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DE19946648A1 - Pole switched, permanent magnet stimulated electric machine has stator with conventional three-phase or alternating current coil and rotor with unmagnetisable magnets per pole - Google Patents

Pole switched, permanent magnet stimulated electric machine has stator with conventional three-phase or alternating current coil and rotor with unmagnetisable magnets per pole

Info

Publication number
DE19946648A1
DE19946648A1 DE1999146648 DE19946648A DE19946648A1 DE 19946648 A1 DE19946648 A1 DE 19946648A1 DE 1999146648 DE1999146648 DE 1999146648 DE 19946648 A DE19946648 A DE 19946648A DE 19946648 A1 DE19946648 A1 DE 19946648A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
rotor
pole
stator
phase
alternating current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE1999146648
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Vlado Ostovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE1999146648 priority Critical patent/DE19946648A1/en
Priority to US09/517,256 priority patent/US6800977B1/en
Publication of DE19946648A1 publication Critical patent/DE19946648A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H02K1/2773Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect consisting of tangentially magnetized radial magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/04Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28Layout of windings or of connections between windings

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

The pole switched, permanent magnet (2) stimulated electric machine has a stator (3) with a conventional three-phase or alternating current coil and a rotor with (1) more than one unmagnetizable magnet per pole. The magnets are predominantly tangentially magnetized and the width of the magnet varies in the radial direction.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of Claim 1.

Die Aufgabe dieser Erfindung ist es, in einer permanentmagneterregten Maschine zwei Möglichkeiten gleichzeitig zu schaffen, und zwar:
The object of this invention is to create two possibilities simultaneously in a permanent magnet excited machine, namely:

  • a) die durch Permanentmagnete induzierte Ständerspannung nach Bedarf zu variieren;a) the stator voltage induced by permanent magnets as required vary;
  • b) die Polpaarzahl der Maschine nach Bedarf zu ändern.b) change the number of pole pairs of the machine as required.

Diese beiden Aufgaben werden durch Sonderkonstruktion des Läufers dieser Maschine, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, gelöst.These two tasks are solved by special construction of the rotor of this machine, as shown in Fig. 1.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Läufer einer mehrpoligen permanentmagneterregten (PM) Maschine enthält das weiche magnetische Material, wie z. B. Dynamoblech (1), als auch die überwiegend tangential magnetisierbaren Permanentmagnete (2). Die Größe und magnetischen Eigenschaften der Permanentmagnete müssen so gewählt werden, daß sie bei einem gegebenen Ständerstrom ummagnetisierbar sind. Wobei Dynamobleche einen rechteckigen Querschnitt haben, müssen die Magnete trapezoidal sein, um zusammen mit den Dynamoblechen einen rundförmigen Läufer bauen zu können.The rotor of a multi-pole permanent magnet excited (PM) machine shown in Fig. 1 contains the soft magnetic material, such as. B. dynamo sheet ( 1 ), as well as the mainly tangentially magnetizable permanent magnets ( 2 ). The size and magnetic properties of the permanent magnets must be selected so that they can be remagnetized for a given stator current. The dynamo sheets have a rectangular cross-section, the magnets must be trapezoidal in order to be able to build a round-shaped rotor together with the dynamo sheets.

Als Ständer dieser Maschine kann jeder Dreh- oder Wechselstromständer benutzt werden, also der eine aus Dynamoblech (3) und mit den Nuten (4), Fig. 1. Die Phasenströme durch die in den Nuten heruntergebrachten Wicklungen müssen jedoch kontrollierbar sein, und zwar im Betrag als auch in Phasenverschiebung.Any three- phase or alternating current stand can be used as the stand of this machine, i.e. the one made of dynamo sheet ( 3 ) and with the slots ( 4 ), Fig. 1. However, the phase currents through the windings brought down in the slots must be controllable, specifically in the Amount as well as in phase shift.

In normalem Betrieb erzeugen mehrere Magnete 2 in jedem Läuferpol einen magnetischen Fluß, der zusammen mit dem Läufer rotiert, und in den Ständerwicklungen Wechselspannungen induziert.In normal operation, several magnets 2 generate a magnetic flux in each rotor pole, which rotates together with the rotor and induces alternating voltages in the stator windings.

Um die Polpaarzahl des Läufers ändern zu können, muß die Ständerwicklung polumschaltbar sein. Dies heißt, das sie entweder aus mehreren getrennten Wicklungen mit unterschiedlicher Polpaarzahl besteht, oder als eine z. B. Pol- Amplituden modulierte Wicklung gebaut wird. Nachdem die Ständerwicklung von einer p1- auf eine p2-Polarität umgeschaltet wird, fließen durch sie die Kurzschlußströme, die groß genug sein müssen, um die Permanentmagnete auf der Läuferseite umzumagnetisieren. Der Läufer mit der neuen Polpaarzahl p2 synchronisiert sich danach auf eine neue Drehzahl, die von der Frequenz der angelegten Spannung und der Polpaarzahl p2 abhängig ist. Der Läufer dreht sich mit der neuen Drehzahl synchron und nimmt dabei einen Strom aus der Quelle auf, der zu klein ist um die Läufermagnete weiter umzumagnetisieren.In order to be able to change the number of pole pairs of the rotor, the stator winding must be switchable. This means that it either consists of several separate windings with different number of pole pairs, or as a z. B. pole-amplitude modulated winding is built. After the stator winding is switched from p 1 to p 2 polarity, the short-circuit currents flow through it, which must be large enough to re-magnetize the permanent magnets on the rotor side. The rotor with the new number of pole pairs p 2 then synchronizes to a new speed, which is dependent on the frequency of the voltage applied and the number of pole pairs p 2 . The rotor rotates synchronously with the new speed and takes up a current from the source that is too small to re-magnetize the rotor magnets.

Um den Fluß von Magneten ändern zu können, muß eine zusätzliche Komponente des Ständerstroms durch alle Phasenwicklungen fließen. Dieser Strom baut ein Magnetfeld auf, das dem Feld der Permanentmagnete entgegengesetzt ist, d. h., er hat einen Entmagnetisierungseffekt. Wenn die Dicke von Magneten 2 so gewählt ist, daß die Durchflutung des zusätzlichen Ständerstroms stärker als die magnetische Spannung am inneren Radius, aber kleiner als die magnetische Spannung am äußeren Radius des Läufers ist, werden die Teile der Magnete 2, die nah an der Läufermitte liegen, in derselben Richtung magnetisiert wie die Richtung des Magnetfeldes des zusätzlichen Stromes. Gleichzeitig bleiben die Reste der Magnete 2 nicht ummagnetisiert, weil der zusätzliche Ständerstrom dafür immer noch zu klein ist. Die Breite (in radialer Richtung) des Bereichs mit Magnetenpolarisierung in einer, bzw. in entgegengesetzter Richtung, ist davon abhängig, wie groß die Amplitude des Ummagnetisierungsstroms ist.In order to change the flow of magnets, an additional component of the stator current must flow through all phase windings. This current builds up a magnetic field that is opposite to the field of permanent magnets, ie it has a demagnetizing effect. If the thickness of magnet 2 is chosen so that the flow of the additional stator current is stronger than the magnetic voltage on the inner radius, but smaller than the magnetic voltage on the outer radius of the rotor, the parts of the magnets 2 that are close to the center of the rotor are magnetized in the same direction as the direction of the magnetic field of the additional current. At the same time, the remnants of the magnets 2 do not remain magnetized because the additional stator current is still too small for this. The width (in the radial direction) of the area with magnet polarization in one or in the opposite direction depends on how large the amplitude of the magnetic reversal current is.

Als Ergebnis erhält man, daß nach der Wirkung des zusätzlichen Stromes der von Magneten 2 erzeugte Fluß kleiner als vorher ist. Deswegen ist auch die induzierte Spannung in Ständerwicklungen in diesem Fall kleiner als vor der Wirkung des Zusatzstromes. As a result, it is obtained that after the effect of the additional current, the flux generated by magnet 2 is smaller than before. Therefore, the induced voltage in stator windings is smaller in this case than before the effect of the additional current.

Die vorgeschlagene Lösung kann sowohl für elektrische Maschinen mit innerem, als auch mit äußerem Läufer verwendet werden. Sie ermöglicht es, die induzierte Spannung in einer PM Maschine nur mit einer zusätzlichen Komponente des Ständerstroms zu variieren, und die Polpaarzahl der Maschine zu ändern.The proposed solution can be used both for electrical machines with an internal, can also be used with an external rotor. It enables the induced Tension in a PM machine only with an additional component of the Stator current to vary, and to change the number of pole pairs of the machine.

Die vorgeschlagene Lösung kann in elektrischen Antrieben mit PM Maschinen eingesetzt werden, deren Drehzahl im weiteren Bereich geändert werden muß. Die Polpaarzahl des Läufers wird mittels Ständerstrom so geändert, daß mehrere benachbarte Läufermagnete in derselben Richtung magnetisiert sind. Der Läuferfluß wird so variiert, daß alle Magnete teilweise ummagnetisiert werden. Ein niedriger Magnetfluß in höherem Drehzahlbereich resultiert in einer niedrigeren induzierten Spannung, und dadurch in einem erweiterten Drehzahlbereich.The proposed solution can be used in electrical drives with PM machines are used, the speed of which must be changed in the wider range. The Number of pole pairs of the rotor is changed by means of stator current so that several neighboring rotor magnets are magnetized in the same direction. The Runner River is varied so that all magnets are partially remagnetized. A lower one Magnetic flux in a higher speed range results in a lower induced Voltage, and therefore in an extended speed range.

Claims (3)

1. Permanentmagneterregte elektrische Maschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ihr Ständer eine herkömmliche Dreh- oder Wechselstromwicklung hat, und an ihrem Läufer es mehr als einen ummagnetisierbaren Magneten pro Pol gibt (Fig. 1).1. Permanent magnet excited electrical machine, characterized in that its stand has a conventional three-phase or alternating current winding, and on its rotor there are more than one magnetizable magnet per pole ( Fig. 1). 2. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Magneten vorwiegend tangential magnetisiert sind (Fig. 1).2. Electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets are mainly magnetized tangentially ( Fig. 1). 3. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Magnetenbreite sich in radialer Richtung ändert (Fig. 1).3. Electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnet width changes in the radial direction ( Fig. 1).
DE1999146648 1997-12-23 1999-09-29 Pole switched, permanent magnet stimulated electric machine has stator with conventional three-phase or alternating current coil and rotor with unmagnetisable magnets per pole Withdrawn DE19946648A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1999146648 DE19946648A1 (en) 1999-09-29 1999-09-29 Pole switched, permanent magnet stimulated electric machine has stator with conventional three-phase or alternating current coil and rotor with unmagnetisable magnets per pole
US09/517,256 US6800977B1 (en) 1997-12-23 2000-03-02 Field control in permanent magnet machine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1999146648 DE19946648A1 (en) 1999-09-29 1999-09-29 Pole switched, permanent magnet stimulated electric machine has stator with conventional three-phase or alternating current coil and rotor with unmagnetisable magnets per pole

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE19946648A1 true DE19946648A1 (en) 2001-04-05

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ID=7923712

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE1999146648 Withdrawn DE19946648A1 (en) 1997-12-23 1999-09-29 Pole switched, permanent magnet stimulated electric machine has stator with conventional three-phase or alternating current coil and rotor with unmagnetisable magnets per pole

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE19946648A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018123675A1 (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-03-26 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with a reluctance component and PMSM with a reluctance component

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4417787A1 (en) * 1993-05-21 1994-11-24 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Rotor for a rotary electrical machine, and a method for its production
DE19757502A1 (en) * 1997-12-23 1999-06-24 Vlado Dr Ostovic Electric machine with permanent magnet excitation

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4417787A1 (en) * 1993-05-21 1994-11-24 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Rotor for a rotary electrical machine, and a method for its production
DE19757502A1 (en) * 1997-12-23 1999-06-24 Vlado Dr Ostovic Electric machine with permanent magnet excitation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018123675A1 (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-03-26 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with a reluctance component and PMSM with a reluctance component

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8139 Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee