DE19832951A1

DE19832951A1 - Steel-framed building for earthquake zones

Info

Publication number: DE19832951A1
Application number: DE19832951A
Authority: DE
Inventors: Melhorn
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-07-22
Filing date: 1998-07-22
Publication date: 1999-09-02

Abstract

The steel frame uprights (a,b,c) are anchored in concrete piles to allow both partial movement (upright (a)) and otherwise rigidity (uprights (b) and (c)) so the rigid uprights (b and c) change shape via the fitted struts (4) during horizontal ground movements of the movable uprights (a). The movable upright (a) securement takes the form of a ball joint whose hemispherical ball is firmly welded to a fixing. The joint is screwed to the building frame and also screwed to the pile so the piles participate in horizontal ground movement without tearing the house apart. Upright (a) movably anchored by the struts is held to the main frame by a holder, the struts only bolted to the holder so as to take part in vertical movement of the uprights without breaking up the main frame. The double shell outside walls are hung movably on the frame structure so as to move with this in ground movement and so prevent wall cracks and masonry falls. Security hooks on the struts are pre-assembled to carry the outer beams to which the outer wall of the house is fixed, with the beams fixed to two superposed struts in each case to allow for both vertical and lateral movement. A series-produced ascending shaft leading to the communal building shaft contains all electrical etc. service lines and can be extended per storey on a plug-in basis.

Description

1. Das Haus der Zukunft gehört der Großfamilie1. The house of the future belongs to the extended family

2. Das Haus der Zukunft ist ein Mehrfamilienhaus2. The house of the future is an apartment building

3. Das vermarktete Einfamilienhaus3. The marketed family home

4. Statusobjekt Einfamilienhaus4. Status object single family house

5. Die "wahre" Freiheit des Bauens5. The "true" freedom of building

6. Forderungen an das "Stockwerkshaus"6. Demands on the "floor house"

7. Stand der Technik7. State of the art

8. Das "wachsende" Mehrfamilienhaus8. The "growing" apartment building

9. Das kostengünstige Mehrfamilienhaus9. The affordable apartment building

10. Das erdbebensichere Mehrfamilienhaus10. The earthquake-proof apartment building

11. Zur Außendämmung des Mehrfamilienhauses11. For external insulation of the apartment building

1. The house of the future belongs to the extended family

Die Familie wird wieder eine größere Bedeutung erlangen: Zum einen rück verlagert sich insbesondere durch das Internet die Arbeit generell mehr in die Wohnungen, zum anderen drängen, aufgrund ihres hohen Bildungsstandes, vermehrt Frauen in die Berufe, ohne deshalb die Mutterrolle aufgeben zu wol len. Nicht zuletzt bewirkt die zunehmende Auflösung der Zweierbeziehungen mit zunehmender Vereinsamung der Menschen eine Rückbesinnung auf die sozialen Vorteile auch der Gemeinschaftsfamilie, die nicht notwendig die ei gene Großfamilie sein muß.The family will regain greater importance: on the one hand, back the work generally shifts more to the Internet in particular Apartments, on the other hand, due to their high level of education, more women into the professions without wanting to give up the mother role len. Last but not least, the increasing dissolution of the two-way relationship causes with increasing isolation of the people a return to the social benefits also of the community family, which are not necessarily the egg must be a large extended family.

Werden jene sozialen Gründe berücksichtigt, die fraglos berechtigt zu einer Zerschlagung der vormaligen Großfamilien führten - patriarchalisch-/matri archalisches System - muß es daher eine neue Familienstruktur und -kul tur der Gleichwertigkeit aller Familien"teile" geben.Are those social reasons considered that are unquestionably entitled to one Breaking up the former extended families - patriarchal / matri archalic system - it must therefore have a new family structure and culture give equality of all families "parts".

Hierfür müssen die Familienteile aber ihre derzeitige, in der Regel räumliche Trennung aufgeben wollen. Sie werden dies nur, wenn sie auch in räumlicher Nähe getrennt leben können und ein familiäres "Gemeinschaftsleben" nicht unausweichlich mitmachen müssen. For this, the family parts must have their current, usually spatial Want to give up separation. They will only do so if they are also spatial Being able to live separately and not a family "community life" inevitably have to participate.

2. The house of the future is an apartment building

Die Lösung ist ein Mehrfamilienhaus, das trotz unmittelbarer räumlicher Nähe die Familienteile nicht zum Zusammenleben bez. Miterleben zwingt, menschli che Nähe mit ihren positiven Sozialauswirkungen aber zuläßt.The solution is a multi-family house, which is in close proximity the family parts not for living together. Forcing to experience, human closeness with its positive social effects.

Voraussetzung sind getrennte Wohnungen.Separate apartments are required.

In stark besiedelten Gebieten mit hohen Baulandpreisen bedeutet dies un ausweichlich: Mehrfamilienhaus mit übereinanderliegenden Wohnungen.In heavily populated areas with high building land prices, this means un evasive: apartment building with apartments one above the other.

3. The marketed family home

Das Mehrfamilienhaus für die Familie wurde aufgrund der oben genannten sozialen Bedingungen aufgegeben. Eine Rückbesinnung war gerade auch seitens der Bauindustrie und des Grundstücksmarktes nicht gewollt, denn das natürlich kostengünstigere Mehrfamilienhaus benötigt im Verhältnis auch noch weniger Bauland.The apartment building for the family was built due to the above abandoned social conditions. A return was just now not wanted on the part of the construction industry and the property market, because the naturally cheaper multi-family house also needs in proportion even less building land.

Vermarktet wurde daher in den letzten Jahrzehnten das Einfamilienhaus, das in Ballungsgebieten seine 100-140 qm Wohnfläche dann sogar auf "handtuch großem" Baugrund über bis zu 3 Stockwerken türmt ("Etagenwohnen").The single-family home, the in metropolitan areas its 100-140 sqm of living space then even on a towel large "building plot towers over up to 3 floors (" floor living ").

Durch die plumpe Formel: 1 Wohnung = 1 Haus wurden das Haus der Gegen wart jedoch teilweise seiner Funktionalität und die heutige Wohnung ihrer Zweckmäßigkeit beraubt.The crude formula: 1 apartment = 1 house became the house of the opponents however, was partially its functionality and today's home of her Expediency.

Die Nachteile solchen Etagewohnens sind bekannt. Diese sind letztlich eine Mißachtung der Hausfrauen und Mütter, die unsinnig wie rücksichtslos ihre Aktivitäten über die Stockwerke verteilen müssen.The disadvantages of living on the same floor are known. Ultimately, these are one Disregard for housewives and mothers who are nonsensical as ruthless Distribute activities across the floors.

Ein weiterer erheblicher Nachteil ist die ungünstige Heizungssituation, wenn sich wegen der, in der Regel offenen Treppenhäuser die Wärme unter dem Dach staut, obwohl die überwiegend genutzten Aufenthaltsräume im Erdge schoß liegen.Another significant disadvantage is the unfavorable heating situation, though because of the, usually open stairwells, the heat under the Roof jams, even though the lounges on the ground floor are mainly used lying on your lap.

4. Status object single family house

Natürlich bedurfte eine solche Fehlentwicklung der Zustimmung des Käufers. Sie war möglich, weil das Haus zum "Vorzeige"-Objekt wurde und das Sta tusobjekt Auto zunehmend ablöste.Of course, such an undesirable development required the consent of the buyer. It was possible because the house became a "model" object and the Sta car increasingly replaced.

Das Verlangen der Menschen, sich voneinander "abzuheben", führte immer schon dazu wirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit dann zur Schau zu stellen, wenn dem Einzelnen sonstige Unterscheidungsmerkmale fehlen. People's desire to "stand out" from each other has always led to showcase economic performance if the individual lacks other distinguishing features.

Lange Jahre fand diese Selbstdarstellung ihre Befriedigung im Auto. Seitdem sich aber zunehmend mehr Mitmenschen ein "luxuriöses" Auto leisten können und die Zeit zwar nicht das Einheitsauto brachte, aber zunehmend einheitli chere Autos, ebbt dieser Kult um und mit dem Auto natürlich wieder ab. Ihm wird - in abgewandelter Form - allerdings noch in der Weise gehuldigt, daß die Garage(n) beim Einfamilienhaus nicht selten eine unverhältnismäßige Größe haben - was angesichts heutiger Technik der Autos mit der ursprünglichen Schutzfunktion der Garage jedoch nicht zu erklären ist.This self-portrayal found satisfaction in the car for many years. Since but more and more people can afford a "luxurious" car and the time did not bring the standard car, but increasingly uniform chere cars, this cult ebbs around and of course with the car. Him is - in a modified form - still honored in such a way that the Garage (s) in a family home are often a disproportionate size have - what with today's technology of cars with the original The protective function of the garage cannot be explained.

Seine wirtschaftliche Potenz (oft allerdings nur die des Schuldenmachens!) demonstriert der Einzelne heute eher am Einfamilienhaus. Eine gewinngierige Bau'industrie' unterstützt ihn dabei in seiner Annahme, jeder kostspielige wie funktional unnötige Schnörkel, Erker u. ä. sei dann auch Ausdruck bauherrli cher Individualität. Tatsächlich bleibt die geistige und künstlerische "Leistung" des Bauherrn in der Regel trotzdem darauf beschränkt, das jeweilige Fertig haus im Katalog ausgesucht oder Pläne des Architekten gebilligt zu haben und - praktische Kehrseite davon - sein Wollen dann auch finanzieren zu können.His economic potency (but often only that of indebtedness!) today, the individual demonstrates more in the family home. A greedy one Bau'industrie 'supports him in his assumption, every expensive like Functionally unnecessary flourishes, oriels and. Ä. then be an expression of the builder individuality. In fact, the intellectual and artistic "achievement" remains the builder is usually limited to the respective finish selected the house in the catalog or approved the architect's plans and - practical flip side of it - to finance his want to can.

Ähnlich dem ständigen Modellwechsel der Autobranche läßt jedoch der Stand der Technik und der Bauvorschriften Häuser zunehmend rascher veralten. Die optische Gefälligkeit einer Hausfassade "verbraucht" sich als Aha-Effekt au ßerdem um so schneller, je mehr aufwendig gestaltete Fassaden in den Neu bausiedlungen stehen, ohne daß diese jeweilige Außenwirkung für ein Mehr an innerem Wohnkomfort oder Funktionalität steht.Similar to the constant model change of the car industry, however, the stand technology and building regulations, houses are becoming increasingly obsolete. The the visual complacency of a house facade "wears out" as an eye-opening effect moreover, the faster, the more elaborately designed facades in the new building settlements stand without this respective external impact for more stands for interior comfort or functionality.

In der Konsequenz wird sich käuferliches Geltungsbedürfnis wieder nach an derem umsehen. Das muß und wird aber nicht eine Abkehr vom Haus sein, aber auf Dauer den "Wert" eines Hauses wieder in sein Inneres verlegen, wo der Bewohner unmittelbar und ständig mit ihm "konfrontiert" ist. Unsinnige Garagen wie die überflüssigen Keller werden eines der "Opfer" dieser Ent wicklung sein, die das Geld wieder dort einsetzen will, wo es wirklich benötigt wird - in der Wohnung.As a consequence, the buyer's need for validity will decrease again look around. But this must not and will not be a departure from the house, but permanently move the "value" of a house back inside where the resident is directly and constantly "confronted" with him. Nonsensical Garages like the superfluous basement become one of the "victims" of this ent development that wants to use the money again where it is really needed will - in the apartment.

5. The "true" freedom of building

Das Haus der Zukunft wird den einzelnen Familienteilen kostengünstig ein Maximum an Funktionalität und Komfort bieten und zwar bei Berücksichti gung der individuellen Bedürfnisse und Neigungen.The house of the future will be cost effective for the individual parts of the family Offer maximum functionality and comfort, taking into account individual needs and inclinations.

In dem mehrgeschossigen Haus wird, unter Verwirklichung des "Flächewoh nens", jedes Stockwerk gleichsam ein eigenes Haus ("Stockwerkshaus") sein. Dadurch wird das Mehrfamilienhaus die bessere und kostengünstigere Wohnlösung für den/die Bauherren und damit auf Dauer geeignet sein, die auch infrastrukturmäßig teure Zersiedelung der Landschaft durch Einfamilien-Kleinsthäuer zu beenden.In the multi-storey house, the "Flächewoh nens ", each floor as it were its own house (" floor house "). This makes the apartment building the better and cheaper one Housing solution for the building owner (s) and thus be suitable in the long term also expensive urban sprawl in terms of infrastructure Single family small houses to finish.

Wohnen im eigenen "Stockwerkshaus" bedeutet dabei trendmäßig voraus sichtlich, daß sich um einen zentralen Allzweckraum für Kochen und Wohnen gut gedämmte Einzelzimmer gruppieren und insbesondere ein geräumiges Bad vorhanden ist. Für das subjektive Wohlbefinden ganz wesentlich ist dabei ein gutes Wohn- und Raumklima, wie es sich insbesondere durch den Einsatz sog. biologischer Baustoffe wie Holz und dessen Verarbeitungen ergibt.Living in your own "floor house" means trend ahead obvious that this is a central all-purpose room for cooking and living Group well-insulated single rooms and especially a spacious one Bathroom is present. It is very important for the subjective well-being a good living and room climate, as can be seen in particular from the use so-called biological building materials such as wood and its processing.

Ein solches Mehrfamilienhaus wird sich vor allem dadurch empfehlen, daß es jedem Stockwerkseigentümer erlaubt, "sein" Stockwerkshaus hinsichtlich Raumgrößen, -aufteilung und Lage nach Belieben so aufzuteilen, als bewohne er ein Einfamilienhaus.Such an apartment building will be recommended above all by the fact that it allowed each floor owner to "own" their floor house Room sizes, layout and location to divide at will as if he lived in a family home.

Diese Möglichkeit ist für viele eine Freiheit besonderer Qualität, vergleichbar der "Freiheit" durch den Besitz eines Autos - wenig genutzt und (wohl auch) daher un(ein)schätzbar in seiner Gegebenheit.For many, this possibility is a freedom of special quality, comparable the "freedom" by owning a car - little used and (probably) therefore un (estimable) in its givenness.

Was diese "Freiheit" des Bauens meint, sei an einem Beispiel deutlich ge macht: Der Eigentümer der Erdgeschoßwohnung muß sein Wohnzimmer nei gungsmäßig auch dort einbauen können, wo im 1. Stock der Eigentümer wie derum sein Badezimmer haben will, aber der Eigentümer des 2. Stockwerkes ein Kinderzimmer einrichten möchte.An example shows clearly what this "freedom" of building means does: The owner of the ground floor apartment must nei his living room can also be installed where the owners like on the 1st floor who wants his bathroom, but the owner of the 2nd floor want to set up a nursery.

Dies scheint ein Extremfall, zumal sich aus Lage des Grundstückes und wohngebietlichem Umfeld gewöhnlich eine gewisse Priorität für die Lage von Innenräumen ergibt. Aber es soll die Freiheit gegeben sein und auch auf Dau er erhalten bleiben, sich einer "Festlegung" stets wieder entziehen zu können. Das vor allem wird ein solches Mehrfamilienhaus attraktiv machen und wert mäßig erhalten, wenn der bisherige oder ein neuer Stockwerkseigentümer auch in späteren Jahren wieder die Anordnung der Wände und die Verwen dung der Räume in "seinem" Stockwerkshaus neu bestimmen kann, ohne daß dies zu unverhältnismäßigen Mehrkosten führtThis seems an extreme case, especially since the location of the property and residential environment usually has a certain priority for the location of Interiors results. But there should be freedom and also on dhow they remain intact, to be able to evade a "determination" again and again. Above all, this will make such an apartment building attractive and worth it moderately received if the previous or a new floor owner also in later years the arrangement of the walls and the uses of the rooms in "his" floor house can be redetermined without this leads to disproportionate additional costs

6. Demands on the "floor house"

Solche Freiheit der Innengestaltung bedingt
Such freedom of interior design is conditional

- No transmission of living noises.
- Walls can be installed and removed anywhere and at any time the.
- All types of inlets and outlets are closed at every location on the floors common.

In der Konsequenz wird dann allenfalls die Fensterfront dort auf Dauer fest gelegt, wo diesbezügliche Freiheit baurechtlich (noch) nicht durchsetzbar ist. As a consequence, the window front will be permanently fixed there at most placed where freedom in this regard is not (yet) enforceable under building law.

7. State of the art

Die gleichzeitige Verwirklichung dieser drei Forderungen ist in herkömmlicher Bauweise bislang nicht gelöst, denn der Grundriß der Stockwerke liegt mit der Montage des Hauses weitestgehend fest und ist - wenn überhaupt - später nur mit erheblichem Aufwand veränderbar.The simultaneous realization of these three requirements is more conventional Construction has not been solved so far, because the floor plan of the storey lies with the Installation of the house is largely solid and is - if at all - later can only be changed with considerable effort.

Allenfalls ein Montagehaus in Rasterbauweise, mit frei tragender Stahlträger konstruktion auf Stützpfeilern und nicht tragenden Innen- und Außenwänden, wie es aus der Offenlegungsschrift vom 11. 2. 82 - Az: DE 30 26 333 A1 - be kannt ist, erlaubt es, ohne Beeinträchtigung der Hausstabilität, die Wände je derzeit zu versetzen, verändern oder auszutauschen. Außerdem kann durch das Entfernen von Außenwänden die Wohnfläche später noch erweitert wer den.At most, an assembly house in grid construction with a self-supporting steel beam construction on supporting pillars and non-load-bearing interior and exterior walls, as it is from the published application from February 11, 82 - Az: DE 30 26 333 A1 - be is known, it allows, without affecting the stability of the house, the walls currently being moved, changed or exchanged. In addition, by removing external walls will expand the living space later the.

Damit erfüllt diese Konstruktion zwar die Forderung Ziffer 2, aber sie gewährt nicht die Freiheit der Forderung Ziffer 3, nach Bau des Hauses kostengün stig die Leitungen und insbesondere die Sanitäranlagen an jeden gewünsch ten Ort des Stockwerkes verlegen zu können. Diese Forderung Ziffer 3 ist aber unabdingbar, weil nur so das "Stockwerkshaus" auf Dauer seinen Wert da durch behält, daß ein Eigentümer jederzeit "sein" Stockwerkshaus kosten günstig verwirklichen bzw. umgestalten kann und ihm außerdem der Ko stenvorteil bleibt, hierzu kein neues Bauland erwerben zu müssen.Thus, this construction meets the requirement number 2 , but it does not grant the freedom of the requirement number 3 to be able to relocate the lines and, in particular, the sanitary facilities to any desired location on the floor after construction of the house. This requirement number 3 is essential, however, because only in this way does the "storey house" retain its value in the long run because an owner can realize or remodel "his" storey house at low cost at any time and also the cost advantage remains for him, no new building land to have to acquire.

Ein weiterer Nachteil des Montagehauses der Offenlegungsschrift vom 11. 2. 82 - Az: DE 30 26 333 A1 - besteht darin, daß nach Anspruch Ziffer 6 der Offen legungsschrift "die auf den Geschoßträgern aufliegenden Geschoßdecken als Stahlbeton-Großflächenplatten ausgeführt sind". Die Nachteile der Beton bauweise mit ihrer Beeinträchtigung des Wohnklimas sind für die Zukunft aber nicht hinzunehmen. Aus Gründen der Baubiologie sind Holzdecken mit einer Auflage aus biologischen Baustoffen zu verwenden. Damit kann in die sem Montagehaus aber hinsichtlich des Trittschallschutzes und der Däm mung der Außenwände, die über Stockwerke gezogen sind, wiederum Ziffer 1 der Forderungen nicht mehr genügt werden.Another disadvantage of the assembly house of the published document from February 11, 82 - Az: DE 30 26 333 A1 - is that according to claim number 6 of the published specification "the floor ceilings resting on the floor supports are designed as large-area reinforced concrete slabs". The disadvantages of the concrete construction with its impairment of the living climate cannot be accepted for the future. For reasons of building biology, wooden ceilings with a layer of biological building materials are to be used. This means that in this assembly house, however, in terms of impact sound insulation and insulation of the outer walls that are spread over floors, number 1 of the requirements can no longer be met.

8. The "growing" apartment building

Um wieder die Großfamilie zusammenzuführen, muß ein solches Mehrfamili enhaus außerdem mit der Familie "wachsen" können. Finanzierungs- und fa milienabhängig soll die angestrebte Mehrgeschossigkeit auf einen späteren - viel leicht vorher festzuschreibenden - Zeitpunkt verschiebbar sein und nach Bezug des Erdgeschosses kostengünstig Stockwerke auch nachträglich aufgesetzt werden können, ohne den bewohnten Bereich währenddessen räumen zu müssen. Anders als bei der herkömmlichen Bauweise vermeidet das finanzaufwendigen, teilweise jahrelangen Leerstand ungenutzter Räume. Das Mehrfamilienhauses wächst statt dessen erst im Laufe der Jahre entspre chend den finanziellen Mitteln und Bedürfnissen des/der Bauherren.In order to reunite the extended family, such a multi-family must can also "grow" with the family. Financing and fa Depending on the milia, the desired multi-storey structure should be - much later easy to set in advance - to be postponed and after Moving into the ground floor at low cost, even afterwards can be put on without the inhabited area along the way to have to vacate. In contrast to the conventional design, avoided the financially costly, vacant rooms that have been vacant for years. Instead, the apartment building only grows over the years according to the financial means and needs of the client.

Diese Forderung ist mit der bekannten Bauweise nicht kostengünstig zu er füllen. This requirement is not cheap with the known design to fill.

9. The affordable apartment building

Die Herstellung von Häusern bedarf heute noch einer Vielzahl unterschiedli cher handwerklicher Fachkenntnisse und ist vor allem in der BRD noch zu teuer. Andererseits setzt sich aus Gründen insbesondere des Geltungsbe dürfnisses vieler Bauherren die Eigenleistung aber noch nicht durch, weil die Eigenleistung noch als ein "rufgefährdendes" Eingeständnis fehlender Fi nanzkraft verunglimpft ist. Wer mit seiner wirtschafflichen Potenz prahlen will, wird jedenfalls eher höhere Schulden in Kauf nehmen, die "nur" seine Bank kennt, bevor er selbst Hand anlegt und dadurch Tausende einspart.The production of houses today still requires a variety of different craftsmanship and is still too, especially in the FRG expensive. On the other hand, for reasons of validity in particular However, many building owners do not yet have their own contribution because the Personal contribution still as a "reputation-threatening" admission of missing Fi financial power is disparaged. If you want to brag about your economic potential, is more likely to accept higher debts that "only" his bank knows before he lends a hand and thereby saves thousands.

Dieses Denken wird langfristig jedoch einer nüchternen Betrachtung weichen, wenn das Haus zugunsten Funktionalität und Komfort seinen Statuscharakter verliert und die Anschaffung eines Hauses bzw. einer großen Wohnung eine, mit wenigen Jahresgehältern bezahlbare Selbstverständlichkeit wird.However, this thinking will give way to a sober consideration if the house has its status character in favor of functionality and comfort loses and the purchase of a house or a large apartment affordable with a few annual salaries.

Wer dann vernünftig auf die Kosten sieht, wird aber ein Haus wollen, das er zu einem guten Teil entweder in Eigenleistung oder mit ungelernten Kräften zu sammensetzen kann, ohne daß dies zu Lasten des Qualitätsstandard geht.If you then see the costs reasonably, you will want a house that you close a good part either on your own or with unskilled workers can put together without sacrificing quality.

10. The earthquake-proof apartment building

Erdbebenbedroht sind in der BRD nur wenige Landstriche. Weltweit ist dies anders und erdbebengefährdete Gebiete sind oft dicht besiedelt. Mit der Zer störung der Häuser werden aber nicht nur Menschen gefährdet oder tötet, sondern auch Eigentum und damit wirtschaftliche Existenzen vernichtet. Den sich daraus ableitenden baulichen Anforderungen genügen die privaten Ein- und vor allem die Mehrfamilienhäuser in der Regel nur bedingt.Only a few areas in the FRG are threatened by earthquakes. It is worldwide different and earthquake-prone areas are often densely populated. With the Zer disruption of houses is not only endangering or killing people, but also destroys property and thus economic livelihoods. The The resulting structural requirements are sufficient for private purposes Single-family homes and, above all, apartment buildings are generally only conditional.

Es versteht sich, daß es das "katastrophensichere" Haus nicht geben wird. Mit der Erfindung wird jedoch eine Konstruktion vorgestellt, deren Fassade Beben bis einschließlich Stärke 10 der Intensitätsskala (MSK-Skala) überste hen kann.It goes without saying that the "disaster-proof" house will not exist. With the invention, however, a construction is presented, the facade Quakes up to and including magnitude 10 on the intensity scale (MSK scale) can hen.

11. For external insulation of the apartment building

Um eine kostengünstigere Winddichte und damit Wärmedämmung zu errei chen, muß außerdem von der herkömmlichen Art abgegangen werden, Fen ster und Außentüren so einzubauen, daß der Rahmen in die Wandöffnungen eingesetzt und die verbleibenden Hohlräume zwischen Rahmen und Wand in der Regel mit herkömmlichem Kunststoff ausgespritzt werden. Die Dichte hängt dann nämlich weitgehend - jedenfalls unkontrollierbar - davon ab, wie sorgfältig diese Abdichtarbeit zwischen Rahmen und Wand ausgeführt wird. In order to achieve a more cost-effective wind density and thus thermal insulation Chen, must also be abandoned from the conventional way, Fen and exterior doors so that the frame in the wall openings used and the remaining voids between frame and wall in usually sprayed with conventional plastic. The concentration then largely depends - at least uncontrollably - on how this sealing work between frame and wall is carried out carefully.

Hiervon ist abzugehen. Die Dichtigkeit der Außenhaut darf nicht von der Sorg falt etwa einer Hohlraumausschäumung mit aufgebrachtem Putzträger abhän gen, sondern Fenster und Außentüren sollten schon nach Art ihrer Einpas sung in die Außenwand eine hohe Dämmsicherheit sicherstellen.This must be avoided. The tightness of the outer skin must not be neglected fold depending on a cavity foam with applied plaster base but windows and external doors should be based on the type of their fitting ensure a high level of insulation security in the outer wall.

Claims

1. The invention relates to a conditionally earthquake-proof house, which is useful part of a steel frame construction, otherwise wooden house. The house stands on stands no. A + b + c (drawing 1), which are conveniently anchored on concrete piles no. 7 (drawing 4) made in a known construction.
According to the invention, the stands in earthquake areas are not only rigidly attached to the concrete pile (in drawing 1: stands b and c), but partly movable (in drawing 1: stand a). In the event of an earthquake, this ensures greater stability of the construction, since it then better absorbs horizontal and vertical earth movements. The rigid and movable stands are expediently arranged as in drawing 1.

2. The construction according to claim number 1 is according to the invention characterized in that the rigidly connected to the concrete posts column b + c (drawing 1) in horizontal earth movements do not give in to the tensile and compressive movements of the movable column, but expediently via the struts no. 4 (drawing 3) deform the latter so that the integrity of the construction is preserved.

3. According to the invention, the movable attachment of the stand a (drawing 1) according to claim number 1 is expedient a type of ball joint in which the ball no. 3 (drawing 2) - expediently hemisphere - is appropriately welded on one side to an attachment, otherwise expedient in a kind of pan No. 4 (drawing 2). This ball joint is screwed on the one hand to the stand 1 (drawing 2) and on the other hand to the concrete pile No. 6 (drawing 2). Concrete piles, which are connected to the uprights in this way, can take part in horizontal earth movements without the house being "torn apart".

4. The securing of the stand a (drawing 1) which is partially movably anchored according to claim number 1 is carried out by struts no. 4 (drawings 1 + 3).
According to the invention, this strut No. 4 (drawing 3) is attached to the stand No. 1 (drawing 3) by means of the holder No. 2 (drawing 3). This is done in such a way that the strut is connected only by means of a bolt to the holder no. 2 (drawing 3) and so that the stand can participate in vertical movements without breaking up the arrangement of the stands.

5. The house according to claim number 1 has a two-shell outer wall construction, which is characterized according to the invention in that the outer wall is movably attached to the stand structure and consequently can resonate ben with Erdbe. The dreaded wall tears with falling facade parts are avoided.
This is achieved according to the invention in that each strut no. 4 (drawings 1 + 3 + 5 + 6) is attached with safety hooks no. 3 (drawing 6), which expediently pre-assembled the outer beams no. 6 and no. 7 (drawing 5) wear, on which in turn the "outer skin" of house No. 10 (drawing 5) is attached. The outer beams are each fastened to two struts No. 4 lying one above the other (drawings 1 + 3 + 5 + 6) and, in the event of an earthquake, vibrate mainly only vertically and sideways.

6. The attachment of the safety hook No. 3 (drawing No. 5) to the struts No. 4 (drawings 1 + 3 + 5 + 6) according to claim number 5 is characterized according to the invention for extreme earthquake areas in that they are not already on the expediently angular bracing No. 4 (drawings 1 + 3 + 5 + 6) are hung. In such earthquake areas, a wave-like or serrated tape No. 5 (drawing 6c) is rather attached to this strut No. 4 and only then the safety hooks No. 3 are hung on this. By the jagged or wavy design from volume No. 5 (drawing 6c) it is achieved that the hanging on the outer beams No. 6 and No. 7 (drawing 5) can move during earthquakes without giving up their position.

7. The two-shell structure of the outer wall according to claim number 5 is characterized in that on the outer beam No. 6 (drawing 5) conventional building material panels are attached. The outer beams No. 7 (drawing 5) are flatter than the outer beams No. 6 . According to the invention, window no. 9 (drawing 5), roller shutters and external doors are fastened in accordance with the invention in such a way that the building material panels just come to rest over the edges of the standardized (window) frame no. 8 (drawing 5) and thereby - expediently achieved with adjacent outer beams No. 6 - windproof and installation-related cold bridges are excluded in the wall as with a conventional installation.
Due to their special load with windows, external doors or shutters, the outer beams No. 7 (drawing 5) according to the invention are expediently still secured in that they stand in a securing basket (bracket) No. 3 a (drawing 7), which is in the strut No. 5 (drawing 7).
The frame No. 8 (drawing 5) of the outer doors, windows and shutters are according to the invention expediently 5 cm wider on all sides than according to the previous standard and are insulated with this widening on all sides on an outside beam No. 7 (drawing 5) with which they are screwed tight. The known Aufdoppelungspro file can be attached to standard frames to widen them.

8. The house according to claim number 1 is characterized in that the "inner" house wall is not bricked, but consists of convenli chem, functional biological insulation material, which with the inside of the outer beams No. 6 and No. 7 (drawing 5) connected is. To achieve wind tightness, the outer beams are appropriately attached so that their center is in front of the joints of the interior insulation panels.

9. According to the invention, a so-called landing shaft b (drawing 4) is provided in the house according to claim number 1 above and below each living room c (drawing 4), but this can also be omitted under the ground floor apartment.
Such a landing shaft b (drawing 4) is a type of mezzanine with a clear height of approximately 1 m. It can be crawled through a door / hatch suitably fitted in the outer skin.
According to the invention, this floor shaft is an air buffer for noise and heat insulation.
According to the invention, it interrupts the transmission of the wall noise because the outer walls of the landing shaft can be set down from the floor walls.
According to the invention, it picks up all supply lines, which are only routed vertically outside the floor shaft, to and from the floor apartment. This makes installation and repair much easier and cheaper. In earthquake areas, drains and inlets to the kitchen, bathroom and toilet in the multi-storey shaft are expediently connected by a movable section.

10. The house according to claim number 1 is characterized in that due to the floor shaft according to claim number 9, the inner walls are inexpensive and can be moved at any time.
Appropriately, the walls consist of standardized sections that are screwed together. You are expediently on an insulation strip. According to the invention, this wall - at least in earthquake areas - is never firmly connected to the floor or ceiling, but is held on the floor and ceiling on both sides of the ceiling by angle irons, on the inside of which insulation strips are attached. Between these, appropriately dressed as Lei ste and appropriately used for heating and air supply angle iron, the wall according to the invention is thus clamped as it were. This avoids joint breaks at the transitions from floor / ceiling to the wall, prevents sound transmission from the wall to the construction and, in the event of earthquakes, allows the wall to be moved without breaking.

11. To the landing shaft according to claim 9, a conveniently ready for series production ter riser. This takes all electrical and other feed and discharge on. According to the invention, this riser is designed that he has a side exit for all connections on the floors shaft and on both sides, as it were, only by plugging in floors is extended.

12. The riser according to claim 11 is characterized in that the electrical lines of a floor according to the invention in such a way be connected to the riser shaft for every connection on the floor there is a separate cable, which is connected to the riser for the first time with plug / clamp connection is connected. This means that at any time - even after sluggish - an inexpensive cable replacement or retraction is possible and is in Earthquake event is an interruption that is appropriate in such residential areas overly long line excluded.

13. The house according to claim 1 is characterized in that the "top" floor shaft b (drawing 4) is also the roof space. It can be considered ge by extensions no. 5 (drawing 4), which are expediently only loosely attached to the stand of no. 1 (drawing 4), but are firmly connected to the roof frame no. 6 (drawing 4), to increase the clear height.
The roof expediently remains uninsulated and is only rain and snow-proof, since the insulation lies down on the ceiling of the floor below and is therefore less expensive.

14. The house according to claim 1 is characterized in that the roof construction according to the invention can be easily removed again after moving into the house by a crane. A chimney is therefore conveniently attached to an outer wall of the house and can be conveniently extended by simply plugging it on.
The roof is placed on the stand in such a way that according to claim 13 extensions no. 5 (drawing 4) on the stand no. 1 (drawing 4) - at least in earthquake areas - according to the invention only put on. These extensions No. 5 are firmly connected to the roof frame No. 6 (drawing 4) made of steel of the roof.
According to the expediently square base frame No. 8 (drawing 8) rigid and constructed so that struts No. 10 (drawing 8) are appropriately attached at several points, to which the device for lifting off the roof is to be attached. This device for lifting the roof consists expediently of carrying ropes No. 12 (drawing 8), which are appropriately centered in a ring No. 11 (drawing 8), over which the entire roof is then lifted ben by means of a crane.
This construction of a roof frame No. 8 (drawing 8) allows a ge roof shape that is erected on this base frame. In the case of a flat roof, the suspension cables are then guided over the roof by going straight through the roof at the support points. With other roof shapes, the suspension cables are led through the roof with only one opening under the roof surface. The roof is steered when lifting and putting on, as usual, by the staff using additional guide ropes to be attached.
The size of the roof depends on the load capacity of the crane and thus on the materials used. Appropriately, between the roof frame No. 8 (drawing 8) a steel lightweight construction according to the desired roof shape is attached, which is also a safe lightning rod inexpensively when grounded via the stand. The rain and snow-proof roof covering is appropriately attached to it in a lightweight design.