DE19930223A1 - New mobile composting container with cavity wall manufactured by simple adaptation of existing design - Google Patents

Abstract

A mobile enclosed container used to transport, dry and compost organic refuse comprising: (a) a false perforated bottom for the circulation of air; (b) a front cavity wall (32); (c) a cavity with air pumps which aerate the contents; (d) a cavity wall with an air chilling unit (8); and (e) a de-humidifier (9), is new.

Description

The invention relates to a mobile closed container for transportation and composting and / or drying waste.

Closed containers for composting waste are already known. The Waste contains organic components. In the container is a device for Forced ventilation provided. In a previously known device of this type is in an intermediate floor is arranged in the container, which is provided with openings and on which the waste to be composted rests. By one or more re fans an air circuit is created, through which the air in the room betw between the bottom of the container and the intermediate floor. The air flows through the openings in the intermediate floor and penetrates from there into the a waste bed lying on top of it, which flows through it from bottom to top. The air is drawn off above the waste and again through air ducts fed to the cavity between the tank bottom and the intermediate floor.

For waste composting, rotting containers are also already known, which according to a location-independent filling to a central ventilation station can be closed and then again after rotting be emptied regardless of location. This is to prevent everyone Container receives its own ventilation station. Are for this system Containers have been developed that are ventilated by the airstream during transport  that should. However, since the biological process that takes place in the compost, can not be stopped easily, arise in the standing state Transport vehicles anaerobic conditions that lead to a high odor load lead when the containers are ventilated again.

The object of the invention is to provide a mobile closed container for trans porting and composting and / or drying of waste.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1. The container has a device for guiding air, preferably one Air circulation device. Here, the air is preferably from led upwards through the waste. A container is also preferred of the type specified at the outset, in which the waste is in a bed lie on an intermediate floor with openings and at which has a device for guiding and / or circulating the air. The container also has a double wall, in the cavity components are arranged for the device for air guidance. Preferably the front wall designed as a double wall.

The invention enables composting and / or drying of waste or biomass easier and cheaper than before in one mobile, to be used as a transport container or transport container as standard the container or rot silo. It is particularly advantageous that a commercial containers can be used and with a double front can be provided on the wall. In the resulting cavity can single ne or more or all of the components required for air guidance or air Circulation management are required to be accommodated. This can be Devices for ventilation of the waste or the rotting material and internals for Removal of the metabolic products act, such as Luftführungswe ge, fans, heat exchangers, flaps and switching or control devices. The This equipment can be placed so that it is from outside the forehead wall (the outer end wall) operated and / or at will from the container  or containers can be removed. The walls of the construction can at the same time air duct walls, heat exchanger walls and / or bearings for the drives of the fans. The air supply in the waste or in the rotting mixture is preferably directed from the bottom up. Here can between the Hol Men who stiffen the container floor, holes in the container floor for the Air inlet to be present, with the air duct changing in cross section lines can be connected. With a change of location, i.e. with the trans port, the electrical devices can also be powered by the vehicle generator Transport vehicle operated, thereby avoiding anaerobic conditions can be.

The construction required for ventilation can be achieved by the invention considerably lighter and can be accommodated in the smallest space. The exhaust Cleaning can thus meet the respective fresh air requirements during batch operation be adjusted without mixing by unloaded and loaded Difficult conditions arise for exhaust air. The same principle applies here as with waste treatment: If a clean material flow is a ver mixed material flow is added, so the larger material flow is included according to lower concentration of pollutants, which the Effectiveness of the cleaning measure is reduced accordingly.

Advantageous further developments are described in the subclaims.

The container preferably comprises a cooling device for cooling the air or Circulating air and / or a dehumidifying device for dehumidifying the air or Circulating air and / or a filter device for filtering the air or circulating air, in particular exhaust air, especially to remove biological metabolic products the air or circulating air or exhaust air. Another advantageous development is known characterized by a device for supplying fresh oxygen or Fresh air and / or a device for removing exhaust air. The named one direction or the devices mentioned are in the cavity of the double Wall or the double front wall arranged.  

Preferably between the walls of the double wall or double Air duct paths formed in front.

According to a further advantageous development, one or more exhaust air valves fans and / or one or more supply air fans available, in the Cavity of the double wall or double front wall.

There is preferably a volume restriction between the exhaust air outlet and the inlet air inlet intended.

The double wall or double front wall can be removable. Preferential wise the arrangement is such that together with the double wall or double front wall one or more or all existing in the cavity which are part of the device for air ducting can be dismantled. This Be Ingredients or one or more of them are therefore preferably with the dop pelten wall or double front wall connected or attached to this, in front preferably releasably attached. Furthermore, the double wall is preferably mountable or remountable.

Another advantageous development is characterized in that the dop pelte wall or double front wall one or more closable openings gene, preferably airtight closable openings, through the individual or several or all components of the air guiding device and / or the air guideways can be operated and / or cleaned. These components or air flow Routes can preferably also be serviced through the openings.

Another advantageous development is characterized by one or more re heat exchanger. The one or more heat exchangers can have heat pipes; they can consist of heat pipes. If several, i.e. at least two, Heat exchangers are provided, these are preferably via a heat pump connected with each other.  

According to a further advantageous development, a small electrical chip is Power supply available through which the electrical connection is made.

It is advantageous if the electric motors (drive motors) of the components the air guiding device can be driven by the transport vehicle, preferably wise by the generator of the transport vehicle.

Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying Drawing explained in detail. In the drawing shows

Fig. 1 shows a mobile closed container for transporting and composted waste in a lateral sectional view,

Fig. 2 shows the container according to Fig. 1 in a perspective view;

Fig. 3 shows the front wall of the container of FIGS. 1 and 2 in a view from the front and

Fig. 4 is a section through the front wall in Fig. 3.

The container shown in Fig. 1 is a conventional transport container with standard dimensions. Waste 31 is located in the container and rests in a bed on an intermediate floor (perforated floor) 10 provided with openings, namely holes. An air duct 11 is formed below the perforated base 10 , via which supply air is supplied, which flows through the holes in the perforated base 10 and then flows through the waste 31 from bottom to top. At its top, the container is closed abge by a lid 8 . The rear panel flap 9 is located on the rear.

The front wall of the container is designed as a double front wall 32 . The exhaust air which has passed through the waste 31 is drawn off above the waste 31st It first flows through a climatic chamber 14 which is located in the upper region of the double front wall 32 . It then flows through a cooler 3 arranged below it. It is driven by an exhaust fan 1 , which is located below the cooler in the double front wall 32 . An exhaust air flap is provided below the exhaust air fan 1 , through which the exhaust air or a part thereof can be introduced into an exhaust air pipe 33 . The exhaust air then flows through the heat pump 7 , which is located below the exhaust air flap 5 .

A heater 4 is arranged below the heat pump 7 , by means of which the exhaust air is heated. Below this is a fresh air flap 6 , which can be opened completely or partially and can be introduced through the fresh air. The supply air fan 2 is arranged under the fresh air flap and conveys the air further down into the air duct 11 .

To increase the stability of the container in the region of its double front wall 32 is provided with one or more frames 12 . Furthermore, rollers 13 are arranged in the rear area of the container, through which the container can be transported by means of a hook lift. The hook or hooks of one or more hoists or cranes are introduced into corresponding holes in the front region of the container, for example into holes in the frame 12 , and the container is then lifted up at the front and transported on rollers 13 .

Fig. 2 shows the container in a perspective view.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, the double front wall is shown from the front and the side in section. It has in its upper region louvers 2 through which the air which is located between the upper end of the waste bed (reference number 31 in FIG. 1) and the cover (reference number 8 in FIG. 1) is drawn off. The exhaust air passes through the vertical slots 2 in the cavity of the double front wall.

Below the ventilation slots 2 , an obliquely extending air guide plate 10 is arranged through which the exhaust air in the upper horizontal tube 34 of the heat exchanger 8 is passed. The heat exchanger 8 also has a plurality of vertical pipes, on which water from the exhaust air condenses, which can be collected and discharged via the outlet 11 . At the end of the tube 34 a Tropfenab separator 9 is provided, the condensate is also fed to the outlet 11 . In the flow direction behind the droplet separator 9 is the fan 4 , which directs the air downwards into a U-shaped tube section and from there into a second tube 35 , which is arranged below the first tube 34 and runs in the opposite direction. In the area of the U-shaped pipe section, the exhaust air flap 5 is arranged, through which part of the exhaust air can be drawn off. The exhaust air flap 5 can, however, also be completely closed if a full recirculation mode is to be carried out.

At the beginning of the second tube 35 , the Venetian blind flap 7 is provided, which is driven by a controllable motor and which consists of a plurality of Jalou flaps, through the angular position of which the flow cross-section of the tube 35 can be reduced more or less. The louver flap 7 represents a throttle device. In the flow direction behind the louver flap 7 , the supply air flap 6 is provided, which can be opened completely or partially and which, like the exhaust air flap 5 , can also be actuated by a controllable motor. The supply air flap 6 can, however, also be completely closed.

The vertical tubes of the heat exchanger 8 protrude into the second tube 35 . At the end of the second pipe 35 , a fan 3 is provided, through which the air is guided into a vertical pipe section 36 and from there via a distributor 37 through the horizontal louvers 1 into the air duct (reference number 11 in FIG. 1) below the intermediate floor (Reference number 10 in Fig. 1) on which the waste rests.

The double front wall 32 consists, as can be seen in FIG. 4, of a rear wall 19 and a front wall 16 , between which a cavity is formed in which the components described are located.

An electrical low voltage supply 15 is attached to the rear wall 19 below the heat exchanger 8 . The container is also provided in the region of its double front wall 32 with a frame part 17 (corresponds to the frame 12 in FIG. 1). Furthermore, an outlet 13 is provided in the front wall of the container below the ventilation slots 1 through which leachate is derived who can.

The heat exchanger is based on the heat pipe. In vertical The heat-absorbing carrier liquid is arranged in the upper channel part climb up, diverted and led down through the capillary, whereby it then displaces the colder liquid from the bottom up and the heat inside releases the lower part of the duct to the air to be added to the rotting mixture. Still is it is possible by combining two heat exchangers with one heat pump to cool the air in the upper part of the duct, water to be discharged from the exhaust air and the condensation energy absorbed by the heat transfer medium Dehumidification of the air by means of a heat pump in the lower duct part Supply air to be transmitted.

At the outlet of the heat exchanger in the upper channel part there is a drop separator (reference number 9 in Fig. 3). After the exhaust fan (reference numeral 4 in Fig. 3), the air enriched with the metabolic product carbon dioxide can be discharged from the circuit via a valve (exhaust flap 5 in Fig. 3) in front of a throttle device (shutter flap 7 in Fig. 3) and after the throttle (Jalou sieve flap 7 in Fig. 3) via a valve (supply air flap 6 in Fig. 3) oxygen or fresh air can be introduced because the fresh air fan (fan 3 in Fig. 3) generates a negative pressure here. The exhaust air can, if it is odor-laden, be connected to suitable exhaust air cleaning devices. With - as far as possible according to the state of the art - cooling as far as possible up to the frost limit, bad smells can be almost completely avoided, since also bad smelling nitrogen compounds have to be separated.

If the container or container with a device according to the invention allowed, the further advantage is achieved that a Vermi cleaning with exhaust air from other containers in a central system makes Reini more difficult  is avoided. The invention also makes it possible to do this before retrofit existing containers.

As described and shown in FIGS . 3 and 4, the amount of atmospheric oxygen required for the anaerobic biodegradation of organic substance is taken from the circulated air. The air slots 1 and 2 , the air guide plates 10 and 18 , the fans 3 and 4 , the shutter flap 7 , the exhaust air flap 5 , the supply air flap 6 , the wall 16 , the wall 19 and the wall 20 (side wall) are used for the circulation. Leachate can be drained through outlet 13 , condensate can be drained through outlet 11 . Water droplets emerging from the heat exchanger 8 are discharged via the droplet separator 9 .

The invention enables a method for composting and / or Drying in a closed, mobile container with air circulation perform from bottom to top through the rotting mixture. In one by one The double front wall created can cool and dehumidify air biological metabolic products can be removed from it and fri shear oxygen can be added. The circulating air is on air ducts, which are specially designed between the walls, through exhaust air and supply air fans moved. The exhaust air and the supply air are cooled by heat exchangers warmed up. After the exhaust air fan, exhaust air is continued and fresh air is supplied, whereby there is a volume restriction between the exhaust air outlet and the inlet air inlet. The construction is mobile, so that it can be removed from the container at any time remote or can be inserted into this. The channel cross sections are the same adjusted by changing air flow rates. The airtight during operation closed air ducts are opened by airtight closable can be operated and cleaned.

Claims (15)

1. Mobile closed container for transporting and composting and / or drying waste with a device for guidance, preferably for circulating air, the container having a double wall, preferably a double front wall ( 32 ), in the cavity of which components of the device are arranged for air guidance. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized by a cooling device ( 8 ) for cooling the air or circulating air. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a dehumidifying device ( 9 ) for dehumidifying the air or circulating air. 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized through a filter device for filtering the air or recirculated air or exhaust air, ins especially for removing biological metabolites from the air or recirculated air or exhaust air.   5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a device for supplying fresh oxygen or fresh air and / or a device for removing exhaust air. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that air ducts are formed between the walls. 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by one or more exhaust fans and / or one or more Supply air fans. 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a volume restriction ( 7 ) between exhaust air outlet ( 5 ) and supply air inlet ( 6 ). 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that the double wall is removable. 10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the double wall ( 32 ) has closable openings through which the components of the air guiding device and / or the air guide paths can be operated and cleaned. 11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by one or more heat exchangers ( 8 ). 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the or the heat exchanger ( 8 ) has heat pipes. 13. The apparatus of claim 11 or 12, characterized in that several re heat exchangers ( 8 ) are provided which are connected to each other via a heat pump. 14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an electrical low voltage supply ( 15 ). 15. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that the motors of the components of the air guide device the transport vehicle can be driven.