DE19834853A1 - Backing material and its use as well as cold-forming processes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a support material for forming a superficial lubricant support layer and to the use of same. The invention further relates to a method for cold forming, according to which such a layer is deposited on a material to be deformed. The aim of the invention is to minimize the abrasive effects of the lubricant support layer on the workpiece to be deformed which occur with known support materials. To this end, and to form the superficial lubricant support layer, a support material is used whose formulation at least partly consists of an organic compound from the lactam group. The method provided for in the invention is economical, permits high productivity and efficiency and can be carried out using a considerably lower proportion of salt crystals in the lubricant support layer than is possible with known methods.

Description

The present invention relates to a carrier material for Formation of a superficial lubricant carrier layer as well as its use. The invention further relates to a method for cold forming, in which such Layer is applied to a material to be deformed.

It is known (see for example Lueger, Lexikon der Technik, Volume 8, pages 545 to 547), for cold forming proceed like pulling the wire in particular, but also in tube drawing, deep drawing and cold rolling, between the to processing material (workpiece) and the respective plant to apply a separating lubricant. For this, the - usually by hot forming, in particular rolling, preformed - raw material first descaled, d. H. a oxide layer formed on the material (especially at scale layer, but also rust) is removed to create a shiny metallic surface hold (compare Lueger, Volume 5, page 183). With wire is usually a multiple bending process for descaling turns, the wire being guided around several deflection rollers becomes, which is disadvantageously already a  undefinable deformation (elongation) leads to the actual Only defined during the subsequent drawing processes should be done. For a complete, complete removal the oxide layer has also had to be pickled; the material is used for this pickling - in the case of wire in a state rolled up into rings (so-called coils) - immersed in an acid bath (reduction in pH value to approx. 1) and then wash (to raise the pH to approx. 6 to 7) sert. This is usually followed by another new one treatment in a lime bath; through this so-called Liming becomes a lubricant carrier layer at the same time educated. Alternatively, this can be a lubricant carrier layer is also formed by so-called phosphating den (see Lueger, Volume 8, page 546). The grease middle beam fills the valleys of the rough material surface from (underground filler) and thus serves for anchoring an actual separation to be applied subsequently lubricant. It is wire drawing today usually around a solid lubricant on soaps base, especially metal soap base, such as. B. Lithium Stearate (so-called "drying", compare Lueger, Volume 8, page 124). The wire is on every drawing pulled through a carbide or diamond die and reduced and elongated in cross-section (plastic, in essential non-cutting deformation). The drawing nozzle is one Upstream container in which the solid lubricant in Powder form, and the wire runs through it Grease and constantly takes particles with them, which then in form a "lubricating film" in the drawing nozzle.

With this known method there is now a great deal of effort the pre-treatment of the material is a serious disadvantage. Especially the "wet chemical process" - degreasing, pickling,  Passivation, wet coating (liming / phosphating) - leads to high operating costs as well as increasing Dimensions at considerable disposal costs of the acids as well as new Treatment and lime / phosphate sludges. Also contains the lubricant disadvantageously salts, such as sulfates, Borates or oxalates in hard, crystalline form and the surfaces when passing through the drawing nozzle increase the roughness of the wire.

WO 9511096 A1 also describes a method of known type, in which to form the Lubricant carrier layer is a dry carrier material, d. H. a in the "dry phase", not in Carrier dissolved in water or another solvent material is applied at about room temperature. This preferably powder and / or granular dry Carrier material is preferably mechanically by Auf press or press applied so that it is expensive no need for wet chemical processes. The effort for that Application of a lubricant carrier layer and preferably - this also applies to the required material pretreatment reduced, but at least a consistently good one Separation lubrication during the subsequent cold forming process guaranteed driving. Due to the improved lubrication properties increased productivity can also be achieved become.

In WO 9511096 A1 there is also a special device described for applying the dry carrier material. This assigns a "dry coating container" Includes a variety of loose pressure bodies as well a certain amount of dry material, whereby to form the lubricant carrier layer on the  in each case at least in regions within the container arranged material the pressure surrounding the material body in such a way that they can be moved even contact across the material surface contacts the drying medium contained between them press mechanically onto the surface of the material, rub on or press on. The quite small particles of the Dry matter is thereby firmly in the existing Material roughness indented. The device can be a Have screw, injector or dry diving system.

The dry carrier material known from WO 9511096 A1 consists of a preferably powder and / or granulate shaped dry recipe, which - as a "reactive component" - a soap portion, especially a metal soap and preferably - as a "non-reactive component" - certain Contains fillers. The preferred contained "non-reactive Component "(fillers) ensures good adhesion to the Material surface by - due to a low Particle size of the fillers - fills in the unevenness and thus acts as a primer. The "Reactive component" can - depending on the amount of it in the Dry matter contained proportion - already a sufficient appropriate lubrication for the subsequent forming process (e.g. wire drawing), so that a additional lubricant can be completely unnecessary. Preferential however, an "actual lubricant" is added, which is a known solid lubricant with Metal soap shares can act. The soap content of the Dry carrier material and the dry lubricant then react in this way, in particular by balancing the pH with each other that good adhesion of the dry lubricant by means of the lubricant produced according to the invention  telträgersicht on the material is reached. Also in according to the concrete formulations of the dry material WO 9511096 A1 are in proportions of about 25 to 50 sal ze, such as lithium phosphate, potash and other carbonates provided that can be in crystalline form, whereby the above described when passing the drawing nozzle undesirable sanding effect can occur.

The invention has for its object a carrier material to improve al of the type described above in such a way that the abrasive effect of the lubricant carrier layer in the Cold forming is minimized. The Ver drive in which - as described above - an upper flat lubricant carrier layer is formed as cost-effectively as possible, with high productivity and efficiency ciency as well as without - or at least with one compared to the known method significantly reduced proportion - hard (r) Salt crystals can be realized in the lubricant carrier layer be to their negative influence on the roughness of the turn off the drawn wire. The carrier material should in addition preferably by a uni as possible Versatile range of uses, d. H. for both wet chemical and also suitable for dry coating processes.

According to the invention, this is achieved by a carrier material achieved type described, that as at least antei an organic compound contains the group of lactams. This carrier material is coming according to the invention in a process of the aforementioned Kind of application.

Lactams are a group of cyclic amides that they contain the atom group -NH-CO- a strongly pola  their character and therefore to a considerable extent adhesive have shafts. So already owns in the amide group contained keto group itself a dipole moment of 2.5 debye. The invention is based on the knowledge that Lactams are advantageously capable of being ionogenic Function of salts, albeit in a weakened form, see above but sufficient for the intended purpose take over and so especially inorganic salts in one Lubricant carrier layer partially or completely substitute. The minimum limit required for this is considered a dipole moment of 1.7 Debye. Depending on the number A distinction is made between the carbon atoms present in the ring α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ε-lactams etc. Characteristic of all These substances are especially her tautomerism with the Lactimes (atomic group -N = C (OH) -), which refer to the light mot of the hydrogen bound to the nitrogen Protons and thus lactams as proton donors, d. H. as Brønstedt acids, and - associated with it - before sometimes a comparatively high chemical affini activity, for example to metal ions. The The pronounced polarity of the lactams is characteristic usually a pronounced, up to hygroscopy sufficient hydrophilicity, which this group of substances in particular predestined for a carrier material according to the invention, the as an aqueous solution or as a hydrogel or sol, for example applied in an immersion bath or in a spray process can be. Despite the strongly pronounced adhesive properties Surprisingly, the lactams have emerged shows that these, if at least a proportionate Be component of a superficial lubricant carrier layer for a material to be shaped in a cold forming process be used to improve the tribological Properties in the sense of a reduction in the coefficient of friction  and minimizing abrasive wear in the ver effect directly to the known carrier materials.

On the one hand, many lactams can be easily created polymerize, on the other hand are water in particular soluble homopolymers or copolymers known, the lactam rings included as functional groups, including below especially those with γ-lactam rings as advantageous in Have proven the meaning of the invention. Also this macromolecule Laren substances should therefore be referred to below under the term Lactams are subsumed. Co-polymerization can with, for example, vinyl acetate or fumaric acid Monomers take place. With increasing vinyl acetate content can advantageously the moisture resistance of the co Polymers can be improved.

According to the invention can be used to form the lubricant carrier layer preferably also uses a carrier material be an organic compound with apolar groups or residues, such as alkyl or alkylaryl groups or residues, contains. The lubricant carrier material gets on this Advantageously, an amphiphilic, surfactant Character, d. H. it contains both polar and lipo- or oleophilic parts, which on the one hand makes a good one Adhesion to the cold-formed material and on the other hand on one subsequent to the lubricant carrier layer Applicable lubricant, such as. B. on a solid lubricant fabric, preferably based on soap, can be achieved.

The apolar groups or residues can either in Molecule of the substance, for example one of the above ten copolymers containing the lactam rings, or also in an independent recipe component, e.g. in  a nonionic surfactant. In the case of Use of a co-polymer can be longer-chain apolar Groups or residues by co-polymerization, for example by block co-polymerization, with alkanoic acids, such as capric acid (or also decene) or lauric acid (or also dodecene) to arachidic acid (or also eikosen), take place as monomers. With an increasing chain length the macromolecules, d. H. with increasing molar mass note that if this is due to a higher increasing aliphatic proportion of monomers, in Based on the so-called grape rule also the lipophilic Character increases and therefore advantageously targeted can be put.

In this way it is advantageous depending on the also aimed for processing in a wide range specific HLB value can be set specifically. Below the HLB value (HLB - hydrophilic lipophilic balance) becomes general a measure of the water and fat friendliness of Emulsifiers, surfactants and other surface-active agents Understood substances that affect the stability of an emulsion Systems describes quantitatively. Should the invention Carrier material, for example, as an oil-in-water emul sion are used, so it can be a wax and / or Oil formulation component, in particular a paraffin, Vaseline, stearic acid, paraffin oil and / or silicone Oil content included as a recipe component, and on one HLB value set in the range from 8 to 18 become. If the carrier material according to the invention, for example be used as a water-in-oil emulsion, so it can also be a wax and / or oil recipe constituent, in particular a paraffin, petroleum jelly, stea rinsic acid, paraffin oil and / or silicone oil as a recipe  Turbo component included, but on a range of 8 up to 18 HLB value can be set. An HLB value against in the range from 12 to 17, in particular from 15 on the other hand, it is characteristic of one as a solution mediator carrier material used.

In the sense of waxes, waxes are generally material-economical carrier material to be produced, in particular synthetic Consider waxes as part of the recipe. Such waxes, such as oxidized polyethylene waxes are not only emulsifiable, they also have them for example also a high oil absorption capacity and a high melting point.

From the point of view of a high level of occupational safety of the method according to the invention and the safe handling of a carrier material according to the invention, a carrier material is preferred among the homopolymers or copolymers containing lactam rings to form the lubricant carrier layer, the poly-N-vinyl-γ- butyrolactam ent. This substance is a water-soluble thermoplastic, which has been used successfully for decades in the human physiological field. It can be taken orally without hesitation and brought into contact with the skin. For example, this substance is known to be used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of tablet coatings. Also used as a blood plasma replacement, as a hair spray component, as a carrier for skin disinfectants (iodophor), as a bladder catheter coating (LoFric®-Cath-Kit ^TM ), as a thickening component of lubricants for sexual intercourse ( US Pat. No. 5,208,031) and more recently as a breast implant (NOVAGOLD ^™ ) are known. The monograph by BVRobinson contains, for example, a summary of the toxicology, "A Critical Review of the Kinetics Toxicology of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Povidone)", Lewis Publishers, 1990, 232 p.

Poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam is a white, hygroscopic Powder that works well in water, alcohols, ethyl acetate, chloro form, methylene chloride and other chlorinated hydrocarbons can be solved, and therefore except in the solid state also dissolved in these substances, possibly in a colloidal disper system as a carrier material on a cold-formed Metal can be applied. Poly-N-vinyl dissolves in water γ-butyrolactam under a slightly acidic reaction. Although that Nitrogen atom of poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam on the one hand to the vinyl chain and on the other hand within the lactam bound around confirms the above ne statement on the acid character of the lactams. As a component of color detergents is poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam under other suitable for this reason, for example, anioni bind dyes as complexes. In dioxane, tetrahy dofuran and toluene is the solubility of poly-N-vinyl-γ butyrolactam moderate, in ethers, mineral oils and aliphati hydrocarbons are almost non-existent.

The above HLB value is causal with the electrophoretic or so-called zeta potential, which in the optimal HLB area shows a maximum. For example electrophoretic studies of the mobility of com plexes, the poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam and sodium do decyl sulfonate were formed, show that this mobility and thus the zeta potential regardless of the molar Mass of the poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam is (J. Biochem. (Tokyo) (1974), 75 (2), pp. 309-319), however, one  molar mass of about 10,000 to 50,000, in particular of about 20,000 to 40,000 for poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam or also for one of the copolymers mentioned above Use in a carrier material according to the invention as viewed optimally. Usually, poly-N-vinyl-γ butyrolactam at different degrees of polymerization average molar mass in the range of approximately 10,000 to 360,000 exhibit.

The density of the poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam is about 1.25 g / cm ³ and its glass transition temperature is about 175 ° C. The latter is advantageous for the use according to the invention, since in the case of a wire material to be deformed in the drawing process, when it passes through the drawing nozzle, this temperature is barely sufficient due to the dissipative processes occurring.

According to the invention are thus both for organi compounds from the group of lactams, in particular of homo- or co-polymers, which are preferably W-lactam rings, as well as especially for poly-N-vinyl-γ- butyrolactam a new purpose and as too at least part of a superficial smear material carrier layer for a in a cold forming process deforming material, especially for a drawing drive to be deformed wire material, being on the lubricant carrier layer subsequently has a solid lubricant fabric can be applied.

As already mentioned, this can serve as a carrier material Poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam in the dry phase, ins especially in powder and / or granule form above all mechanically by pressing, rubbing or pressing  be applied to the material to be deformed. The Carrier material can be in addition to the aforementioned substances as a further recipe component also soap components, such as Metal soap, especially potassium soap, or a metal soap mixture included. It is also possible that for Formation of the lubricant carrier layer a carrier material is applied, the fillers, especially oxidic Contains fillers such as magnesium oxide or titanium dioxide. In the latter case in particular, poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyro acts lactam as an adhesion promoter, d. H. as an agitation aid for the fillers and is advantageously above also capable of their possible abrasive effects to discontinue. Such a multi-component carrier material can with the advantage of a high achievable homogeneity by including co-extrusion of the formulation components with subsequent comminution in the manufacturing process drive are manufactured.

When using a carrier material according to the invention all advantages of the ver known from WO 9511096 A1 driving with a carrier material in the dry phase Come into effect, or their positive effect will still be reinforced. The coating is extremely simple and economically feasible. It just needs that Dry carrier material for the pressure bodies in the container to be filled in. The following then only needs to be ensured that there is always an adequate "Reservoir" is present, i. H. the dry carrier material only needs to be supplemented by the amount consumed become. Disposal or basic emptying is not necessary advantageously entirely.

The pressure body can also benefit from the dry  Carrier material itself be formed by this in Granu lat or pellet form from larger particles or parts be stands. Different shapes are preferred and / or sizes combined so that a rough proportion and a fine proportion arises, whereby the coarse proportion acts as a pressure body and at the same time under Formation of finer particles, which then grinds from the larger particles on the material surface mechanically be pressed on. The fine fraction is thus created practically "by itself", so that essentially only the rough portion needs to be refilled.

Advantageous further training and special execution forms of the invention are in the respective dependent on sayings and included in the description below.

The invention will be described in more detail below with the aid of the drawing are explained. The special one is used as an example Application of the invention in "wire drawing" treated, without, however, limiting the invention thereto. Much more can also the basic measures according to the invention used in connection with other forming processes the, such as B. in tube drawing, deep drawing and cold rolling.

The drawing shows:

Fig. 1 is a highly schematic view of principle a wire drawing device,

Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal vertical section through the coating device indicated schematically in Fig. 1.

The same in the different figures of the drawing  Parts always have the same reference numerals, see above that they are usually only described once.

FIG. 1 is a preformed by hot rolling wire material 1 in a continuous flow, the so-called drawing process, cold worked, what it is by at least one drawing station 2, usually but successively one after the other, is drawn through a plurality of drawing stations. Each drawing station 2 consists of a drawing nozzle 3 (drawing die, in particular made of diamond or hard metal) and one of these upstream lubricant containers 4 , in which there is in particular a powdered solid lubricant based on metal soap, through which the wire material 1 is pulled so that lubricant particles adhere to the wire and are taken into the drawing nozzle 3 in the direction of arrow 5 and form a separating lubricating film there.

In order to improve the adhesion of the solid lubricant to the material 1 , on the one hand a previous descaling (removal of a surface oxide layer) is provided, and on the other hand after the descaling in a loading device 6 a lubricant carrier layer is formed on the surface of the wire material 1 , namely according to the invention using a new carrier material in the lubricant carrier layer.

The descaling of the wire material 1 takes place in particular mechanically (dry descaling) and can be carried out by bending the wire material 1 several times in a known bending descaling device 7 by deflecting the wire material 1 several times via deflection rollers or rollers 8 . In addition or as an alternative to the bending descaling device 7 , a “linear removal device” 9 can also be provided, through which the wire to be drawn runs in a straight line. Regarding the detailed structure and the mode of operation of this “linear descaling device” 9 , reference is made in full to WO 9511096 A1.

Fig. 2 shows the descaling device after coating device 6 , in the present case a dry coating device, which is briefly explained below. With regard to the detailed structure and the mode of operation of the dry coating device 6 , reference is also made here in full to WO 9511096 A1. A closed on its underside container 10 of the coating device 6 serves to accommodate a lot of loose pressure bodies 11 , the larger particles (pellets) of the carrier material 12 according to the invention may be ge. A certain amount of the carrier material 12 according to the invention can be filled into the container 10 in powder and / or granule form - optionally in addition to the dimensionally stable pressure bodies 11 . At the pressure body 11 can be set in motion within the container 10 such that they apply the finer carrier material 12 contained between them as a lubricant carrier layer to the surface of the material 1 mechanically through the surface of the material evenly. This is practically a pressing, pressing, rolling or rubbing, where in any case the particles are pressed into the surface depressions of the material 1 . The movement of the pressure body 11 is essentially caused by a screw conveyor 13 . This means that the pressure body 11 with the contained between them, finer particles of the carrier material 12 outside of a processing channel 14 located in the container 10 in one of the drawing direction (arrow 15 ) of the wire material 1 opposite direction 16 , then move through a first Pass through opening 17 into the machining channel 14 , there are taken along by the wire material 1 in the direction of drawing 15 and thereby form the lubricant carrier layer, and in the end region of the machining channel 14 emerge from it again via a second through opening 18 . This cycle is repeated continuously. The movement of the pressure body 11 within the machining channel 14 is intensified by inner lugs 19 on the wall of the machining channel 14 and / or by cross-sectional constrictions. Advantageously, the constant movement of the pressure element 11 causes the dry material 12 to be very finely ground or ground; the resulting extremely small particles adhere particularly well in the fine depressions of the surface structure of the material 1 . A wire inlet opening 20 of the machining channel preferably has a slightly larger diameter than the wire material 1 in order to ensure a friction-free or low-friction movement. In contrast, a wire outlet opening 21 is preferably adapted in its diameter to the wire material 1 and the desired layer thickness of the lubricant carrier layer in such a way that the desired layer thickness is adjusted by wiping off part of the lubricant carrier layer which is actually "thicker" within the processing channel 14 . The pressure body 11 can also be formed by the carrier material 12 itself.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam was used in technically pure form as the carrier material 12 for the surface lubricant carrier layer to be formed.

However, according to the invention, as already mentioned, a carrier material 12 can also be used, which consists of a powder formulation and / or granular dry formulation in particular, which preferably contains fillers and a soap portion in certain proportions. The fillers primarily cause adhesion to the material 1 and, for this purpose, can preferably consist at least in part of metal oxides and / or, according to the invention, only have very small amounts of metal salts. The soap portion can in particular consist of a metal soap or a mixture of several (e.g. two) metal soaps and, together with the poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam, provides a primer for a dry lubricant to be subsequently applied in the drawing station 2 , by reacting the soap components with one another. The formulation of the carrier material 12 according to the invention can contain a relatively high filler component of approximately 70 to 98% by mass and a relatively low soap component of approximately 2 to 30% by mass. In connection with this, a dry lubricant based on soap with a very high soap content and a low filler content can then preferably be used. It is therefore a "shift" of the fillers causing adhesion to the material into the carrier material 12 according to the invention. The poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam and / or the soap portion of the carrier material 12 only act as Ver connection components to the solid lubricant.

With the use of poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam provided according to the invention, however, it has been shown that the carrier material 12 already has sufficient lubricating properties, so that it may even be possible to dispense with a subsequent solid lubricant.

Fast and easy cleaning of lubricants is required for the finished material. The use of poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam as the carrier material 12 according to the invention therefore has a further particular advantage in that the formation of a water-soluble lubricant layer is achieved which can be easily rinsed off after the cold forming. The same is known to also be the case when using potassium soaps as a recipe component of the carrier material 12 .

After removal of the surface lubricant carrier layer formed from poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam from the drawn wire material 1 , the latter had a significantly lower surface roughness compared to wire material which was produced using a known carrier material.

By poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam can also be compared with the known carrier materials (e.g. potassium soap) due to its good surface adhesion more uniform coating of the material to be deformed l and even higher due to its high glass temperature Stability of the lubricant carrier layer can be achieved, it is known that already a carrier material on the Based on potassium soap shares, for example Potassium and sodium soap levels similar but less has pronounced advantages, such as poly-N-vinyl-γ- butyrolactam versus soaps.

Therefore, even very small filler fractions in the carrier material 12 according to the invention may be sufficient; a filler fractions may possibly be entirely unnecessary. Nevertheless, in contrast to carriers with filler and soaps, the z. B. based on Ca, Na or lithium, achieved a high degree of deformation of the material with quicker and easier cleaning of the deformed material. In particular, there is no need for a significant abrasive content of crystalline inorganic salts in the carrier material 12 according to the invention.

A carrier material 12 according to the invention made of poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam (or even with only a relatively small amount of poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam (below 10%)) is also suitable, as is known from potassium soaps is, before geous enough to do without a subsequent solid lubricant during the drawing process and still have good lubricating properties. Likewise, materials 1 which have been coated with poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam dry carrier material can advantageously be processed very well in a subsequent wet shaping process or wet drawing process, without the need for a further lubricating component. In the simplest case, the dry-coated material 1 only needs to be subjected to water, which immediately results in a lubrication-technically deformable surface, namely by emulsion or dispersion, depending on the exact recipe of the carrier material. The well-known advantage of potassium soaps also occurs that the adhesion properties of the deformed material 1 or wire with other materials, such as. B. rubber, be influenced very positively. This is a major advantage for the tire industry, for example, where steel wires are connected with rubber.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment and application example, but also encompasses all embodiments, variants and applications having the same effect in the sense of the invention. For example, the use of ε-caprolactam, which can preferably be realized in combination with an organic compound which contains apolar groups and / or radicals, such as alkyl or alkylaryl groups or radicals, as a proportionate component of a surface lubricant carrier layer a cold forming process, as described above, within the scope of the invention. Similar to poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam, ε-caprolactam forms colorless, water-soluble hygroscopic flakes, but at 69 ° C it has a much lower melting point. When processing ε-kaprolactam, compliance with a maximum workplace concentration of 25 mg / m ³ and its tendency to polymerize in aqueous solution must be observed, the latter being prevented by adhering to a correspondingly low temperature regime and inhibitors. This contrasts with a significant price advantage in comparison with poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam, which is associated with the fact that ε-caprolactam is produced as an intermediate product for polyamide synthesis in an annual production of millions of tons.

Furthermore, the invention is in no way limited to the features contained in each of the independent claims, but can also be defined by any other combination of certain features of all the individual features disclosed in the application as a whole. This means that practically every single feature of each independent claim can be omitted or replaced by at least one single feature disclosed elsewhere in the application. In this respect, the claims have so far only been understood as a first attempt at formulating an invention. In connection with this, it should be pointed out that the carrier materials 12 according to the invention described can also be used successfully as treatment agents in the “linear descaling device” 9 described.

Reference list

1

cold-formed (wire) material

2nd

Drawing station

3rd

Drawing nozzle

4th

Lubricant container

5

Direction of movement of the lubricant particles

6

Coating device

7

(Bending) descaling device

8th

Deflection rollers or rollers

9

Linear descaling device

10th

container

11

Pressure body

12th

Backing material

13

Screw conveyor in

10th

14

Machining channel in

10th

15

Direction of pull from

1

16

opposite direction too

15

17th

first passage opening in

14

For

11

,

12th

18th

second passage opening in

14

For

11

,

12th

19th

inner approaches

14

20th

Wire inlet opening from

14

21

Wire outlet opening from

14

Claims (20)

1. carrier material ( 12 ) for forming a surface lubricant carrier layer, characterized by an organic compound from the group of lactams as an at least proportionate formulation component. 2. Carrier material ( 12 ) according to claim 1, characterized by an organic compound with apolar groups and / or radicals, such as alkyl or alkylaryl groups or radicals, as a proportionate formulation component. 3. carrier material ( 12 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a homo- or co-polymer, which contains γ-lactam rings, as functional groups, as an at least proportionate formulation component. 4. carrier material ( 12 ) according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized by poly-N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam as an at least partial formulation component. 5. carrier material ( 12 ) according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized by a soap portion as a recipe component. 6. carrier material ( 12 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the soap portion is formed by a metal soap, in particular a potassium soap, or a metal soap mixture. 7. carrier material ( 12 ) according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized by a filler fraction, in particular a proportion of oxidic fillers, such as magnesium oxide or titanium dioxide, as a recipe component. 8. carrier material ( 12 ) according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized by a wax and / or oil formulation component, in particular a paraffin, petroleum jelly, stearic acid, paraffin oil and / or silicone oil component as a formulation component, preferably with one HLB value in the range of 8 to 18. 9. carrier material ( 12 ) according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized by a recipe turb ingredient with an HLB value in the range from 12 to 17, in particular 15. 10. carrier material ( 12 ) according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized by a wax and / or oil formulation component, in particular a paraffin, petroleum jelly, stearic acid, paraffin oil and / or silicone oil component as a formulation component, preferably with one HLB value in the range of 3 to 8. 11. carrier material ( 12 ) according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized by ε-caprolactam as at least a proportion of the formulation. 12. A carrier material ( 12 ) according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized by a way Her, which comprises a co-extrusion of the formulation components with subsequent comminution. 13. carrier material ( 12 ) according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized by a powder and / or granular processing and / or delivery form. 14. Support material ( 12 ) according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized by a processing and / or delivery form as a hydrogel or sol. 15. Use of a carrier material ( 12 ) according to one of claims 1 to 14 for a material to be deformed in a cold forming process, in particular for a wire material ( 1 ) to be deformed in the drawing process, a solid lubricant subsequently being able to be applied to the lubricant carrier layer. 16. A method for cold forming, in which a surface lubricant carrier layer is applied to a material to be deformed, characterized in that a carrier material ( 12 ) according to one or more of claims 1 to 13 is applied in the dry phase to form the lubricant carrier layer. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that a - preferably powder and / or granular carrier material ( 12 ) used and this is applied in particular mechanically by pressing, rubbing or pressing. 18. A method for cold forming in which a surface lubricant carrier layer is applied to a material to be deformed, characterized in that a carrier material ( 12 ) according to claim 14 as a hydrogel or sol, in particular in an immersion bath or by means of a spray process, is used to form the lubricant carrier layer , is applied. 19. The method according to one or more of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that a solid lubricant is subsequently applied to a wire material ( 1 ) to be deformed in the drawing process on the lubricant carrier layer. 20. The method according to one or more of claims 16 until 19, characterized in that after the cold forming, the lubricant carrier layer and if necessary the solid lubricant is rinsed off with water become.