 1.5 ) of the gas turbine power plant ( 1 ) is used.

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