DE19917419A1 - Electrical spur rotation has polyphase machine with switches either in parallel or series activating the rotational speed to the output terminals of the static converter - Google Patents
Electrical spur rotation has polyphase machine with switches either in parallel or series activating the rotational speed to the output terminals of the static converterInfo
- Publication number
- DE19917419A1 DE19917419A1 DE19917419A DE19917419A DE19917419A1 DE 19917419 A1 DE19917419 A1 DE 19917419A1 DE 19917419 A DE19917419 A DE 19917419A DE 19917419 A DE19917419 A DE 19917419A DE 19917419 A1 DE19917419 A1 DE 19917419A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- energy
- drive according
- machine
- series
- saving
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
- H02P25/092—Converters specially adapted for controlling reluctance motors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/22—Multiple windings; Windings for more than three phases
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Moderne elektrische Antriebe für Drehzahlbereiche konstanter Leistung - insbesondere von Fahrzeugen aber auch von Werkzeugmaschinen - bestehen aus elektromechanischen Energiewandlern, d. h. elektrischen Maschinen unterschiedlicher Bauart, sowie einem Stromrichter, welcher die elektrische Energie eines Netzes oder Fahrdrahtes mit annähernd konstanter Spannung und Frequenz in eine solche von, mit der Drehzahl der Maschine veränderlichen Frequenz und Spannung umwandelt.Modern electric drives for speed ranges of constant power - especially from Vehicles but also machine tools - consist of electromechanical Energy converters, d. H. electrical machines of different types, as well as one Power converter, which approximates the electrical energy of a network or contact wire constant voltage and frequency in such a, with the speed of the machine variable frequency and voltage converts.
Um die im Stromrichter zu installierende Leistung bei gegebenem, maximalen Drehmoment (M1 in Fig. 1) sowie Höchstdrehzahl (n3 in Fig. 1) für einen bestimmten Drehzahlbereich mit annähernd konstanter Antriebsleistung (P = konst. in Fig. 1) in Grenzen zu halten, bzw. zu minimieren, wird das induzierende Luftspaltfeld in der Maschine annähernd umgekehrt proportional der ansteigenden Drehzahl (bei annähernd gleichbleibendem Strombelag) geschwächt, sodaß die Klemmenspannung im theoretischen Grenzfall bis zur Höchstdrehzahl in ihrer Höhe gleichbleibt.In order to limit the power to be installed in the converter for a given maximum torque (M 1 in FIG. 1) and maximum speed (n 3 in FIG. 1) for a specific speed range with approximately constant drive power (P = constant in FIG. 1) To maintain or minimize, the inducing air gap field in the machine is weakened approximately inversely proportional to the increasing speed (with approximately the same amount of current), so that the terminal voltage in the theoretical limit case remains the same up to the maximum speed.
Ein Nachteil in Bezug auf den Energieverbrauch besteht für diese Betriebsweise darin, daß die Kupferverluste im gesamten Bereich der Feldschwächung (Drehzahlbereich konstanter Leistung) auf Höhe des Maximalwertes bleiben - auch wenn das erzeugte Drehmoment auf einen Bruchteil absinkt.A disadvantage in terms of energy consumption for this mode of operation is that the copper losses in the entire field weakening range (speed range more constant Power) remain at the maximum value - even if the torque generated is on drops a fraction.
Erfindungsgemäß kann der Energieverbrauch zufolge Maschinenverlustleistung entscheidend verringert werden, wenn ab einer Drehzahl nx (Fig. 1) die Zuordnung von Maschinenwindungsspannung und Stromrichterklemmenspannung durch zusätzliches Umschalten mit Hilfe eines (zusätzlichen) mechanischen oder elektronischen Schalters3 in Fig. 2 verändert wird, wie folgendes vereinfachte Beispiel zeigt:According to the invention, the energy consumption due to machine power loss can be decisively reduced if the assignment of the machine winding voltage and the converter terminal voltage is changed from an engine speed n x ( FIG. 1) by additional switching with the aid of an (additional) mechanical or electronic switch 3 in FIG. 2, as follows simplified example shows:
Jede Phasenwicklung einer mehrphasigen Maschine besteht nach Fig. 2 z. B. aus zwei gleichen, parallel oder in Reihe schaltbaren Teilen 1 und 2, welche im Drehzahlbereich n1 bis nx (Fig. 1) in Reihe an die Stromrichterausgangsklemmen 4 und 5 geschaltet seien, (Schalterstellung 6), wobei nx = 2 n1 beträgt; wird das Luftspaltfeld umgekehrt proportional der Maschinendrehzahl verändert, so erreicht es bei der doppelten Grunddrehzahl (2 n1) die Hälfte seines Maximalwertes. Each phase winding of a multi-phase machine is shown in FIG . B. from two identical parts 1 and 2 which can be connected in parallel or in series and which are connected in series in the speed range n 1 to n x ( FIG. 1) to the converter output terminals 4 and 5 (switch position 6 ), where n x = 2 n is 1 ; If the air gap field is changed inversely proportional to the machine speed, it reaches half of its maximum value at twice the basic speed (2 n 1 ).
Nachdem das erforderliche Drehmoment gleichfalls auf die Hälfte des Maximalwertes abgesunken ist kann der Betrieb auch in Schalterstellung 7 nach Fig. 2 erfolgen, wozu das Maschinenfeld wieder auf den Maximalwert angehoben wird: durch Wegschalten einer Wicklungshälfte werden also die Kupferverluste auf die Hälfte reduziert.After the required torque has also dropped to half the maximum value, operation can also take place in switch position 7 according to FIG. 2, for which purpose the machine field is raised again to the maximum value: by switching off one winding half, the copper losses are reduced to half.
Dieses Wegschalten von Wicklungsteilen kann im Drehzahlbereich n1 bis n3 (Fig. 1) einmal oder auch mehrmals - für viele Antriebsdrehzahlen entsprechend n1 ≦ nx ≦ n3 - erfolgen, wobei die Kupferverluste im Verhältnis n1/nx reduziert werden.This disconnection of winding parts can take place in the speed range n 1 to n 3 ( FIG. 1) one or more times - for many drive speeds corresponding to n 1 ≦ n x ≦ n 3 - the copper losses being reduced in the ratio n 1 / n x .
Darüberhinaus gibt es für bestimmte Phasenzahlen bzw. Anzahl von Wicklungsabschnitten die Möglichkeit, unter Nutzung sämtlicher Wicklungsteile durch Umschalten die Anzahl in Reihe geschalteter Wicklungselemente zu reduzieren: in obigem Beispiel werden demnach die beiden Wicklungshälften 1 und 2 bezogen auf die Stromrichterausgangsklemmen 4 und 5 (Fig. 3) für Drehzahlen bis n = nx in Reihe und darüber parallel geschaltet (Fig. 3), wodurch sich die Kupferverluste auf ein Viertel verringern (allgemein quadratisch mit dem Verhältnis n1/nx). Derselbe Effekt (wie durch das Weg- oder Umschalten der Wicklung) ergibt sich auch für den Fall, daß der Wechselrichter aus mehreren parallel oder in Reihe schaltbaren Teilstromrichtern besteht, indem die Anzahl der bezüglich der Ausgangsspannung in Reihe geschalteten Teilstromrichter bei Drehzahlen n < n1, durch Umschalten erhöht wird.In addition, for certain phase numbers or number of winding sections, there is the possibility, using all winding parts, to reduce the number of winding elements connected in series by switching: in the above example, the two winding halves 1 and 2 are therefore related to the converter output terminals 4 and 5 ( Fig. 3) for speeds up to n = n x connected in series and above in parallel ( FIG. 3), which reduces the copper losses to a quarter (generally square with the ratio n 1 / n x ). The same effect (as by switching off or switching the winding) also results in the case that the inverter consists of several partial converters which can be connected in parallel or in series, in that the number of partial converters connected in series with respect to the output voltage at speeds n <n 1 , is increased by switching.
Bei vielen Anwendungen - z. B. Fahrzeugantriebe - liegt der überwiegende Anteil an der Betriebsdauer im oberen Drehzahlbereich, in welchem die Stromwärmeverluste gemäß vorliegender Erfindung durch zusätzliches Um- oder Wegschalten von Wicklungsteilen auf einen Bruchteil reduziert und somit der Energieverbrauch erheblich gesenkt werden kann. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich durch das zusätzliche Weg- bzw. Umschalten der Vorteil, daß bei gegebenem Drehzahlbereich annähernd konstanter Leistung das Verhältnis von Maximal- zu Minimalfeld entsprechend reduziert wird und damit der Stromrichteraufwand und/oder der Aufwand für die Feldschwächung in der Maschine verringert werden kann.In many applications - e.g. B. Vehicle drives - is the predominant part of the Operating time in the upper speed range, in which the current heat losses according to present invention by additional switching or switching of winding parts reduced a fraction and thus the energy consumption can be significantly reduced. In addition, the additional switching or switching has the advantage that at given speed range of approximately constant power the ratio of maximum to Minimal field is reduced accordingly and thus the converter effort and / or Effort for weakening the field in the machine can be reduced.
Besonders vorteilhaft kann sich die Anwendung vorliegender Erfindung im Falle einer Anordnung sehr intensiver Wärmeabfuhr (z. B. Flüssigkeitskühlung in der elektrischen Maschine) auswirken:The application of the present invention can be particularly advantageous in the case of a Arrangement of very intensive heat dissipation (e.g. liquid cooling in the electrical Machine):
Gegenüber einer herkömmlichen Luftkühlung können bei gleicher Leistungsfähigkeit (Drehmoment-/Drehzahlbereich, in welchem der Antrieb betrieben werden kann) Abmessungen und Masse der Maschine verringert werden, ohne daß wegen der erhöhten Maschinenverlustleistung der Energieverbrauch im oberen Drehzahlbereich ansteigen muß.Compared to conventional air cooling, the same performance can be achieved (Torque / speed range in which the drive can be operated) Dimensions and mass of the machine can be reduced without increasing because of the Machine power loss the energy consumption must increase in the upper speed range.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19917419A DE19917419A1 (en) | 1999-04-10 | 1999-04-10 | Electrical spur rotation has polyphase machine with switches either in parallel or series activating the rotational speed to the output terminals of the static converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19917419A DE19917419A1 (en) | 1999-04-10 | 1999-04-10 | Electrical spur rotation has polyphase machine with switches either in parallel or series activating the rotational speed to the output terminals of the static converter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE19917419A1 true DE19917419A1 (en) | 2000-10-12 |
Family
ID=7904930
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19917419A Withdrawn DE19917419A1 (en) | 1999-04-10 | 1999-04-10 | Electrical spur rotation has polyphase machine with switches either in parallel or series activating the rotational speed to the output terminals of the static converter |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE19917419A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1717947A2 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-11-02 | LG Electronics Inc. | Switched reluctance generator with improved generation efficiency in low-speed range |
WO2007040821A1 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-12 | Caterpillar Inc. | Selectively configurable electric motor |
WO2009030542A2 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electrical machine |
EP2477326A1 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2012-07-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electromotor with parallel series connection of partial windings and method for operating same |
WO2012119670A1 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-13 | C. & E. Fein Gmbh | Electric drive |
DE102014209652A1 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electric machine device, vehicle and method |
DE102014209653A1 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Control device, electric machine and method |
WO2016113398A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-07-21 | Punch Powertrain N.V. | Switched reluctance motor and method therefore. |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0181938A1 (en) * | 1984-04-14 | 1986-05-28 | Fanuc Ltd. | Controller for an induction motor |
DD259506A1 (en) * | 1987-04-06 | 1988-08-24 | Werkzeugmasch Forschzent | CONTROL ARRANGEMENT FOR A DRIVER-DRIVEN THREE-PHASE DRIVE WITH ASYNCHOON MOTOR AND SHORT-CIRCUIT LOADER |
US4916376A (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1990-04-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki | Inverter driving method for induction motors |
US5070291A (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1991-12-03 | Fanuc Ltd. | Connection switching apparatus for three-phase induction motor |
-
1999
- 1999-04-10 DE DE19917419A patent/DE19917419A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0181938A1 (en) * | 1984-04-14 | 1986-05-28 | Fanuc Ltd. | Controller for an induction motor |
DD259506A1 (en) * | 1987-04-06 | 1988-08-24 | Werkzeugmasch Forschzent | CONTROL ARRANGEMENT FOR A DRIVER-DRIVEN THREE-PHASE DRIVE WITH ASYNCHOON MOTOR AND SHORT-CIRCUIT LOADER |
US4916376A (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1990-04-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki | Inverter driving method for induction motors |
US5070291A (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1991-12-03 | Fanuc Ltd. | Connection switching apparatus for three-phase induction motor |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
KUME,Tsuneo, et.al.: A Wide Constant Power Range Vector-Controlled ac Motor Drive Using Winding Changeover Technique. In: IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, Vol.27, No.5, Sep./Oct. 1991, S.934-939 * |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1717947A2 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-11-02 | LG Electronics Inc. | Switched reluctance generator with improved generation efficiency in low-speed range |
EP1717947A3 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-12-06 | LG Electronics Inc. | Switched reluctance generator with improved generation efficiency in low-speed range |
CN1841915B (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2011-01-19 | Lg电子株式会社 | Switched reluctance generator with improved generation efficiency in low-speed range |
US7400071B2 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2008-07-15 | Caterpillar Inc. | Selectively configurable electric motor |
WO2007040821A1 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-12 | Caterpillar Inc. | Selectively configurable electric motor |
WO2009030542A2 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electrical machine |
WO2009030542A3 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2010-07-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electrical machine |
EP2477326A1 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2012-07-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electromotor with parallel series connection of partial windings and method for operating same |
WO2012119670A1 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-13 | C. & E. Fein Gmbh | Electric drive |
DE102014209652A1 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electric machine device, vehicle and method |
DE102014209653A1 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Control device, electric machine and method |
WO2016113398A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-07-21 | Punch Powertrain N.V. | Switched reluctance motor and method therefore. |
BE1022795B1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-09-07 | Punch Powertrain Nv | SWITCHED ENGINE RELUCTANCE AND METHOD FOR THIS |
CN107438945A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2017-12-05 | 邦奇动力有限责任公司 | Switched reluctance motor and its method |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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OM8 | Search report available as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law | ||
8122 | Nonbinding interest in granting licences declared | ||
8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant |
Owner name: LEITGEB, WILHELM, DR. TECHN., 97204 HOECHBERG, DE |
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8181 | Inventor (new situation) |
Free format text: ERFINDER IST ANMELDER |
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8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |