DE19938817C2 - Refractory ceramic molded body - Google Patents
Refractory ceramic molded bodyInfo
- Publication number
- DE19938817C2 DE19938817C2 DE1999138817 DE19938817A DE19938817C2 DE 19938817 C2 DE19938817 C2 DE 19938817C2 DE 1999138817 DE1999138817 DE 1999138817 DE 19938817 A DE19938817 A DE 19938817A DE 19938817 C2 DE19938817 C2 DE 19938817C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- body according
- shaped body
- matrix material
- refractory
- offset
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/013—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics containing carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
- C04B35/04—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
- C04B35/053—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/44—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminates
- C04B35/443—Magnesium aluminate spinel
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft einen reduzierend gebrannten, feuerfesten keramischen Formkörper aus einem Versatz, der neben einem feuerfesten oxidischen Matrixmaterial der Korngröße < 50 mum 1 bis 7 Vol.-% plättchenförmigen Graphit der Größe < 50 mum enthält.The invention relates to a reducing fired, fireproof ceramic molded body from a mixture which, in addition to a refractory oxidic matrix material having a grain size of <50 μm, contains 1 to 7% by volume of platelet-shaped graphite having a size of <50 μm.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen feuerfesten keramischen Form körper. Im besonderen ist die Erfindung auf einen feuer festen keramischen Formkörper mit hoher Dichte und ent sprechend geringer offener Porosität gerichtet, der eine gute Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit und gute Bruchzähig keit aufweist. Vor allem soll das Formteil eine gute Duktilität aufweisen, um die Produkte vorteilhaft dort einsetzen zu können, wo mechanische und/oder thermische Spannungen auftreten.The invention relates to a refractory ceramic mold body. In particular, the invention is on fire solid ceramic molded body with high density and ent speaking open porosity, the one good resistance to temperature changes and good fracture toughness ability. Above all, the molding should be a good one Have ductility to make the products beneficial there to be able to use where mechanical and / or thermal Tensions occur.
In der Literatur sind verschiedene Vorschläge für derartige Formkörper gemacht worden. Die DE 44 03 869 C2 offenbart einen feuerfesten keramischen Versatz, der neben MgO-Sinter als feuerfestes oxidisches Matrixmaterial einen Spinell vom Herzynit-Typ enthält. Beim Brand daraus hergestellter Formteile erfolgt keine vollständige, dichte Versinterung, so daß der Formkörper eine gewisse "Elastizität" behält.In the literature there are various suggestions for such moldings have been made. DE 44 03 869 C2 discloses a refractory ceramic offset that is next to MgO sinter as a refractory oxidic matrix material Contains Herzynite-type spinel. In case of fire The molded parts produced are not completely sealed Sintering, so that the molded body has a certain "Elasticity" retains.
Die DE 41 30 452 A1 offenbart einen gebrannten, feuer festen keramischen Körper auf Metalloxid-Basis mit einem Rest-Kohlenstoffgehalt (nach dem Brand) von 1 bis 12 Gew.-%, wobei der Körper eine keramische Bindung aufweist. Der als Graphit eingebrachte Kohlenstoff ist relativ grobkörnig (bis 1 mm Durchmesser). DE 41 30 452 A1 discloses a burned, fire solid ceramic body based on metal oxide with a Residual carbon content (after firing) from 1 to 12% by weight, the body being a ceramic bond having. The carbon introduced as graphite is relatively coarse-grained (up to 1 mm in diameter).
In der WO 84/00030 wird ein Werkstoff auf Basis ZrO2 in unterschiedlichen Kornfraktionen vorgeschlagen. Die eine Kornfraktion weist eine mittlere Teilchengröße von weniger als 4 µm, die andere Kornfraktion eine mittlere Teilchen größe zwischen 4 und 25 µm auf.WO 84/00030 proposes a material based on ZrO 2 in different grain fractions. The one grain fraction has an average particle size of less than 4 microns, the other grain fraction has an average particle size between 4 and 25 microns.
In der EP 0 318 489 B1 wird ein feuerfestes Verbund material mit einer Porosität < 12% vorgeschlagen, das eine Matrix auf Basis Aluminiumoxid und in der Matrix dispergierte Teilchen aus Zirkoniumdioxid enthält. Die Porosität im angegebenen Bereich ist für zahlreiche Anwendungen jedoch zu hoch.EP 0 318 489 B1 describes a refractory composite material with a porosity <12% suggested that a matrix based on alumina and in the matrix contains dispersed particles of zirconium dioxide. The Porosity in the specified range is numerous Applications too high.
In der PCT/AU 98/00793 wird ein dichtes keramisches Material aus einer Spinell-Matrix und einer Mikrorisse ausbildenden Phase beschrieben, wobei letztere aus Zirkoniumdioxid bestehen soll.In the PCT / AU 98/00793 a dense ceramic Material from a spinel matrix and a micro crack training phase described, the latter from Zirconia is said to exist.
Ausgehend von dem vorgenannten Stand der Technik geht die Erfindung einen völlig anderen Weg, um einen feuerfesten keramischen Formkörper zur Verfügung zu stellen, der ins besondere eine gute Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit und eine gute Bruchzähigkeit sowie damit eine gute Duktilität besitzt.Starting from the aforementioned prior art, the Invention a completely different way to make a refractory to provide ceramic molded body, which ins special good resistance to temperature changes and good fracture toughness and thus good ductility owns.
Grundgedanke der Erfindung ist es, den feuerfesten kera mischen Formkörper aus einem Versatz herzustellen, der neben einem feinteiligen feuerfesten oxidischen Matrix material einen begrenzten Anteil an feinteiligem, plätt chenförmigem Graphit enthält. The basic idea of the invention is the refractory kera mix to produce moldings from an offset, the in addition to a finely divided refractory oxidic matrix material a limited proportion of fine, flat contains graphite.
Nach Vermischung der Komponenten, gegebenenfalls Granulation sowie anschließender Formgebung, zum Beispiel in einer hydraulischen Presse, wird der Formkörper redu zierend gebrannt. Der besondere Effekt dabei ist, daß der plättchenförmige Graphit die Ausbildung von feinen und gleichmäßig verteilten Fehlstellen im "Gefüge" des ge brannten Steins verursacht. Der plättchenförmige Graphit führt dazu, daß das versinterte feinteilige Matrixmaterial regelmäßig durch Fehlstellen von kantiger Geometrie unter brochen wird, wobei die Fehlstellen auch nach dem Brand noch vollständig oder teilweise mit den Graphitplättchen gefüllt sind. An diesen Kanten kommt es während der Be lastung (durch thermische oder mechanische Spannungen) zur Ausbildung von Spannungsspitzen sowie zur Initiierung von Mikrorissen. Über diese Spannungsspitzen und Mikrorisse wird Energie abgebaut und der Rißfortschritt gehemmt oder unterbunden.After mixing the components, if necessary Granulation and subsequent shaping, for example in a hydraulic press, the molded body is reduced burned decoratively. The special effect is that the platelet-shaped graphite the formation of fine and evenly distributed defects in the "structure" of the ge burned stone. The platelet-shaped graphite leads to the sintered fine-particle matrix material regularly due to imperfections of angular geometry under is broken, the missing parts even after the fire still completely or partially with the graphite flakes are filled. These edges occur during loading load (due to thermal or mechanical stresses) for Training of voltage peaks and for the initiation of Micro cracks. About these stress peaks and micro cracks energy is reduced and crack propagation is inhibited or prevented.
Diese definierten "Fehlstellen", deren Form im wesent lichen der Form des jeweiligen Graphitteilchens ent spricht, sind mit einem relativ weichen (elastischen) Material, nämlich dem Graphit gefüllt. Der in den Poren einliegende Graphit sorgt dafür, daß auch bei fortschrei tender Versinterung (im Einsatz) die Poren sich nicht ab runden, so daß der beschriebene Effekt auf Dauer erhalten bleibt.These defined "imperfections", their shape essentially Lichen the shape of the respective graphite particle speaks with a relatively soft (elastic) Material, namely the graphite filled. The one in the pores inlaid graphite ensures that even when progressing sintering (in use) the pores do not become clogged round so that the effect described is obtained in the long run remains.
Durch den reduzierenden Sinterbrand kommt es infolge einer vermehrten Bildung von Sauerstoffdefektstellen im Gitter zu einer Anregung der Kationendiffusion. Die Kationendiffusion ist beispielsweise bei einem feuerfesten oxi dischen Matrixmaterial auf Basis Aluminiumoxid oder MA- Spinell der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt während der Versinterung. Die genannten Defekte sind auch wesent lich für die Keimbildung, so daß diese ebenfalls be günstigt wird. Als Folge der hohen Keimbildungsrate kommt es zur Ausbildung eines sehr gleichmäßigen Gefüges, bei welchem die Kristallgrößen gegenüber dem Ausgangsmaterial kaum anwachsen.The reducing sintering fire results from a increased formation of oxygen defects in the grid to stimulate cation diffusion. The cation diffusion is for example with a refractory oxi matrix material based on aluminum oxide or MA- Spinel the rate-limiting step during sintering. The defects mentioned are also essential Lich for nucleation, so that this also be is favored. As a result of the high nucleation rate comes it to form a very even structure which the crystal sizes versus the starting material hardly grow.
Wichtig für eine gute Versinterung ist eine ausreichende Anzahl an Kontaktstellen zwischen den Primärteilchen des Matrixmaterials, weshalb dieses in einer geringen Korn größe < 50 µm eingesetzt werden soll.Adequate is important for good sintering Number of contact points between the primary particles of the Matrix material, which is why this in a small grain size <50 µm should be used.
Die Erfindung betrifft danach in ihrer allgemeinsten Aus führungsform einen reduzierend gebrannten, feuerfesten keramischen Formkörper aus einem Versatz, der neben einem feuerfesten oxidischen Matrixmaterial der Korngröße < 50 µm 1 bis 7 Vol.% plättchenförmigen Graphit der Größe < 50 µm enthält.The invention then relates to its most general form a reducing fired, fireproof ceramic molded body from an offset next to one refractory oxidic matrix material with a grain size <50 µm 1 to 7% by volume of platelet-shaped graphite of size <50 µm contains.
Durch Mischen der Komponenten, gegebenenfalls anschließende Granulierung sowie Formgebung (Pressen) wird der Formkörper so eingestellt, daß er nach dem Brand eine Gesamtporosität < 5,0 Vol.% aufweisen kann, wobei die Gesamtporosität nach Ausführungsformen < 4,5 Vol.% beziehungsweise < 4 Vol.% betragen kann.By mixing the components, if necessary subsequent granulation and shaping (pressing) the molded body adjusted so that it has a Total porosity can have <5.0 vol.%, The Total porosity according to embodiments <4.5 vol.% or <4% by volume.
In diesem Sinne kann das Matrixmaterial des Versatzes in einer Korngröße < 30 µm, nach einer weiteren Ausführungs form < 20 µm eingesetzt werden. In this sense, the matrix material of the offset in a grain size <30 microns, according to another embodiment form <20 µm can be used.
Auch die Größe des Graphits läßt sich nach einer Aus führungsform auf Werte < 30 µm bzw. < 10 µm verringern. Aufgrund der plättchenförmigen Struktur des Graphits beschreibt die angegebene "Größe" die Abmessung entlang der Hauptoberflächen des jeweiligen Plättchens (D50-Wert), dessen Dicke deutlich geringer ist, beispielsweise < 10 µm bzw. < 5 µm.According to one embodiment, the size of the graphite can also be reduced to values <30 µm or <10 µm. Due to the platelet-like structure of the graphite, the “size” described describes the dimension along the main surfaces of the respective platelet (D 50 value), the thickness of which is significantly smaller, for example <10 μm or <5 μm.
Der Brand, der typischerweise bei etwa 1.600 bis 1.700°C durchgeführt wird, sollte so geführt werden, daß das Matrixmaterial nicht reduziert wird und sich eine Sinter dichte des Formkörpers < 95% der Reinstoffdichte des feuerfesten Matrixmaterials einstellt, wobei die Sinter dichte auch < 97% betragen kann.The fire, typically at around 1,600 to 1,700 ° C should be carried out so that the Matrix material is not reduced and there is a sinter density of the molded body <95% of the pure substance density of the refractory matrix material sets, the sinter density can also be <97%.
Das feuerfeste Matrixmaterial des Versatzes kann grund sätzlich aus beliebigen Werkstoffen bestehen, beispiels weise aus einem oder mehreren der nachfolgenden Kompo nenten: MgO, Al2O3, MgO-Al2O3 (MA), MgO-Al2O3-Spinell (MA- Spinell).The refractory matrix material of the batch can basically consist of any materials, for example one or more of the following components: MgO, Al 2 O 3 , MgO-Al 2 O 3 (MA), MgO-Al 2 O 3 spinel ( MA spinel).
Um den Brand in der gewünschten Weise reduzierend zu führen, können die Formteile beispielsweise in einer Koks grießschüttung gebrannt werden.To reduce the fire in the desired way lead, the molded parts, for example in a coke semolina are burned.
Während des Einsatzes des Formkörpers kann der Graphit die Matrixkomponente zumindest zeitlich begrenzt und lokal (an den Fehlstellen) vor der Aufnahme von Fremdoxiden schützen, da beispielsweise die Oxide des Eisens, Mangans, Chroms oder Kupfers reduziert werden. During the use of the shaped body, the graphite can Matrix component at least temporarily and locally (on the defects) before the intake of foreign oxides protect because, for example, the oxides of iron, manganese, Chromium or copper can be reduced.
Ein weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Formkörpers ist seine verminderte Benetzbarkeit gegenüber Schlacken und eine hervorragende Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit.Another advantage of the shaped body according to the invention is its reduced wettability to slags and excellent resistance to temperature changes.
Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merk malen der Unteransprüche sowie den sonstigen Anmeldungs unterlagen.Further features of the invention emerge from the note paint the subclaims and other registration documents.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1999138817 DE19938817C2 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 1999-08-19 | Refractory ceramic molded body |
| PCT/EP2000/006834 WO2001014279A1 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 2000-07-18 | Fireproof ceramic shaped body |
| AU65647/00A AU6564700A (en) | 1999-08-19 | 2000-07-18 | Fireproof ceramic shaped body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1999138817 DE19938817C2 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 1999-08-19 | Refractory ceramic molded body |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19938817A1 DE19938817A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
| DE19938817C2 true DE19938817C2 (en) | 2001-07-05 |
Family
ID=7918566
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1999138817 Expired - Fee Related DE19938817C2 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 1999-08-19 | Refractory ceramic molded body |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU6564700A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19938817C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001014279A1 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4130452A1 (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1993-03-18 | Radex Heraklith | BURNED FIRE-RESISTANT CERAMIC KOERPER |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62148076A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1987-07-02 | Akechi Ceramics Kk | Nozzle for continuous casting |
| JPH0437452A (en) * | 1990-05-31 | 1992-02-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | Nozzle for casting wide and thin slab |
| DE4403869C2 (en) * | 1994-02-08 | 1998-01-15 | Veitsch Radex Ag | Refractory ceramic offset and its use |
-
1999
- 1999-08-19 DE DE1999138817 patent/DE19938817C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-07-18 WO PCT/EP2000/006834 patent/WO2001014279A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-07-18 AU AU65647/00A patent/AU6564700A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4130452A1 (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1993-03-18 | Radex Heraklith | BURNED FIRE-RESISTANT CERAMIC KOERPER |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6564700A (en) | 2001-03-19 |
| WO2001014279A1 (en) | 2001-03-01 |
| DE19938817A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
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