DE19625105A1 - Comminutor-agglomerator processing variety of waste materials e.g. vehicle shreddings - Google Patents

Abstract

The method processes components from mixed plastics, together with structural materials e.g. metal particles, glass, rubber, wood and fibrous materials. The components are size-reduced by impact, in an agglomerator. Plastic, metal, glass and rubber fractions are separated from each other, or the plastic is processed to a mass or granules. Also claimed is a plant for the process, comprising a cylindrical casing (9, 10) with top loading section (23). The rotary cutter (17) has impactors or hammers (24, 25, 26) opposite the circumferential edge of a stator cutter (16) and driven by a geared motor. Also claimed is use of the plant and process to recycle light shredded fractions, consisting of scrapped vehicles with rubber, metal, textile and rubber components.

Description

In the main patent is a process for processing Components made of mixed plastics and mixed with them other building materials, such as metal parts, glass, rubber, wood, Fibers and the like. Described, the components in crushing an agglomerator by impact nert and the plastic, metal, glass and rubber parts be separated from each other, or the plastics to Gra processed nulat or as a mass in the plastic state will. It has now been shown that this is in the main The process described in the patent also applies to paper industry can find its application, especially at waste paper recycling, where so-called rejects started to occur len. The rejects consist essentially of foils like plastics, textile components and in gerin according to the scope of metal parts. The material can go directly into the Machine entered or by a z. B. Roll squeeze be pre-dewatered. The process causes the Plasticize plastic parts and thereby from zel loosen loose substances and metals.

According to the additional invention, the output material can be like be separated as follows:

• 1. Cellulose materials for paper production
• 2. Plastic agglomerate for energy recovery or for the production of molded parts
• 3. Metals which are used for the recycling of waste metal that can.

Another variant would be the overall material, i.e. the Reject rejects from the machine as a pasty mass and then directly to a chemical process or manufacture molded parts.  

Another application is processing of sewage sludge, either pre-dried or not pre-dried dried. If necessary, the sewage sludge can be shredded light fraction or plastics mixed in general which are processed on their own, depending on Plastic content of the sewage sludge. The sewage sludge can materially separated after processing, such as also the rejects or the shredder light fraction and then appropriate further uses are supplied.

Carpet waste can also be processed advantageously The carpets may be pre-shredded Sizes of approx. DIN A3 or smaller and then in the size apparently retracted. There they can be processed into agglomerate be processed, with the process, as with all Processing materials, the metals and stones, etc. from separate the plastics and loose in the output bed are present, where they are then known separations techniques can be removed, or the carpeting material is a pasty mass, in different viscosities possible, ejected and then further uses, such as B. pressing into molded parts, screw conveying in Molded parts or chemical recycling techniques supplied.

Through the machine control or its measurement data acquisition as well as their mechanics can PVC waste or the like temperature-critical materials to the above Ejection product variants are processed.

A diesel engine can advantageously be used as the drive motor provide what are the advantages of having a Operating possibility, regardless of the customer Power grid situation, for a cheaper energy conversion leads because of the generator losses and electrical conduction  Length losses no longer apply and the waste heat is used meergy of the engine advantageous via heat exchangers Predrying of the input material can be used.

Another advantageous embodiment provides that the base plate on an inner ring held at a distance is adjustable in height to the rotor.

It is also advantageous that the distance of the corner point te on the outer edge of the rotor outer knife to the cylindri the inner jacket is the same.

This has the advantage that the batch is better the process and the material can be discontinued and the machine continues to eject the material can be emptied better. Furthermore, the Extend knife service life and thereby wear lower.

The invention is set forth in the description below hand of execution shown in the drawings play explained in more detail.

Show it,

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention in elevation, partially geschnit th,

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the rotor holder with a fixed rotor and

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the rotor diameter of a portion,

Fig. 4 shows the wear of the cylindrical mantle In nenraummantels in plan view,

Fig. 5 is a wear plate segment of the cylindri's interior jacket in side view together with a floor wear segment and

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the agglomerator base plate.

The device shown in Fig. 1 shows a drive motor 2 on a base plate 1 with subsequent coupling 3 and angular gear 4th On the drive shaft 21 of the transmission 4 is a rotor seat 19 for fastening supply of a rotor 17 which rotates above an agglomerator base plate 6 with wear plates 7 . The base plate 6 is mounted on a lower housing ring 5 . The cylindrical inner jacket 9 is covered with wear plates 18 and is followed by a further cylindrical inner jacket 10 . The stator knives 16 are located on the inner casing 9 , opposite the rotor knife 17 . In the edge region of the rotary knife 17 , a cake 40 is formed , which can then be machined or processed accordingly.

Instead of the drive motor 2 , a diesel engine direct drive can be provided, the diesel engine having a corresponding analog output information for the control, which replaces the current consumption in the electric motor. Furthermore, the heat loss energy of the diesel engine can be used via heat exchangers to pre-dry the input material. This also creates the prerequisite in Germany for using tax-free fuel for the diesel engine (heating oil).

As shown in FIG. 2, 6 different options can be used to change the distance between the rotor 17 and the agglomerator base plate. The base plate 6 extends in diameter up to the outer diameter of the rotor receptacle 19 and adjoins an inner ring 44 which engages with another ring 45 in the rotor receptacle 19 . This ring 45 is to be evaluated as a labyrinth seal, and several such seals can also be arranged on the shaft passage opening 48 . One or more rings can be provided as a labyrinth seal for sealing at the rotor shaft through hole. By axia les displacement of the base plate 6 , the distance 34 for the rotor height can thus be carried out even during operation. It is also possible to move the rotor shaft up and down. This means that the machine can be better adjusted to the process and the material during the batch and the machine can also be emptied better when the material is ejected.

The shaft 21 can also be raised and lowered, in particular during operation.

For this purpose, it is also advantageous, as shown in FIG. 3, to change the outer rotor knife 24 in the region of its outer edge 43 such that the same distance 41 to the inner jacket 9 is given at the corner points 42 . It is also advantageous to change the shape and size of the stator knives 16 or to omit them entirely and thus to increase the service life of the knives and reduce the wear costs.

To adapt to the different circumstances, it can also be useful to design the wear inner sleeves 18 (divided into segments) of the sleeve 9 at one pivot point and at the other end to be adjustable inward (hydraulic, motorized, and the like), in order to make them different From stand phases between rotor 17 and outer casing 9 to get during operation.

FIG. 4 shows the division of the wear plate casing 18 into individual wear segments 47 , at least three such elements being provided to form the casing in order to be able to carry out the assembly and disassembly better.

As Fig. 5 shows, the panels are designed so 47 that they can rotate through 180 ° and can therefore exploit the plate twice, most with the advantage of lower Verschleißko and faster exchange of the plates. The approximate wear range is marked with the reference symbol 46 .

Fig. 6 shows essentially the Agglomeratorboden with a shaft passage opening 48, the adjoining inner ring 44 and the wear plates 7, which are divided into individual segments wear plate 49th These segments 49 are located in the vicinity of the inner wall 9 of the container cylinder and are screwed from below through the base plate, 49 threads being provided in the wear plate segments. This ensures that the wear plates 49 can be changed quickly and easily. The cost of materials and the costs are low, as only the wear area is changed. The number of segments 49 is not important here, but at least three segments are required because of the fact that they can be removed and assembled.

Claims (6)

1. Process for processing components made of mixed plastics and other building materials mixed with them, such as metal parts, glass, rubber, wood, fibrous materials and the like. The components are crushed in an agglomerator by an impact load and the plastic, metal , Glass and rubber parts are separated from one another, or the plastics are processed into granules or as a mass in the plastic state, according to a patent (patent application 196 00 482.9-16), characterized in that the rejects contained in the waste paper, essentially consisting of film-like Plastics, textile components and metals are agglomerated, plasticized and separated in the recycling of waste paper. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the material before processing in the agglomerator is dewatered. 3. Apparatus for processing components made of mixed plastics and other building materials mixed with them, such as metal parts, glass, rubber, wood, fiber materials and the like, the components being crushed in an agglomerator by an impact load and the plastic, metal , Glass and rubber parts are separated from each other, or the plastics are processed into granules or as a mass in the plastic state according to the patent (patent application 196 00 482.9-16), a cylindrical jacket with an attached loading part being provided, in which a rotor knife is provided Baffle elements are arranged opposite one another with the peripheral edge, which is driven by a drive motor with a gear, characterized in that a drive motor ( 2 ) is provided as a diesel engine. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat loss of the motor ( 2 ) shear via Wärmetau for drying the material can be used. 5. Device according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the base plate ( 6 )) on an inner ring ( 44 ) held at a distance ( 34 ) to the rotor ( 17 ) is adjustable in height. 6. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the distance ( 41 ) of the corner points ( 42 ) on the outer edge ( 43 ) of the rotor outer knife ( 24 ) to the cylindrical inner casing ( 9 ) is the same.