DE20116131U1 - Spring-loaded brake for bikes without or with gearless travel drives - Google Patents

Description

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BUSE · MENTZEL · LUDEWIG patent attorneys

EUROPEAN PATENT AND TRADEMARK ATTORNEYS

PO Box 201462 Kleiner Werth 34 Dipl.-Phys. Mentzel

D-42214 Wuppertal D-42275 Wuppertal Dipl.-Ing. Ludewig

Wuppertal-Wuppertal,

31

Key word: "Spring-loaded brake"

Ortlinghaus GmbH Garns, Industriestrasse, CH-9473 Gams SG

Spring-loaded brake for wheels without or with gearless

Drives

The invention relates to a spring-loaded brake for wheels without or with gearless drives, in particular for installation in wheel hubs of wheelchairs.

Wheelchairs of the usual design are usually equipped with a gearbox and an electric motor or with a gearless drive, which is built into the wheel hub. The drive has either a hydraulically operated brake (DE 198 37 270) or an electromagnetically released spring-loaded brake (DE 195 00 589) integrated into it. The disadvantage of the hydraulic brake according to DE 198 37 270 is that an additional hydraulic system is required. This leads to a higher weight and a high maintenance effort. The disadvantage of an electromagnetic spring-loaded brake integrated into the drive, as described in DE 195 00 589, is that the brake cannot be released in the event of a power failure. In this case, an additional mechanical

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VAT No. DE 121035 988

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Ventilation must be provided. Such mechanical ventilation is known from DE 44 23 180, which in turn is based on a hydraulic system.

The invention is based on the object of providing a brake for wheels without or with gearless drive systems, which is constructed in a simple manner, i.e. does not require a hydraulic system and is operated in a simple manner and enables manual emergency release.

This object is achieved with the combination of features of claim 1. The spring-loaded brake to be installed in the wheel hub of wheels without a drive or with a gearless drive consists on the one hand of means for electromagnetically actuating the brake and on the other hand of a mechanical emergency release. In particular, a magnetic body which accommodates an annular coil in its interior is used for electromagnetically actuating the brake. The brake according to the invention also consists of an armature disk which is placed on the magnetic body; a spring force acting on this armature disk originating from the magnetic body is triggered by springs arranged in receptacles in the magnetic body. This causes the armature disk to be loaded axially away from the magnetic body. The armature disk is thus axially movable between two positions. On the one hand, this is the release position of the brake; in this case, an electromagnetic field acting on the armature disk originating from the magnetic body draws the armature disk towards the magnetic body against the spring force. In the second end position, the braking position of the armature disk, it is under spring force and presses against a lamellar disk arranged on the armature disk. This lamellar disk is loosely connected to the shaft of the wheel by means of a profile, which means that in the braking position, namely when the armature disk is pressed against the lamellar disk, a

Frictional connection between the axially spring-loaded armature disk, the lamellar disk loosely connected to the shaft and the end disk.

The disk preferably has a smaller diameter than the armature disk, so that a pressure ring can be arranged above the disk next to the disk. This pressure ring serves for mechanical emergency release of the brake according to the invention. The pressure ring preferably has an outer diameter that is comparable to the outer diameter of the armature disk and the magnetic body. The inner diameter of the pressure ring is only slightly larger than the outer diameter of the disk, so that the disk is located inside the pressure ring and the pressure ring rests directly on the armature disk. The other surface of the pressure ring is covered by an end disk, which in turn covers the adjacent disk. One possible variant of the spring-loaded brake consists of a magnetic body, armature disk, pressure ring, disk and end disk. These elements can be connected to form a structural unit using a screw connection, for example, which can be installed in or removed from the wheel hub. This structural unit is independent of the drive. This also makes it possible to use it in wheels without a drive.

As already mentioned above, the mechanical ventilation is achieved via the pressure ring. This preferably has two flanges with which the pressure ring can be rotated around the shaft. The pressure ring is preferably smaller in thickness than the lamellar disk or a lamellar disk provided with a friction lining in order to be able to absorb wear. A number of

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of holes in which balls are accommodated. The balls preferably have a slightly larger diameter than the thickness of the pressure ring. Since the holes are covered by the end plate on the one hand, the balls protrude a little from the hole in the direction of the armature plate and are accommodated in grooves that are made on the surface of the armature plate. These grooves have a different depth on both sides over their entire length. The greatest depth is in the middle of the groove and this depth decreases towards the ends of the groove. In the normal state of the brake, i.e. without activation of the emergency release, the balls are in the middle of the groove, i.e. at the points of greatest depth. In this case, the pressure ring does not rest against anything and is in the middle position. If the pressure ring is rotated in the circumferential direction when the flanges of the pressure ring are activated, the balls reach the surface of the armature plate via the end of the groove, so that the armature plate is pressed away from the pressure ring in the direction of the magnet body. The lamellar disc is released and the shaft with the lamellar disc connected via a profile can be rotated.

In a further embodiment, it is also possible to arrange a plate pack around the shaft instead of a plate disc. Furthermore, with a plate pack or a thicker plate disc, it is possible to arrange several balls one above the other in the bores of the pressure ring.

In any case, a simple braking device is achieved that is also easy to operate, install or dismantle. This solution is cost-effective and has a low weight and low power consumption. It is particularly advantageous for

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The advantage of the spring-loaded brake according to the invention compared to existing systems is the short actuation path for releasing the brake, both in normal use and with mechanical release. The effort required for operation is therefore low. It is therefore also possible to release two brakes at the same time. This is a requirement that is particularly important for wheelchairs.

Two embodiments of a spring-loaded brake designed according to the invention are shown below with reference to the accompanying drawings. They show:

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a wheel hub with the inventive
spring-loaded brake,

Fig. 2 shows a section of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 in 5 steps the construction of the spring-loaded brake as
structural unit,

Fig. 4a shows another embodiment of an inventive
spring-loaded brake,

Fig. 4b a section according to Fig. 4a,

Fig. 5 shows another section according to Fig. 4a.

In Fig. 1, a brake is shown which is installed in a housing 2, 5 for a gearless drive. A steel ring 4 is pressed into the outer part of the housing 2, to which permanent magnets 3 are attached.

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is the housing inner part 5 with ball bearings 7,8 on the shaft 6. The brake 10 according to the invention, the structure of which is shown in Figs. 3a to 3e, is inserted as a structural unit into the wheel hub and fastened to the housing inner part 5, for example via a screw connection.

Fig. 1 shows the brake 10 in the installed state. The magnetic body 11 is arranged in the space provided in the inner housing part 5 and has an annular coil 12 inside it. The magnetic poles 11.1, 11.2 of the magnetic body are covered by an armature disk 13. This armature disk 13 is axially movable. The axial guidance and prevention of rotation of the armature disk 13 is ensured by corresponding means on the armature disk 13 and the magnetic body 11. As can be seen best from Figs. 3a and 3b, the magnetic body has sleeves 22 which engage in radial recesses 23 on the armature disk 13. These means 22,23 allow axial mobility of the armature disk 13, but prevent it from rotating. As can be seen best from Fig. 3a, there are recesses in the magnetic body 11 which accommodate springs 20. The springs 20 exert a force in the direction of force F on the armature disk 13, so that the armature disk 13 is spring-loaded away from the magnet body 11 in the normal state. In this spring-loaded state, there is a frictional connection between the armature disk 13, the lamellar disk 14 arranged above it and the end disk 15. The lamellar disk 14 is loosely connected to the shaft 6, so that the spring force F is transferred directly to the lamellar disk via the frictional connection, thus preventing rotation of the lamellar disk and the shaft connected to it.

Another component of the brake according to the invention is a pressure ring 16, which in the embodiment according to Fig. 1 is arranged around the disk 14

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is placed around. The assembly is held together by an end plate 15 and preferably by means of a screw connection. The finished assembly of the spring-loaded brake 10 is best seen in Fig. 3e. Fig. 3e shows screws 28 which fasten the end plate 15 to the assembly. The screw 28 is passed through the sleeve 22 and is held in place by the magnet body 11. For this purpose, the magnet body is provided with appropriate threads. The end plate 15 at least partially covers the lamellar disk 14. In this way, the screw connection by means of the screws 28 results in the magnet body 11, armature disk 13, pressure ring 16, lamellar disk 14 and end plate 15 being held together and this assembly can be inserted into the outer housing part 2.

In Fig. 3d it is shown that the pressure ring 16 has two flanges 16.1 and 16.2 for manual actuation of the pressure ring 16. By actuating the flanges 16.1 or 16.2 in the direction of movement 30, it is possible to move the pressure ring 16 in the circumferential direction until one of the flanks 27.1 or 27.2 of the locking channel 27 strikes the sleeve 22 which projects into the locking channel 27.

Outside the locking channel 27, several holes 26 are provided in the pressure ring 16 in the circumferential direction, which accommodate balls 17. These balls 17 have a diameter that is larger than the thickness of the pressure ring 16. On the surface of the armature disk 13, grooves 19 are formed in the circumferential direction below the holes 26. These grooves 19 have a greater depth in their center than at their longitudinal ends. If the balls 17 are arranged directly above the center of the groove 19, the excess of the balls 17 compared to the thickness of the pressure ring is accommodated by the grooves 19. This is particularly clear in

Fig. 2. Above the pressure ring 16 is the end plate 15, which presses the balls 17 into the bore of the pressure ring 16, i.e. prevents the balls 17 from protruding on this side of the bore 26. On the other side of the bore 26, the ball 17 protrudes from the pressure ring 16 into the groove 19. If the pressure ring 16 is now moved in the direction of rotation, the balls 17 also move with the pressure ring 16 and run out of the center of the groove 19 until they come to rest on the surface of the armature plate 13. In this case, the balls 17 exert pressure on the axially movable armature plate 13 and press it in the direction of the magnetic body 11. This axial movement in the direction of the magnetic body 11 releases the frictional connection between the armature plate 13, the lamellar plate 14 and the end plate 15. The shaft 6 is then free to move again. The pressure force of the balls 17 of the pressure ring 16 is directed against the spring load F of the springs 20 and must be greater than the spring force F in order to release the armature disk 13.

The described process of releasing the brake 10 is carried out in an emergency, for example to push the wheelchair or to release the brake in the event of an electrical defect. Normally, the brake 10 is released electromagnetically by means of a battery when the motor starts up. A magnetic field is generated in the magnet body 11, which causes the armature disk 13 to be attracted and the frictional connection between the armature disk 13, the lamellar disk 14 and the end disk 15 to be removed in this way. The released lamellar disk 14 and the shaft 6 can rotate again after being released. However, if the magnetic field is switched off again, the armature disk 13 is returned to its starting position by the spring force F of the springs 20, whereby the lamellar disk 14 is clamped and the

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Frictional connection between armature disk 13, lamellar disk 14 and end disk 15 means that shaft 6 can no longer be rotated.

The lamellar disk 14 is preferably provided with a friction lining 18. This is shown in Fig. 2. Furthermore, it can be seen from Fig. 2 that the pressure ring 16 does not have the same thickness as the lamellar disk 14 or as the lamellar disk 14 provided with the friction lining 18.

4 and 5 show a further embodiment of the brake according to the invention. In Fig. 4a, no end plate 15 is necessary in this embodiment. The brake 10 as a structural unit is connected to a housing part 5' and is inserted as such into the wheel hub. This embodiment also involves a wheel hub in which the brake 10 is installed and a gearless drive can be inserted. Furthermore, Fig. 4b shows the rim 1 and the brake 10 arranged as a structural unit around the shaft 6, consisting of a magnet body 11, armature plate 13, disk pack 14 and pressure ring 16. In this case, no single disk plate 14 is provided, but rather a disk pack 14'.

In a disk pack 14', it is advantageous to provide several balls 17 one above the other in the bore 26, which is connected to the pressure disk 16. It is important that the balls 17 have no direct contact with the armature disk 13 and minimize the spring force F. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4b, the pressure force is exerted by the pressure ring 16, whereby the balls 17 are pressed onto the armature disk 13 when the pressure ring 16 rotates.

Fig. 5 shows another section through the wheel according to Fig. 4a. From this sectional view, the springs 20 embedded in the magnet body 11 can be seen. Insulating bodies 31 can also be provided in the magnet body 11 for noise insulation.

The brake according to the invention is preferably used in gearless drive systems, such as wheelchairs or other small vehicles, in the wheel hub. It serves to hold the entire wheel in place. The drive system, which is not the subject of the invention, is also installed in the wheel hub.

The embodiments of the subject matter of the invention shown and described above represent it only as examples. Many other configurations and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are conceivable, to which the protection applies in the same way.

List of reference symbols

1 rim 2 Housing outer part 3 Permanent magnet 4 Steel ring for holding the permanent magnets 5 Housing interior 6 Wave 7 ball-bearing 8th ball-bearing 10 brake 11 Magnetic body 11.1 Magnetic pole 11.2 Magnetic pole 12 Kitchen sink 13 Anchor disc 14 Lamellar disc 14' Slat pack 15 End plate 16 Pressure ring 16.1 flange 16.2 flange 17 Balls 18 Friction lining 19 groove 20 feathers 21 screw 22 Sleeve 23 Radial recess 24 drilling 25 Hexagonal profile 26 Hole for 17 27 Guide channel 27.1 Channel flank 27.2 Channel flank 28 Screws 29 Radial recess 30 Movement arrow for pressure ring 31 Insulating element F Spring force • · · ···· « · · · «9 · · ·

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Claims (17)

1. Spring-loaded brake for wheels without or with gearless drive,
wherein the brake ( 10 ) comprises means ( 11 , 12 ) for electromagnetic actuation of the brake ( 10 ) and means ( 16 , 17 ) for mechanical emergency release,
characterized in that
the means ( 11 , 12 ) for electromagnetic actuation of the brake ( 10 ) and the means ( 16 , 17 ) for mechanical emergency release of the brake ( 10 ) are each operatively connected to an armature disk ( 13 ) which is axially movable on a shaft ( 6 ),
wherein in the braking position of the brake ( 10 ) there is a frictional connection between the axially spring-loaded ( 20 ) armature disk ( 13 ) and a disk disk ( 14 , 14 ') connected to the shaft ( 6 ), and wherein in the release position of the brake ( 10 ) this frictional connection between the armature disk ( 13 ) and the disk disk ( 14 , 14 ') is canceled by axially directed force of the means ( 11 , 12 ) for electromagnetically actuating the brake ( 10 ) or the means ( 16 , 17 ) for the mechanical emergency release of the brake ( 10 ) against the direction of force of the spring ( 29 ). 2. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for electromagnetically actuating the brake ( 10 ) is a magnetic body ( 11 ) arranged around the shaft ( 6 ), which receives an annular coil ( 12 ) in its interior between its magnetic poles ( 11.1 ) and ( 11.2 ). 3. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that in the surface of the magnetic body ( 11 ) directed towards the armature disk ( 13 ) there are receptacles for the springs ( 20 ) which load the armature disk ( 13 ) axially away from the magnetic body ( 11 ). 4. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that sleeves ( 22 ) for axially guiding the armature disk ( 13 ) are provided on the surface of the magnetic body ( 11 ) directed towards the armature disk ( 13 ), wherein the sleeves ( 22 ) preferably engage in radial recesses ( 23 ) on the peripheral edge of the armature disk ( 13 ). 5. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that the armature disk ( 13 ) is axially movable between two end positions, namely the contact with the magnetic body ( 11 ) in the release position of the brake ( 10 ) or the contact with the disk disk ( 14 , 14 ') in the braking position. 6. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that the disk disc ( 14 , 14 ') has a smaller diameter than the armature disc ( 13 ). 7. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that a pressure ring ( 16 ) is used as a means for mechanical emergency release, wherein the outer diameter of the pressure ring ( 16 ) is preferably the same size as the outer diameter of the magnetic body ( 11 ) and the armature disk ( 13 ) and wherein the inner diameter of the pressure ring ( 16 ) is only slightly larger than the outer diameter of the lamellar disk ( 14 , 14 '), so that the pressure ring ( 16 ) receives the lamellar disk ( 14 , 14 ') in itself and rests on the armature disk ( 13 ). 8. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure ring ( 16 ) and partially the adjacent disk disc ( 14 ) are covered by an end disc ( 15 ). 9. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure ring ( 16 ) has a smaller thickness than the adjacent disk disc ( 14 ). 10. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure ring ( 16 ) has a smaller thickness than the adjacent disk ( 14 ) provided with a friction lining ( 18 ). 11. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that bores ( 26 ) for receiving balls ( 17 ) are arranged in the pressure ring ( 16 ), which balls contact the end plate ( 15 ) and the armature plate ( 13 ), the diameter of the balls ( 17 ) being slightly larger than the thickness of the pressure ring and the balls ( 17 ) protruding from the pressure ring ( 16 ) exclusively in the direction of the armature plate ( 13 ). 12. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that in the braking state of the brake ( 10 ) the protruding part of the balls ( 17 ) is received by grooves ( 19 ) on the surface of the armature disk ( 13 ) directed towards the pressure ring ( 16 ). 13. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure ring ( 16 ) has at least one flange ( 16.1 ) for manual actuation for movement ( 30 ) of the pressure ring ( 16 ). 14. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that after movement ( 30 ) of the pressure ring ( 16 ) from the braking position into the released position of the brake ( 10 ), the balls ( 17 ) have passed from the groove ( 19 ) to the surface of the armature disk ( 13 ), whereby pressure is exerted on the spring-loaded ( 20 ) armature disk ( 13 ) and the frictional connection between the armature disk ( 13 ), the disk disk ( 14 ) and end disk ( 15 ) or an inner housing part ( 5 ) is released. 15. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that the brake ( 10 ) constructed from magnetic body ( 11 ), armature disk ( 13 ), pressure ring ( 16 ), lamellar disk ( 14 ) and end disk ( 15 ) is connected to a structural unit by means of screws ( 28 ) and this structural unit can be installed in or removed from a wheel hub. 16. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that a disk pack ( 14 ') is arranged in the brake ( 10 ). 17. Spring-loaded brake according to claim 3, characterized in that when using a thick disk disc ( 14 ) or a disk pack ( 14 ') in a bore ( 26 ), at least two balls are arranged one above the other, the sum of the diameters of the balls ( 17 ) arranged one above the other being slightly larger than the thickness of the pressure ring.