DE19829645C2 - Stereo camera - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a stereo camera, where the distance between the optical axes of two Lenses is adjustable, and this setting with the Distance setting or focusing is coupled with.

Background of the Invention

In the case of a stereo camera, two parts of an image are recorded simultaneously with a right and left lens, the distance between the optical axes of the two lenses being generally constant. In a stereo camera of this type with a constant distance between the optical axes, as shown in FIGS. 20 (L) and 20 (R), exaggerated for the sake of clarity, non-overlapping areas (ab, cd) occur on the outer sides of the overlapping area ( bc) of the right and left image R and L. This effect is based on the parallax of the two lenses. In addition, in the close-up area there is an offset in the position of the object depicted on the right and left photographed image, the two images moving closer together.

The non-overlapping areas (ab, cd) are the areas that do not produce a stereo image. If the two images are viewed by means of a stereo image viewer, the images overlap at the boundaries of the overlapping area, not as shown in FIG. 21, which has a disruptive effect when viewing the generated stereo image. In addition, a stereo image of an object closer to the focus than appears appears in front of the stereo window (the imaginary window in which the right and left images match and appear as a three-dimensional image). That looks unnatural. The stereo images taken with such a conventional stereo camera have the above shortcomings.

In order to remedy the above shortcomings, attempts have therefore been made to non-overlapping areas (a-b, c-d) of the right and left image window using Stereo picture frame with windows smaller than the width of the pictures on the To stop the film, and an attempt was made to create the perspective impression correct by adjusting the distance between the right and left image has been. However, the above correction procedure is difficult to perform because a suitable fade-out amount and suitable transverse positions of the images with regard to the windows of the picture frame, and also goes a large part of the picture is lost due to the dimming.

The above problem caused by the difference in the visual fields of the right and left lens can be fixed by the Fields of vision by adjusting the distance between the optical axes of the right and left lens are corrected. There are conventional ones Stereo cameras that allow the distance between the optical axes manually regardless of the distance setting. On the other hand There are stereo cameras in which a mechanism for adjusting the distance between the optical axes of the two lenses with a mechanism for Distance setting is coupled. With the stereo camera, where the distance between the optical axes of the lenses, the Distance between the optical axes of the lenses to an optimal value can be set from the distance of the main object and from the Distance depends on the main object and other objects. This however, requires extremely difficult and careful handling in order to  Distance and the distance between the optical axes of the lenses set independently. With such a stereo camera although panoramic photographs and still lifes photographed without major difficulties be, however, is such a camera for taking snapshots not suitable. There is also a risk that the photographer will distance between the optical axes if he is not using the operator and functioning of the adjustment mechanism of the distance between the optical Axes is familiar, which in no case is easy to handle. Accordingly, the Stereo camera with automatic adjustment of the distance of the optical Axles more suitable to be used by non-specialists than that Stereo camera with the manually operated mechanism for setting the Distance between the optical axes of the two lenses.

The conventional automatic mechanism for adjusting the distance between the optical axes of the lenses is designed in such a way that the fields of view of the right and left lenses are always matched at every distance setting and focal length, and that the mechanism for automatically adjusting the distance between the optical axes automatically coupled with the distance setting (focal length or focusing) in order to achieve a constant effect for the correction of the distance between the optical axes. Assuming that the lens is a thin lens, and
Focal length of the lens: f
Distance of the object to the main point of the lens: L
Distance of the focal point of the lens and image position: Δif results

Δif = f ² / (L - f) (1).

The distance between the main point of the lens and the surface of the film given by f + Δif.  

Fig. 22 shows the positions of the shift of the main points of the lenses when focusing (focus distance) to match the fields of view of the right and left lenses. The center distance between the right and left image of the stereo camera is marked with P; thus, the amount of shift S1 of the right and left lenses to bring the fields of view of the right and left lenses into alignment when focusing (focus distance) is given by the following equation.

Sl = (P / 2) × (f + Δif) / (L + f + Δif) (2)

The table of Fig. 23 gives the relationship between the amounts of shift Δif of the lenses parallel to the optical axes and the amounts of shift Sl perpendicular to the optical axes according to the above equation at a focal length of 36 mm of the lenses and a center distance P between the right and left Image from 66 mm. When the right and left lenses are moved toward each other with the amount of displacement S1, the distance L of the focused object decreases, and the positions of the movement of the main points of the lenses describe a curve, and the visual fields of the right and left Lenses are in agreement at all times when focusing (focus distance). Such a conventional mechanism, in which the displacement of the optical axes as a function of the distance setting is given by the tangent to the above equation (2) at the point of the smallest recording distance, is known from DE 196 34 631 C1.

The conventional mechanism for automatically adjusting the distance between The optical axes are designed such that the main points of the lenses are on Positions are moved, which are given by the above equation. A cam, a guide rail or similar means are used here, the distance setting with the setting of the distance between the optical axes is coupled. In practice, however, in many cases  not satisfactory effect by correcting the distance between the optical axes achieved.

This problem arises from the fact that rarely all objects in an image are in the distance are arranged on which was focused, and in many cases objects with numerous different distances occur. For example, if a Panorama is photographed with the distance set to infinity in many cases there are some lenses in front of the object that is flowing in infinity. When shooting in the close-up range, for example when shooting Flowers in a garden diagonally from above, the picture contains flowers in front of those in the Flowers arranged in the center of the picture, on which is focused. If a portrait of is photographed in front, on the eyes of a human model is in focus, the nose of the model is located closer than the distance that is in focus.

For a stereo image in which the object that matches the right and left image is severely impaired, is closer than the object, on which is focused, the stereo image of the object with the closer Distance created in front of the stereo windows and appears unnatural. Around To correct impairment, it is necessary to the outer lateral areas the right and left picture in the frame of the pictures in the same way as in dimming conventional stereo cameras to give the perspective impression by adjusting the distance between the right and left image correct. That is why the effect of conventional mechanics is automatic adjustment of the distance between the optical axes never Perfect.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a stereo camera, with a manageable function to adjust the distance between the Optical axes is equipped so that stereo images with optimal stereo effect can be easily absorbed by anyone.  

The object is achieved with the features of independent claims 1 solved to 3. Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are in the Subclaims and / or the following description mentioned.

A stereo camera according to the invention is also in particular with a Mechanism for automatic adjustment of the distance between the optical Axes equipped, with two lenses on independent lens carriers are arranged. The distance between the right and left lens carriers is changeable and with the back and forth movement of the lens holder for the Distance setting coupled. The distance between the optical axes of the depending on the distance setting (focus or Focus adjustment), correcting the positions of the shift of the two Show objective right / left symmetrical straight lines. The right / left symmetrical straight lines connect the positions where the distance between the optical axes of the two lenses, with distance setting is infinitely narrower than the center distance between the right and left picture to be photographed or preferably connect the right / left symmetrical straight lines the positions within a distance range between the optical axes, in which the visual fields of the two lenses at one Object distance of 2 to 3 m in front of the main points of the lenses in the direction of the optical axes are aligned with the positions of the Distance between the optical axes where the visual fields of the two lenses with the shortest distance setting or with settings in close to the shortest distance setting.

In particular, the present invention also provides a stereocamea where the two lenses on right / left symmetrical arcs (arcs) to be moved, which lead through the positions where the distance between the optical axes of the two lenses at one Distance setting is infinitely narrower than the center distance between the right and left picture or preferably through the positions lead within a distance range of the optical axes at which the  Fields of vision of the two lenses at an object distance of 2 to 3 m in front the main points of the lenses along the optical axes are brought, and the right / left symmetrical arc lines lead through the Positions of the distance between the optical axes at which the Fields of view of the two lenses with the shortest distance setting in Are matched or by the positions at which the distance between  optical axes is slightly less than the distance between the optical Axes in which fields of view match when focused.

The present invention is described below using exemplary embodiments described, which are shown in schematic drawings. This shows:

Figure 1 is a graphical representation of a linear displacement of the lenses according to a first embodiment of the prior invention.

Fig. 2 is a graphical representation of a further rectilinear displacement of the lenses according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a graphical representation of the allowable range, the inner semi-rectilinear movement of the lenses of the first embodiment of the present invention may be selected in accordance with;

Fig. 4 is a graphical representation of a curved line of the Ver shift of the lenses according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a graphical representation of the allowable range for the selection of the arc line of the displacement of the lenses according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a graphical representation of a curved line of the Ver shift of the lenses according to the second imple mentation of the present invention,

Fig. 7 is a graph showing the calculation of coordinates of lens positions on an arc line;

Fig. 8 is a table with positions of the arc line of the shift of Fig 6 with numerical values.

Fig. 9 is an exploded view of a mechanism for straight ligne shift for the automatic adjustment of the distance between the optical axes according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 10 is a section through a stereo camera with a linear displacement of the optical axes.

Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the construction of a view finder of the stereo camera of Fig. 10;

FIG. 12 is a graphical representation of the construction of a mechanism for automatically adjusting the distance between the optical axes of the stereo camera of FIG. 10;

Fig. 13 is a graphical representation of the structure for automatically adjusting the distance between the optical axes, wherein the lenses are shifted on an arc line;

Fig. 14 is a vertical section through the structure of the coupling of a lens holder to the camera structure of Fig. 13;

Figure 15 is a sectional view of a stereo camera with displacement of the lenses on an arc line.

Fig. 16 (L) and 16 (R) are graphs showing the structure of the parallel coupling mechanism of the stereo camera of Fig. 15;

FIG. 17 is a section through a stereo camera in which the lenses are moved to an arc line according to another embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 18 (L), and 18 (R) are graphs showing the structure of the parallel coupling mechanism of the stereo camera of Fig. 17;

Fig. 19 is a sectional view of a stereo camera in which the lenses are moved to an arc line, according to another embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 20 (L), and 20 (R) are graphical representations of images are photographed with a conventional stereo camera;

Fig. 21 is a graphical representation of the image loss in images taken with a conventional stereo camera;

Fig. 22 is a graphical representation of the line of displacement of lenses when the fields of view are aligned with each other when focusing; and

Fig. 23 is a table with numerical values of the distances between the optical axes, in which the fields of view of the right and left lens in focus (focus distance) are brought into agreement with each other.

Detailed description of the advantageous designs

Below are advantageous embodiments of the present invention described in detail. The relationship between the distance at which the right and left picture window of a stereo picture frame in Are matched and appear as a single image window and the Distance at the stereo image of an object with a stereo image viewer can be viewed.

In the case of a stereo image taken with a conventional stereo camera automatic adjustment of the distance between the optical axes was recorded, with the visual fields of the right and left lens are aligned when focusing, are the fields of view of the right and left lens when focusing in line and a stereo image of a focused object and the image window of the stereo picture frame appear at the same distance.

For example, when taking infinity panoramic photography as shown in Fig. 22, the amount of shift S1 of the lenses is zero. Accordingly, the center distance between the right and left images is identical to the distance of the same object in the infinity on the right and left images, and the image window of the stereo picture frame is perceived as the object in the infinity, and the object that is not in the infinity becomes perceived in front of the image window of the stereo image frame. It is unnatural. It is therefore advantageous for achieving a good stereo image if the lenses are shifted in such a way that the visual fields of the right and left lenses are brought into line at a distance that is closer than the focussed distance.

Therefore, the shift amount of the lenses will be shown below Focused on Infinite.  

With a focal length of the lenses of f = 36 mm,
a center distance between the right and left photographed image P = 66 mm, and
a distance between focused objects = Pi,
i.e. with specifications identical to the prior art, a stereo image of an object of a distance of, for example, 1 m and the image window of the stereo image frame are perceived at the same distance, if the amount of displacement S1 of the lenses from formula (2) is approximately 1.15 mm, if the distance is set to infinity. In this case, the images of the objects in the infinity are shifted identically to the amount of shift of the lenses on the images of the film, that is to say shifted by 1.15 mm in each case, and thus the distance Pi of the images of the objects in the infinity on the right and left image of the film by 2.3 mm. The two images in the stereo camera are inverted images up / down and right / left. If the pictures photographed with the shift amount S1 of 1.15 mm are arranged as upright pictures on a stereo picture frame, the distance Pi between the objects becomes infinitely 2.3 mm larger than the center point distance P (66 mm) between the right and left picture.

If the distance Pi between the objects in focus (objects in the Infinity in this case) becomes much larger than the center distance P between the right and left picture, the pictures appear natural unnatural. When determining the permitted range of the shift, the Applicants and inventors of the present invention a variety of Test photographs examined, the amount of shift of the lenses varies has been. He found that the difference between the Center distance of the right and left image and the distance of the images of the same object in the right and left picture generally not larger than 1.2 mm.  

That is, if the shift amount Sl of the right and left objects is not greater than 0.6 mm when shooting an object at infinity and at above conditions, the difference between the Center distance of the images and the distance of the images of the same objects in the infinity on the right and left picture no larger than 1.2 mm, and that Image in infinity does not appear unnatural, and it becomes, if not an object exists in the close-up area, achieved an advantageous three-dimensional effect.

Although the amount of shift of the lenses in the event that to infinity is set to 0.6 mm, this value of 0.6 mm is almost the same the shift amount Sl at which the picture window of the stereo picture frame at same distance as an object is seen about 2 m away, and which is calculated from the above formula (2).

The amount of shift of the lenses when focusing on the shortest shooting distance is described below. Even in the case of the shortest shooting distance that is in focus, the condition is applied that the distance between the images of a focused object is further about 1.2 mm larger than the center-to-center distance between the images on the frame, similar to that Case of taking an object in infinity. This means that the shortest shooting distance that can be focused on is L = 360 mm

Δif = f ² / (L - f) = 36 ² / ( 360 - 36 ) = 4 mm.

The amount of shift Si of the image on either the right or left image is 1.2 / 2 = 0.6 mm. In this case, the shift amount S1 of the lenses is given by the following calculation:

Sl = (P - (L × Pi) / (L + f + Δif)) / 2 = (P - (L × (P - 1,2)) / (L + f + Δif)) / 2 = (66 - (360 × ( 66 - 1 , 2 )) / (360 + 36 + 4)) / 2 = 3.84 mm.

In addition, the distance Lw at which the fields of view of the right and left lenses are brought into line, ie the distance at which the right and left picture window of the stereo picture frame appears as a single window, is given by the following calculation:

Lw = (f + Δif) (P - 2Sl) / 2Sl = (36 + 4) (66 - 2 x 3.84) / 2 x 3.84 = 304 mm.

Fig. 1 shows only the positions of the line of displacement of the right lens, in which the position of the lens when shooting an object in infinity is connected to the position of the lens at the shortest shooting distance. The image frames of the stereo image frame are set at a distance of approximately 2 m from the main points of the lenses when shooting an object at infinity, and are set at positions of 304 mm in the case of the shortest shooting distance of 360 mm.

In the above example, the inward shift amount is larger than the shift amount of the lenses of a conventional stereo camera in which the distance between the optical axes is automatically adjusted over the entire focal length range, this shift _amount L _{REF being} indicated by a broken line. Most of the pictures photographed in this way can be framed on a stereo picture frame without correcting the positions of the pictures and without dimming the pictures.

In FIG. 1 the angle θ of the inclination of the straight line of displacement relative to the optical axes is also given by:

θ = tan ^-1 ((3.84 - 0.6) / 4 = tan ^-1 0.81 = 39 ° 00 '

and the amount of displacement S1 of the lenses in the direction perpendicular to the optical axes is given by:

Sl = 0.6 + Δif × tanθ (θ = 39 ° 00 ').

In this case, the amount of displacement Sl of the lenses, if, for example, the focus is on the distance of 1 m, is given by:

Δif = f ² / (L - f) = 36 ² / ( 1000 - 36 ) = 1.344 mm

Sl = 0.6 + 1.344 × tan39 ° 00 '= 1.688 mm.

The amount of displacement of the image in the infinity on the image is equal to that Shift amount Sl of the lenses. Therefore, if the background in the Infinite is photographed when the distance is focused at 1 m the distance between the images of the background increases in the Infinite in the right and left picture by about 3.4 mm (= 2 × Sl), compared to the center distance of the images.

This is more than the allowed range (not larger than about 1.2 mm) of the Difference between the above center distance of the images and the Distance of the images of the object. It is therefore desirable that the Background is not included in a close-up more than necessary.

The lens shift line above is suitable for close-up photography. In general, however, objects are recorded at distances of not less than 1 m. In addition, many cameras have the shortest shooting distances of around 1 m. In these cases, the shift amount as a whole can be decreased compared to the amount of Fig. 1 (at a position with focus set to infinity, as shown in Fig. 2, for example, the image window of the stereo picture frame can be perceived at 3 m when the shift amount Sl = 0.39 mm), or the inclination of the linear shift with respect to the optical axes of the lenses can be decreased to eliminate the problem that the distance of the image in the background increases when an object is close-up and the background is further away is photographed in the same picture.

Fig. 2 shows the displacement line of the lenses intersecting a conventional displacement curve L _REF at a focal length of about 700 mm (Δif ≒ 2.0 mm). Except when photographing an object in close-up, most images do not need to be corrected for the frame. It is only necessary to correct their positions on the frame or to dim the images for the images that are photographed in close-up.

Therefore, the shift line of the lenses 2 can be within the range between the straight displacement lines in FIG. 1 and FIG. Depending be set whether special attention is given to the recording of images in the usual distances or on the conditions at the shortest distance setting of the lenses. If a shift line is set in the area between the two straight lines of FIG. 3, an advantageous correction amount of the distance between the optical axes of the lenses is achieved, which is better than the correction amount in a conventional stereo camera.

Since the lenses are also shifted in a straight line, the mechanics can be used Adjustment of the distance between the optical axes is simplified be achieved, whereby a high precision in the mode of operation can be achieved.

The above has described the case where the lenses are along a straight line can be moved.

In addition, while maintaining the high precision in the mode of operation advantageous a mechanism for adjusting the distance between the optical Axes are provided in which the lenses on curved lines using a parallel coupling mechanics from a combination of a variety of Couplings, levers and connections are provided.

When using an arc line, the radius is equal to or greater than that conventional curve, and the lenses are in the distance setting shifted to infinity, the shift amount is decreased,  when the lenses are extended, and the distance of the image window on the stereo picture frame is almost in line with the distance, where a stereo image of a focused object is the shortest Distance is perceived. In this case, however, the bow has a large radius and the couplings become long. Hence the mechanics be built into a large camera and not a small camera.

The radii of the arcs can be decreased if, as shown in Fig. 4, the lenses are moved along circular arcs that have centers in the center between the right and left lenses, which is in contrast to the conventional displacement _curves L _REF . The amount of shift can be set within a range of 0.39 to 0.6 mm so that the picture window of the stereo picture frame can be seen at a distance of about 2 to 3 m at the position of setting the distance to infinity. In addition, at the shortest distance setting, the shift position can be selected within a relatively narrow allowable range that includes the shift position of the conventional curve L _REF . However, the position can be set depending on conditions such as intended shift characteristics, focal length of the lens, shortest shooting distance, etc., whereby there is no numerical limitation as with the linear shift.

It can therefore be set a variety of arcs with different centers and different radii, such as. B. the sheets A, B and C shown in Fig. 5. As with the linear displacement area shown in Fig. 3, however, the arcs are limited to an area that does not deviate much from the conventional curve L _REF .

Arc A in FIG. 5 represents the displacement curve of a lens of a stereo camera according to the invention, in which the image window of a stereo image appears at a distance of approximately 2 m, when the distance is set to infinity, a stereo image of an object in focus at a distance setting (e.g. 700 mm) appears at the same distance as the image window of the stereo image and at any intermediate position within the range of the distance, and the stereo image of a focused object in close-ups also appears at a distance that is equal to the distance from the image window of the stereo image at the shortest shooting distance is, although the shift amount becomes insufficient.

The arc B represents the displacement curve of the object of another Stereo camera according to the invention, in which the image window of the stereo image in a distance of approximately 2 m appears when the distance is infinite is set and a stereo image of an object in focus appears on same distance as the image window of the stereo image at a position that is within a range of setting the distance, and that A stereo image of a focused object when taking close-up pictures appears on the Rear of the image window of the stereo image. The bow B has a smaller one Radius than the arc A and enables shorter connections and couplings within the mechanics.

The arc C represents the displacement curve of a lens of a further stereo camera according to the invention. The center of the radius of the arc B is shifted inward (to the right in Fig. 5) to increase the shift amount over the entire area so that the shift curve does not come into contact with the conventional curve L _REF .

The displacement curve of a circular arc D according to the invention is described below with reference to FIG. 6. At a focal length of the lens of 36 mm, the center distance P ₁ between the right and left image in the camera of 66 mm, at a distance of 2.5 m, at which the fields of view of the right and left lens when the distance is set to infinity are in agreement and at the position of the lens at 0 'as in the previous example, the amount of displacement of the point 0' is given by the formula (2),

Sl = (66/2) × 36 / (2500 + 36) = 0.468 mm

and the distance X ₀ 'between point 0 and point 0' is approximately 0.47 mm. The point where the arc of the lens displacement curve starting from 0 'intersects the conventional displacement curve, which is indicated by a dashed line, is designated by Q. The secant 0'Q is drawn between 0 'and Q of the arc and similarly the secant PQ is drawn between P and Q of the arc. The perpendicular is drawn on the respective center points S of the secant 0'Q and T of the secant PQ and their intersection point V is determined. This intersection is the center point V of the arc 0'QP.

The point 0 'has the coordinates x = 0.47 and y = 0. If Δif of the point Q is 2 mm, which is within the range of 4 mm in which the lenses are shifted in the direction of the optical axes, then the x coordinate of the point Qx ≒ 1.7368 and the y coordinate is y = 2, which can be seen from the table in FIG .

The difference in the x values between point 0 'and point Q is given by

x _Q - x ₀ '= 1.7368 - 0.47 = 1.2668.

The difference in the y value is

y _Q - y ₀ '= 2.

The ratio of the inclination of the secant 0'Q with respect to the optical axis is 1.2668 / 2 = 0.6334.

The point S has the coordinates

x = (0.47 + 1.7368) / 2 = 1.1034

y = 2/2 = 1.

The y value of the vertical A is, if x = 0,

y = 1 + 1.1034 × 0.6334 = 1.69889356

and the analytical equation of the perpendicular A is given by

y = -0.6334X + 1.69889356.

The difference between the y values of point P and point Q on the vertical B is given by

y _Q - y ₀ '= 4 - 2 = 2.

The difference of the x values follows from FIG

x _P - x _Q = 3.30 - 1.7368 = 1.5632.

The ratio of the inclination of the secant PQ with respect to the optical axes is 1.5632 / 2 = 0.7816.

The coordinate position of point T is given by

x = (3.30 + 1.7368) / 2 = 2.5184

y = (4 + 2) / 2 = 3.

The y value on the vertical B is given by x = 0

y = 3 + 2.5184 × 0.7816 = 4.96838144

and the analytical equation of the perpendicular B is given by

y = -0.7816X + 4.96838144.

The coordinates are in agreement at a point where the perpendiculars A and B intersect and therefore:

-0.6334X + 1.69889356 = -0.7816X + 4.96838144

by reshaping

-0.6334X + 0.7816X = 4.96838144 - 1.69889356

0.1482X = 3.26948788
x = 22.06132173.

The result of further forming

0.1482X = 3.26948788

x = 22.06132173.

y = -0.7816 × 22.0613 + 4.9683 = -12.2748

x _V = 22.0613 mm
y _V = -12.2748 mm.

Since the point 0 'lies on the arc D, the radius R _{V of} the arc D is given by:

R _V = √ ((x _V - x ₀ ') ² + y _V ² ) = √ ((22.0613 - 0.47) ² + 12.2748 ² ) = 24.83656 mm.

An objective position a, as shown in FIG. 7, is given by the radius R _{V of} the arc and the center coordinates X _V , Y _V

βa = sin ^-1 ((Δif - Y _V ) / R _V )

Xa = X _V - R _V cosβa.

The table of Fig. 8 shows the calculated numerical values of Δif of the arc D, Sl, βa and Xa.

In this example, the image window of the stereo image is set to 2.5 m, at one Distance setting to infinity.

The image window appears when the distance is set to approximately 700 mm of the stereo image at approximately 700 mm, which is equal to the distance from the shaft is.

If the distance is set to a distance of less than 700 mm, the image window of the stereo image may appear slightly further away than the focussed distance. However, the difference is so small that the offset only has to be corrected by a very small amount in the frame of the images. When the sheet data shown in the table of Fig. 8 is applied to a stereo camera with the shortest shooting distance of more than 700 mm, the optimal effect of correcting the distance between the optical axes can be obtained under almost all conditions.

The structure of the mechanism according to the invention for automatically adjusting the distance between the optical axes is described in detail below. Fig. 9 shows the mechanism for automatically adjusting the distance between the optical axes by means of lens supports that can be moved in a straight line. Reference numeral 1 denotes a displacement base plate, and reference numerals 2 L and 2 R denote carriages, the carriages 2 L, 2 R and the lens carriers 3 L, 3 R are coupled to one another on their front sides and have a uniform design. The displacement base plate is attached to the bottom of the camera housing and in the displacement base plate right and left are formed symmetrically straight oblique guide notches 4 L and 4 R. Rails 5 L and 5 R are formed on the lower surfaces of the slides 2 L and 2 R opposite the guide notches 4 L and 4 R.

Linear parallel notches 6 L and 6 R are formed in the inner sections of the right and left slides 2 R, 2 L, that is to say on the inside of the optical axes of the right and left objectives, the parallel recesses 6 L and 6 R have a right angle with them the directions of the rails 5 L and 5 R.

The upper half of the inner section of the left carriage 2 L, in which the parallel notch 6 L is formed, is cut off, so that this section has half the height of the carriage 2 L. The lower half of the inner section of the right carriage 2 R is also cut off so that the inner section is half the thickness of the carriage 2 R. The carriages 2 L and 2 R are arranged on the displacement base plate 1 in such a way that their inner sections come to lie one above the other.

A central hole 1a is formed in the displacement base plate 1 , in which a camshaft 8 is arranged for displacing the objectives. On the shaft for adjusting the distance, the cams 7 L and 7 R are arranged in an upper and lower step of an upper part of the shaft, and a pulley 9 is fixed to a lower portion of the shaft.

The left cam 7 L and the right cam 7 R are similarly designed as eccentric circular cams and have a diameter which almost corresponds to the width of the parallel recesses 6 L, 6 R in the chutes 2 L, 2 R, and are on the camshaft arranged to adjust the distance so that they have a rotation angle difference that is equal to the angle that the right and left guide notches 4 R and 4 L include. The left cam 7 L cooperates with the parallel recess 6 L on the left carriage 2 L and the right notch 7 R cooperates with the parallel recess 6 R of the right carriage 2 R.

A wire rope shaft 10 is supported in a camera housing, not shown, and a rotary knob 11 for adjusting the distance is fixed to the head end of the wire rope shaft 10 , and a wire rope 13 or a belt is wound around a rope sheave 12 attached to a lower portion of the wire rope shaft 10 is attached, and also wound around the pulley 9 of the camshaft to adjust the distance.

When the adjustment knob 11 is rotated to adjust the distance, the cams 7 L and 7 R which are coupled with each other rotate, and the right and left slides 2 R, 2 L are shifted synchronously with each other along the guide notches 4 L and 4 R, and the distance between the optical axes is automatically adjusted with the setting of the distance. As described above, the directions of the parallel recesses 6 L, 6 R are perpendicular to the directions of the guide notches 4 L, 4 R, and the directions in which the slides 2 L, 2 R are moved are in accordance with the directions , into which the thrust forces of the cams 7 L, 7 R act. Therefore the slides 2 L, 2 R slide evenly.

Thus, when the guide wire 13 wound around the wire washers 9 and 12 is fixed to a point of the wire washers 9 and 12 , the wire 13 is prevented from slipping, and the pair of the wire washers 9 and 12 can be reliably rotated synchronously.

Fig. 10 shows a stereo camera 14 with three lenses and having a mechanism for linear adjustment of the distance between the optical axes of FIG. 9, wherein said viewfinder lens is at the center of the front of the camera housing 15 is arranged and a right and left photographing lens 17 L, 17 R are arranged on the right and left side of the viewfinder lens 16 such that the optical axes of the three lenses 16 , 17 L and 17 R are arranged in parallel and in the same plane. A shutter, not shown, is arranged on the back of the lenses 17 L, 17 R just in front of the surfaces of the film to be exposed. Fig. 11 shows a 45 ° -Reflexspiegel 18, which is arranged behind the viewfinder objective 16. The light that falls through the viewfinder lens 16 leads via the reflex mirror 18 onto an upper focusing screen 19 and can be viewed as a composite image via a pentaprism 20 and an eyepiece 21 in the same way as in a conventional reflex camera with a lens.

Fig. 12 shows the carriage 22, which are coupled to the lens carrier of the viewfinder lens and the lens carrier 3 L, 3 R of the taking lenses. The slides 22 have a parallel recess 23 in the right and left directions, and a circular eccentric cam 24 for displacing the viewfinder lens cooperates with the parallel recess 23 , and the circular eccentric cam 24 is like the cams 7 L and 7 R for displacing the Shooting lenses arranged on the shaft to adjust the distance. The three lenses 16 , 17 L and 17 R are therefore moved back and forth synchronously with one another and are coupled to the shaft for adjusting the distance, and the setting of the distance can be adjusted depending on the image on the focusing screen 19 .

The viewfinder lens 16 can have the same focal length as the taking lenses 17 L and 17 R. The use of a search lens with a smaller focal length than the focal length of the taking lenses makes it possible to reduce the space which is occupied by the viewfinder lens. In this case, the size of the focusing screen 19 of FIG. 11 is reduced and the angle of the image on the focusing screen is brought into agreement with the angles of the images of the taking lenses 17 L, 17 R. In addition, the design and size of the cam 24 for shifting the finder lens and the width of the parallel recess 23 in the carriage 22 are designed such that the amount of shift of the finder lens corresponds to the formula Δif = f ² / (L - f).

Fig. 13 shows a mechanism for adjustment of the distance between the optical axes which is coupled with the distance setting of another stereo camera according to the invention, wherein the photographing lenses to be moved along a curved line. On the housing frame of the stereo camera 31 , not shown, a right and left vertical shaft 32 R and 32 L are rotatably arranged, and on the upper sections of the two vertical shafts 32 L and 32 R, identically designed synchronizing gears 33 L and 33 R are arranged such that that they interlock. A drive gear 35 , a cam 36 for shifting a displaceable mirror of a view finder, and an adjustment knob 37 for adjusting the distance are fixed to a shaft 34 for adjusting the distance. The shaft 34 is arranged in front of the vertical shafts 32 L, 32 R, and the drive gear 35 meshes with one of the synchronized gears 33 R.

Angular cranks 39 are attached to the upper and lower sections of the vertical shafts 32 L, 32 R. The two upper and lower angular cranks 39 , which are arranged on the outer sides of the vertical shafts 32 L, 32 R, are provided with central shafts which are guided in the housing frame (not shown). The front ends of the right and left four cranks 39 are rotatably supported near the inner ends and the outer ends on the upper and lower surfaces of the right and left lens carriers 38 R, 38 L. In addition, the rear ends of two cranks arranged opposite one another are coupled to one another by connections 40 , whereby two parallel connection mechanisms are provided.

The fulcrums of the right and left lens carriers 38 R, 38 L are arranged on the outer sides of the vertical shafts 32 L, 32 R. When turning the rotary knob 37 to adjust the distance, the right and left lens carriers 38 R, 38 L are therefore shifted symmetrically to one another on an arc line, the right and left lens carriers 38 R, 38 L each being perpendicular to the optical axes of the lens by the same amount Lenses are moved. In addition, the distance setting can be observed for the viewfinder by rotating the slidable mirror due to the cam 36 . The training of the viewfinder is known and is therefore not described here.

Fig. 14 shows the configuration and arrangement of lens carrier 38 L, 38 R to the camera body. The upper and lower ends of the lens carriers slide into contact with the surfaces of the upper and lower walls of the stereo camera 31 to prevent light from entering and maintain their horizontal arrangement. Thin leaf springs, which will be described later, are also arranged on the camera housing as a means of shielding the gaps between the side surfaces of the lens supports and the camera housing. The thin leaf springs are in spring contact with the side surfaces of the lens holder and thus shield the gaps between the lens holder and the camera body.

The radius of the arc line along which the lens carriers 38 L, 38 R are displaced are given by the distances between the crank pivot points of the lens carriers 38 L, 38 R and the centers of the vertical shafts 32 L, 32 R, as shown in FIG. 13 . Depending on the length of the cranks and the central positions of the vertical shafts 32 L, 32 R, a multiplicity of arc lines of the displacement of the lens carriers as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be generated.

The connections 40 that couple the cranks 39 can be omitted. If the connections 40 are omitted, straight lines on the right and left side of the lens carriers 38 L, 38 R lead through the two crank pivot points and to the vertical shafts 32 L, 32 R, which results in the uniformity of the action near the dead center of the parallel Connection mechanism is impaired. However, by coupling the other ends of the angular crank 39 to the links 40 , dead spots can be eliminated and smooth operation can be achieved over the entire range of displacement.

Fig. 15 shows a stereo camera of a further embodiment of the present invention. In this stereo camera 41 , the right and left lens carriers 42 R and 42 L are controlled synchronously via the cam 43 , so that the lenses 44 L and 44 R are shifted on an arc line. Fig. 16L and 16R show linearly formed parallel recesses 45 R and 45 L, which are formed perpendicular to the optical axes of the lenses 44 R and 44 L in the inner portions of the right and left lens carrier 42 R, 42 L.

As with the lens carriers 2 L, 2 R of FIG. 12, the upper half of a section which forms a recess in the inner side of the lens holder 42 L is cut off, so that the inner section has half the height of the lens holder 42 L. The upper half of the section of the right lens carrier 42 R, which forms a recess, is also cut off, so that half the height of the lens carrier 42 R is generated. The half-height sections of the right and left lens carriers 42 R and 42 L are arranged one above the other and coupled to the camera housing 46 via two connections 47 of the same length.

A circular eccentric cam 43 is arranged in the middle of a base frame 46 in the parallel recesses 45 R, 45 L in the right and left lens carriers 42 R, 42 L. When the shaft for adjusting the distance at which the cam 43 is arranged is rotated, the right and left lens carriers 42 R, 42 L move symmetrically along the curved lines.

The side surfaces of the lens carriers 42 R, 42 L are symmetrically opposed to each other arc-shaped according to the line of displacement, and the edges of the ends of the leaf springs 48 , which are attached to the camera housing 46 , are in spring contact with the side surfaces of the lens carriers 42 R, 42 L. Therefore, regardless of the positions of the lens carriers in the distance adjustment, there is no gap between the leaf springs 48 and the lens carriers 42 R, 42 L, and the inside of the camera body 46 is protected from the ingress of light, dust, or water drops.

FIGS. 17 and 18 show a further embodiment of the present invention. In this stereo camera 61 , the connections are shorter than in the stereo camera 41 of Fig. 14. The right and left two connections 62 are rotatably supported at their centers, and the central two connections 62 are rotatably arranged around the shaft 64 to adjust the distance.

A left lens carrier 65 L is coupled to the front end of the two links 62 , thereby providing a parallel connection mechanism on the left, and a right lens carrier 65 R is coupled to the front ends of the two links 62 , providing a parallel connection mechanism on the right side is provided, and the outer ends of the two sets of connections are coupled together via cam followers 66 L, 66 R.

A circular eccentric cam 67 interacts with parallel recesses 68 L, 68 R in the two drivers 66 L, 66 R, which are arranged one above the other. When the cam 67 is rotated, the right and left lens carriers 65 R and 65 L move symmetrically over the drivers 66 L, 66 R on curved lines. The effect is identical to that of Fig. 14. The radius of the arches is smaller, however, since the lever connections are shorter than in Fig. 14.

Fig. 19 shows the stereo camera according to the invention 71, in which the front portions of the right and left two compounds 72, which form a parallel link mechanism, are rotatably mounted to the camera body 73 and the rear ends of the links 72 rotatably at the rear portions of the lens carrier 74 L , 74 R are stored. The centers of the arcs along which the right and left lens carriers 74 R, 74 L are shifted are arranged on the outer sides of the optical axes; that is, the arc line of the shift is approximated to the shift curve of the conventional mechanics for automatically adjusting the distance between the optical axes.

The applicant of the present invention already has a stereo camera in which a viewfinder image is generated in which the inner halves an inverted image can be projected onto a focusing screen (the left half of the Field of view of the left lens and the right half of the field of view of the right lens). The inverted images fall over the two Lenses and are made using a combination of reflex mirrors and composed of a variety of prisms. With this stereo camera, the right and left half of the image in the viewfinder towards or away from each other shifted, making it possible to focus depending on the Check the distance setting of the taking lenses.

With the stereo camera, the mechanism for adjusting the distance between the optical axes, the right and left Half of the image in the viewfinder itself by changing the distance between the optical axes of the taking lenses brought close together or separated from each other. Therefore, the viewfinder system should have means to correct the Center point distance between the right and left half of the image. In order to meet this requirement, a stereo camera has been proposed is equipped with a mechanism that enables the focus to be set correctly by making the visual fields of the right and left viewfinder systems be corrected automatically. This is done via moving parts of a Compound prism or by moving the whole prism forward and back, and their coupling with the change in the distance between the optical axes and the distance setting.  

When the above viewfinder of a stereo camera of the present invention is used, a cam for moving the prism is placed on the shaft for adjusting the distance, similar to the circular eccentric cam 24 for moving the viewfinder lens of Fig. 12. This becomes part of the Prism or the whole prism moved back and forth, and is coupled with the distance setting and distance setting between the optical axes, the center distance between the right and left half of the viewfinder system is corrected and the distance can be adjusted with high precision.

As described above, the present invention relates to a stereo camera where the distance between the optical axes of the taking lenses is automatically set depending on the distance setting, with the Taking lenses along straight lines or along curved lines be moved taking into account human perception are selected. Therefore, the stereo camera according to the invention almost produces no unnatural perspective impressions, which is often the case with conventional ones Stereo cameras occurred. A stereo camera according to the invention therefore enables Anyone can easily take stereo pictures of highest quality and with perfect stereo effect, which makes handling a stereo camera is made easier.

Claims (19)

1. Stereo camera ( 14 ) with a mechanism for automatically adjusting the distance between the optical axes of two taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R), the two taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) being arranged on independent lens carriers ( 3 L, 3 R) are and the distance between the right and left lens carrier is changeable, and the distance setting is coupled with the back and forth movement of the lens carrier ( 3 L, 3 R) for the distance setting, and at
a center-to-center distance between the left and right image: P;
a lens focal length: f;
a shooting distance: L;
a shift amount perpendicular to the optical axes of the lenses: Sl;
the first equation applies: Δif = f ² / (L - f); and
the second equation: Sl = (P / 2) × (f + Δif) / (L + f + Δif); in which
Δif is the distance of the focus from the image position; in which
the shift lines of the main points of the two photographing lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) on the right and left are symmetrical straight lines that cut the curve calculated by the second equation in a range between a point further than the shortest photographing distance and the distance setting to infinity. 2. Stereo camera ( 14 ) with a mechanism for automatically adjusting the distance between the optical axes of two taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R), the two taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) being arranged on independent lens carriers ( 3 L, 3 R) are and the distance between the right and left lens carrier is changeable, and the distance setting is coupled with the back and forth movement of the lens carrier ( 3 L, 3 R) for the distance setting, and at
a center-to-center distance between the left and right image: P;
a lens focal length: f;
a shooting distance: L;
a shift amount perpendicular to the optical axes of the lenses: Sl;
the first equation applies: Δif = f ² / (L - f); and
the second equation: Sl = (P / 2) × (f + Δif) / (L + f + Δif); in which
Δif is the distance of the focus from the image position; in which
the lines of displacement of the main points of the two exposure lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) on the right and left are symmetrical straight lines which do not touch the curve calculated by the second equation between the shortest exposure distance and the distance setting to infinity. 3. Stereo camera ( 14 ) with a mechanism for automatically adjusting the distance between the optical axes of two taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R), the two taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) being arranged on independent lens carriers ( 3 L, 3 R) and the distance between the right and left lens carriers is changeable, and the distance setting is coupled with the back and forth movement of the lens carriers ( 3 L, 3 R) for the distance setting, the lines of displacement of the main points of the two taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) are symmetrical arcs on the right and left. 4. Stereo camera according to claim 1, characterized in that in the symmetrical straight lines, the positions within a distance range of the optical axes within which the visual fields of the two lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) at a distance of 2 to 3 m before the main points of the Match the taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) along the optical axes with the positions of the distance between the optical axes at which the fields of view of the taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) at a position of focus on the shortest shooting distance are brought into line when focusing. 5. Stereo camera ( 14 ) according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the displacement line of the two taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) are right / left-symmetrical straight lines which lead through the positions within a distance range of the optical axes , in which the visual fields of the taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) are brought into line at a position of the distance setting to infinity at an object distance of 2 to 3 m in front of the main points of the taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) along the optical axes, and the right / left symmetrical straight lines also lead through the positions which are narrower than the distance between the optical axes at which the fields of view of the two taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) at a position of the setting of the shortest taking distance when focusing are matched. 6. Stereo camera ( 14 ) according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the displacement lines of the two taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) are right / left-symmetrical straight lines through the positions within a distance range between the optical axes lead, in which the fields of view of the two taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) at a position of the distance setting to infinity at an object distance of 2 to 3 m in front of the main points of the taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) are aligned along the optical axes and the right / left symmetrical straight lines also lead through the positions of the distance between the optical axes, at which the fields of view of the two taking lenses ( 17 L, 17 R) at a position of the distance adjustment to an object at a distance of approximately 1 m are aligned. 7. Stereo camera ( 14 ) according to the preceding claims 1, 2, 4-6, characterized in that the two lens carriers ( 3 L, 3 R) on carriage ( 2 L, 2 R) with a linear slide guide mechanism ( 4 L, 4th R; 5 L, 5 R) cooperate, and the inner sections of the two slides ( 2 L, 2 R) are arranged one above the other, and in the sections arranged above one another parallel recesses ( 6 L, 6 R) perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the slides ( 2 L, 2 R), and a shaft ( 8 ) arranged perpendicular to the slides ( 2 L, 2 R) for the distance adjustment between the two slides ( 2 L, 2 R), and two identically designed cams ( 7 L, 7 R) are attached to the shaft ( 8 ) in such a way that their relative rotation angle is offset just as much as the angular offset of the two carriages ( 2 L, 2 R) with respect to the directions in which they are moved; and one cam ( 7 L) interacts with the parallel recess ( 6 L) of the left carriage ( 2 L), and the other cam ( 7 R) interacts with the parallel recess ( 6 R) of the right carriage ( 2 R) together, and the two lens carriers ( 3 L, 3 R) are coupled to the shaft ( 8 ) for adjusting the distance in such a way that they rotate right / left symmetrically at an angle to the optical axes when the shaft ( 8 ) rotates - and be moved back. 8. Stereo camera ( 31 ; 41 ; 61 ; 71 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the lines of displacement of the two lenses through the positions in which the distance between the optical axes of the lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) at a distance setting is infinitely narrower than the center-to-center distance (P) between the right and left exposed images. 9. stereo camera ( 31 ; 41 ; 61 ; 71 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the displacement lines of the two taking lenses lead through the positions within a distance range of the optical axes, in which the fields of view of the two taking lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) at an object distance of 2 to 3 m in front of the main points of the taking lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) along the optical axes, and the lines of displacement also lead through the positions of the distance between the optical axes at which the visual fields of the two Shooting lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) at a position of the shortest shooting distance when in focus, or by the positions of the distance between the optical axes, where the distance between the optical axes is slightly narrower than the distance between the optical Axes where the fields of view match when in focus are brought into the mood. 10. Stereo camera ( 31 ; 41 ; 61 ; 71 ) according to claim 8 and 9, characterized in that the centers of the arcs of displacement between the two taking lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) are arranged. 11. Stereo camera ( 31 ; 41 ; 61 ; 71 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the displacement lines of the two taking lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) lead through the positions within a distance range between the optical axes, within which the visual fields of the two Taking lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) at a position of the distance setting to infinity at an object distance of 2 to 3 m in front of the main points of the taking lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) along the optical axes, and the lines of displacement also by the positions of the distance between the optical axes at which the visual fields of the two photographic lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) at a position of the distance adjustment coincide with an object of a distance of about 1 m when the focus is set, and the displacement lines also through the positions of the distance between the optical axes at which the facial field that of the two taking lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) at a position of the shortest distance setting when in focus. 12. Stereo camera ( 31 ; 41 ; 61 ; 71 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the displacement lines of the two taking lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) lead through the positions within a distance range between the optical axes in which the visual fields of the two Taking lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) at a position of the distance setting to infinity at an object distance of 2 to 3 m in front of the main points of the taking lenses along the optical axes are matched, and the displacement lines also by the positions of the distance between the optical axes lead in which the fields of view of the two taking lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) at a position of the focusing of an object at a distance of approximately 1 m are brought into line with one another, and the displacement lines also lead through the positions at which the distance between the optical axes slightly narrower than d it is the distance between the optical axes at which the fields of view of the two taking lenses ( 44 L, 44 R) at a position of the distance setting are brought into line with the shortest taking distance when focusing. 13. stereo camera ( 31 ; 41 ; 61 ; 71 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the displacement lines of the two lenses through the positions lead within a range of distances between the optical axes, in which the fields of view of the two lenses at a position of Distance adjustment to infinity at an object distance of 2 to 3 m in front of the main points of the taking lenses along the optical axes are aligned, and the displacement lines also lead through the positions of the distance between the optical axes, which are slightly narrower than the positions of the distance between the are optical axes in which the fields of view of the two taking lenses are brought into agreement at a position of the distance setting of the shortest taking distance when focusing, the distance between the optical axes being narrower than the distance between the optical axes where the visual fields are matched over the entire range of the distance setting. 14. Stereo camera ( 31 ; 41 ; 61 ; 71 ) according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the lens carrier ( 38 L, 38 R; 42 L, 42 R; 65 L, 65 R; 74 L, 74 R ) are arranged in a camera housing ( 46 ; 63 ; 71 ) by means of a plurality of connections ( 39 ; 40 ; 47 ; 62 ; 73 ), which form two sets of parallel connection mechanisms. 15. Stereo camera ( 31 ) according to claim 14, characterized in that identically designed gear transmissions ( 33 L, 33 R) are attached to rotary shafts ( 32 L, 32 R) of the right and left sets of parallel connection mechanisms, and the two gear transmissions ( 33 L, 33 R) interlock, and the right and left parallel connection mechanisms interact synchronously. 16. Stereo camera ( 41 , 61 ; 71 ) according to claim 14, characterized in that the inner portions of the right and left lens carriers ( 42 L, 42 R; 65 L, 65 R), which are arranged in the right and left parallel connection mechanism , are arranged one above the other, and parallel recesses ( 45 L, 45 R) are formed in the superimposed sections at an angle of approximately 90 ° to the direction of the optical axes, and a vertical shaft for the distance adjustment between the two lens carriers ( 42 L , 42 R; 65 L, 65 R; 74 L, 74 R) and a cam ( 43 ; 67 ) with a diameter which is approximately the same size as the width of the parallel recesses ( 45 L, 45 R) the shaft is mounted for the removal setting, and (43; 67), the cam cooperates with the formed in the right and left lens carriers (42 L, 42 R) parallel grooves (45 L, 45 R), wherein upon rotation of the shaft, the eliminator is set so that the two lens carriers ( 42 L, 42 R; 65 L, 65 R; 74 L, 74 R) can be moved synchronously along the circular arc lines. 17. Stereo camera ( 31 ; 41 ; 61 ; 71 ) according to claim 7 or 14, characterized in that leaf springs ( 48 ) on the camera housing ( 46 ) of the stereo camera ( 31 ; 41 ; 61 ; 71 ) are attached to the sections which the lens carriers ( 42 L, 42 R; 65 L, 65 R; 74 L, 74 R) are arranged on the camera housing, and the leaf springs ( 48 ) in spring contact with the side surfaces of the right and left lens carriers ( 42 L, 42 R ; 65 L, 65 R; 74 L, 74 R) to close gaps between the camera body and lens carriers. 18. Stereo camera ( 31 ; 41 ; 61 ; 71 ) according to claim 7 or 14, characterized in that a displaceable viewfinder lens between the two lens carriers ( 38 L, 38 R; 42 L, 42 R; 65 L, 65 R; 74 L , 74 R) can be pushed back and forth, and a cam is attached as a means for displacement on the shaft for distance adjustment and displacement of the lens carrier ( 42 L, 42 R; 65 L, 65 R; 74 L, 74 R) , and a coupling mechanism for coupling the distance adjustment mechanism and the adjustment mechanism of the distance between the optical axes of the lens carriers and the distance adjustment mechanism of the viewfinder lenses is arranged in the stereo camera ( 31 , 41 ; 61 ; 71 ). 19. Stereo camera ( 31 ; 41 ; 61 ; 71 ) according to claim 7 or 14, characterized in that a prism finder between the lens carriers ( 38 L, 38 R; 42 L, 42 R; 65 L, 65 R; 74 L, 74 R) is arranged to compose a viewfinder image by means of projection onto a focusing screen, a left field of the field of view of the left exposure lens and a right field of the field of view of the right exposure lens being composed by means of a compound prism, and the compound prism being partially or completely displaceable forwards or backwards is arranged, and a cam as a means for displacement on the shaft for the distance adjustment of the lens carrier ( 38 L, 38 R; 42 L, 42 R; 65 L, 65 R; 74 L, 74 R) is attached, and a coupling mechanism Isf is provided for the coupling of the distance adjustment mechanism and the adjustment mechanism for the distance between the optical axes of the two lenses with the displacement mechanism of the compound prism to the Gesic Correct the field of the composite prism.