DE19608636A1 - System for non-positively connecting round and half-round beams - Google Patents

Abstract

The system involves a steel bracket or profile being non-positively fitted into a longitudinally sawn assembly slit (1) in a beam. A connecting beam is wedged in like a peg or screwed to a steel latticed oblong cage. A double dowel which is either rigid or rotates relative to itself is directly joined to the beam in various connecting directions. The dowel for force transmission between various types of beams is inserted into a plastic mortar in a bore.

Description

The invention relates to methods and devices for non-positive Compound of round and half timber. Here are through Saw cut, drilling or milling the wood so prepared that their curves are eliminated.

The former timber construction of the carpenters is considered the forerunner of ours today's engineering wood constructions. In today's wood construction centuries of craft experience can be seen. But earlier than today is the preferred material. Rundholz also currently has little importance. In the wood construction pocketbook 1974 is on page 541 to read: "The logs are required for the production of connections and extensive processing to compensate for the different thicknesses. In contrast, when using square timber, 20% to 30% of wage hours saved. "

If you consider it carefully, the result is very unsatisfactory Picture. Here is the current situation:

• a) With a lot of machine and manual work is unnecessarily Round timber made of square timber.
• b) The saw cut usually makes the valuable sapwood separated and thrown into the trash. The less good heartwood is therefore preferably a structural timber.
• c) The log in its natural growth form has optimal static cross-section, but this preference is currently taking place little attention.
• d) In the forest business, therefore, are small pieces of wood (poles) no longer harvested - it is left to rot as dead wood.
• e) Economically, this lack is hardly considered.

The invention has for its object the advantages of logs to show through new constructions. In addition to the statically favorable round shape of the wood also further improvements be presented, the wood-saving, simpler and especially cheaper Show processing methods.

The technical problem is solved according to the invention by achieved the development of new engineering wood constructions. Features of this idea are in the characterizing part of the main claim enumerated.  

The advantages achieved with the invention are in particular in this:

• a) Round timber is cheaper and structurally more advantageous than squared timber.
• b) Waste only occurs when cut to length.
• c) Warehousing can be limited to a few basic elements.
• d) Assembly work is simple, and it can be mainly semi-skilled Auxiliary workers are employed.
• e) The level of prefabrication is high.
• f) The connections are fully non-positive.
• g) All connections can be released again.
• h) Due to the possibility to add individual rods also add larger forces can also be derived.
• i) The processing of small wood is worthy of economic support.

The embodiments of the invention

• 1. Non-positively installed steel straps and steel profiles in sawn-in mounting slots.
  • 1.1 The installation of steel straps in logs.
    It shows:
    Fig. 1 shows a round timber with längseingesägtem mounting slot (1),
    Fig. 2 is a rigid connection tab, alternatively also be produced as an angle piece,
    Fig. 3 terminal strip having pre-drilled central cam,
    Fig. 4, two connecting lugs with edge cams and pivot bolt,
    Fig. 5 house roof system by reference signs,
    Fig. 6 binder system by reference signs,
    Fig. 7 First connection corresp. Reference numeral 2,
    Fig. 8 Traufanschluß corresp. Numeral 3,
    Fig. 9 Hahn beams terminal corresp. Reference numeral 4,
    Fig. 10 ceiling connection corresp. Numeral 5,
    Fig. 11 Bindertraufanschluß corresp. Numeral 6,
    Fig. 12 Binder node corresp. Reference numeral 7.
    Assembly:
    The steel brackets are anchored in the assembly slots using rod dowels or bolts. During assembly, the tabs are driven into the assembly slots ( 1 ) and held in place by the clamping action of the wood. A distinction is made between rigid connecting flanges and universally usable tabs with hinge pins. It is advisable to prepare the bars on one side with tabs prior to installation. The rods are precisely fitted by pre-drilling the holes for the rod dowels or the bolts.
    Benefits:
    The invention enables the non-positive installation of weak logs. The assembly is simplified by the assembly slots. Diverse application options.
  • 1.2 The installation of steel profiles in half-timber with two application examples.
    • a) frame truss
      It shows:
      Fig. 13 a frame binder with reference numeral 8,
      Fig. 14 a frame cutout corresp. Reference numeral 8,
      Fig. 15 Torsionally welded mounting crosses, which are to be inserted into sawn-in mounting slots.
      Assembly:
      It is advantageous to weld] steels ( 9 ) on their flat side to form mounting crosses. Long weld seams achieve high torsional strength there. It is also advantageous that two mounting slots can be sawn on the flat side of the half timbers ( 10 ) in one operation. The flange legs of the] steels ( 9 ) are driven into these slots. Through this combination, the torsional forces that occur are transferred from the installation crosses to the half-timber. Additional clamping bolts ( 11 ) must be pulled in for transverse forces.
      Benefits:
      Particularly suitable for temporary buildings, non-specialist assistants can be used, only a wooden cross-section is used for the installation, by reducing the post spacing and by adding additional support units, larger loads can also be absorbed, the preparatory work on the timber is low and there is little waste.
    • b) Wedge stumps for vaults
      It shows:
      Fig. 16 shows the assembly of 8 wedge cones (12) to a vault and a further reference mark (13),
      Figure 17 corr. To contact shock of the upper flange. The reference numeral 13 and the Zentriereisen 14,
      Fig. 18 shows the corner joints of the truncated wedge perpendicular to the force direction through a further angle piece (15) at the mounting cross,
      Fig. 19 cross-section through a simple wedge stump,
      Fig. 20 cross section through a multi-part wedge stump for larger load bearing.
      Assembly:
      The wedge stumps ( 12 ) are assembled into a vault by the abutting contact of the belts. The individual wedge stump is prefabricated before installation. A contact joint is formed by angled connections with centering iron ( 14 ), which should ensure an even flow of force. The assembly process was dealt with in detail in the description of a frame truss under a.
      Benefits:
      The material wood is light in weight and can be subjected to relatively high loads in the longitudinal direction. Due to these advantages, the wood is well suited for the construction of vaults.
• 2. Dowel-like installation of woodwork in a grid-shaped elongated steel basket.
  • 2.1 The connection to a triangular basket made of obtuse-angled corner profiles.
    It shows:
    Fig. 21 shows the cross section of a triangle showing the basket of six possible directions and connecting a built-in spindle screw (16) with the mandrel and sheet abutment,
    Fig. 22 is a perspective view of a triangular obtuse basket from steel profiles (17) and web plates (18),
    Fig. 23, the system of a parallel beam with reference numeral 19,
    Fig. 24 a binder node corresp. Reference numerals 19,
    Fig. 25 is a rafter roof system with the reference numerals 20 and 21,
    Fig. 26 Sparrenfußpunkt corresp. Reference numerals 20,
    Fig. 27 First chevron point corresp. Reference numeral 21.
    Assembly:
    The corners of the basket consist of obtuse-angled steel profiles ( 17 ) and are welded by web plates ( 18 ). The angular position of these corner profiles is designed so that a connecting timber can be connected from six directions. The wood has two saw cuts perpendicular to the direction of force for each basket connection, which correspond to the angles of the corner profiles and into which the angle legs can be driven. A screw ( 16 ) with a mandrel and abutment plate or a wedge made of wood or spring steel is used for mounting pressure on the connecting timber and for fixing it in position. The basket can have the length of a truss width, or can hold together an entire structure in a cross-section in greater length. However, the force input into the basket must be balanced by changing the connection direction.
    Benefits:
    With a balanced basket load, loads of any size can be absorbed by adding force. Furthermore, unshelled canes can be installed by auxiliary staff in just a few assembly steps. Good suitability for temporary buildings. Easy detachability of the connections.
  • 2.2 The connection to a triangular basket made of tubular steel as a corner profile.
    It shows:
    Fig. 28 shows the cross section of a triangular basket showing six possible connection directions. Three steel tubes can be seen as the corner points of the basket. It is necessary that the connecting pieces each have two semicircular cutouts that surround the steel pipes in pairs and are held together by three clamping bolts,
    Fig. 29 shows a vault binder with the reference numeral 22,
    Fig. 30 is a full connection with two half timber and for the belts a lap joint corresp. (22)
    Fig. 31 shows the cross section for a mast or pillar,
    Fig. 32 the vertical longitudinal section - the triangular baskets are welded hexagonal.
    Assembly:
    There are three mounting options:
    • a) The wood is held in a non-positive position by screw or wedge pressure (see assembly according to 2.1).
    • b) With their cutouts, two half-timbers enclose the steel tubes and are held together by clamping bolts (full connection).
    • c) Two half-timbers are connected to the triangular basket by an overlap joint.
  • Benefits:
    All connections are rigidly integrated into the triangular basket. When using the overlap joint, not only are two pieces of wood connected in a force-locking manner, but also shear forces are also transferred to the triangular basket. This type of composite can be used to build a large number of different structures with great transverse rigidity, especially with a similar basic element.
  • 2.3 The connection to a square basket made of right-angled corner profiles.
    It shows:
    Fig. 33 is a perspective view of a square basket of rectangular steel profiles (23) and web plates (24),
    Fig. 34 shows the cross section through two connected half-timbers, which have been spread out by two screwed angle pieces and thereby rest firmly with their saw cuts in the angle leg ( 23 ). The basket is connected across T-steels ( 24 ),
    Fig. 35 is a spread angle of spring steel,
    Fig. 36 the cross section of two connected half timbers, which have been spread by a wedge,
    Fig. 37 is the view of a spline connection,
    Fig. 38 a wedge made of spring steel,
    Fig. 39 is a square timber, which is supported by expansion screws,
    Fig. 40 an external node in the multi-storey,
    Fig. 41, the inside view of a half-timbered wall corresp. Fig. 40. It has been shown the rising timber (25) and the ceiling beams corresp. Reference numeral (26)
    Fig. 42 is a plan view of the stud wall in cross-section,
    Fig. 43 a high load-square pillar,
    Fig. 44 the composite with dowels from the cross composite of the square basket.
    Assembly:
    The square basket offers the possibility of pressing cross-cut sawn timber into the angle legs of the corner profiles. It is advantageous here that the woods can be installed in pairs. The corresponding saw cuts sit in the rough sawn flat sides and point outwards, their arched opposite side is pressed apart from the inside by a pair of angles with a screw or by a wedge. This simple assembly step means that two pieces of wood are installed in a force-locking manner. It is furthermore advantageous that the round wooden arch lies in the interior of the wall and the rough flat sides point outwards, as a result they form a good installation basis for the subsequent planking.
    Benefits:
    The invention has considerable advantages over the wall and ceiling construction methods now in use.
    To mention are:
    • a) The woodwork is cheap, it requires little preparation and has no longitudinal waste.
    • b) Little construction site work for the node network.
    • c) Easy to learn assembly process, work is also suitable for non-specialist assistants.
    • d) The wall and ceiling are double-skinned and therefore have a high level of insulation against noise and cold.
    • e) Quick construction for temporary structures.
    • f) Thanks to the assembly baskets, good cross-connection for the entire structure.
    • g) Particularly suitable for higher buildings due to the adapted load-bearing capacity of the walls.
  • 2.4 The connection to a square basket made of tubular steel as a corner profile.
    It shows:
    Fig. 45 shows the cross section of a square basket showing eight possible connection directions. Four steel tubes can be seen as the corner point of the basket. It is necessary that the connecting pieces each have two semicircular cutouts that surround the steel pipes in pairs and are held together by clamping bolts,
    Fig. 46 is a roof system with the reference numeral 27,
    Fig. 47 a Sparrenfußpunkt corresp. The reference numeral 27,
    Fig. 48 shows a framework with diagonal struts.
    Assembly:
    The assembly process corresponds to the illustration in 2.2, but there is also the option of pulling in diagonal wood.
    Benefits:
    According to the list under 2.3, but this basket can be connected from eight directions.
• 3. Rod connections through rotatable or rigid double dowels in direct connection with the connecting rods.
  • 3.1 Rod connections using double dowels that can be rotated relative to one another.
    It shows:
    Fig. 49 an inner rod connecting by bolts or dowels,
    Fig. 50 an outer rod connecting by bolts or dowels,
    Fig. 51 a tab terminal according to the presented principles in 1.1,
    Fig. 52 shows a cross section through two built-half timber for a parallel beam,
    Fig. 53 is a side view of a connecting node for a parallel beam,
    Fig. 54, the system of a vault binder with the reference numeral 28,
    Fig. 55 is a node formation corresp. Reference numerals 28,
    Fig. 56 Connection bracket with drill hole for a threaded rod.
    Assembly:
    Circular incisions for receiving round dowels are sawn into the flat cut surfaces of two half-timbers and a center hole is drilled for a hinge pin. A round dowel is driven into the round incision on both sides. At this round dowel there is a connection tab for receiving round wooden bars. To support higher forces, additional support systems can be mounted on the hinge pin.
    Benefits:
    Any angle connections of the diagonal bars on the upper and lower chord. Little cutting loss in wood and good centric force input on the hinge pin.
  • 3.2 Rod connections on a square base plate, on which round or corner anchors are available on both sides and are suitable for the construction of space structures.
    It shows:
    Fig. 57 a square base plate with welded-on round dowels, at the corners there are connecting straps to which diagonal bars can be attached. In this view, the crossing of two straps is also shown with dashed lines,
    Fig. 58 the section AA as two crossing half timber. The illustration is the lower belt knot in a space structure,
    Fig. 59 the section BB. The corner points of the base plate are angled and have a hole for connecting the lugs,
    Fig. 60 is a three-dimensional framework. The thick lines are the cross-shaped half timber as the top chords, the dashed thick lines are the cross-shaped half timber as the bottom chords and the solid thin lines are the diagonal struts.
    Assembly:
    The basic principle of assembly is similar to the description under 3.1. Deviating from this, additional is added: Round or square dowels are attached to both sides of a square mounting base plate, into which the straps can be pressed in crosswise and can be fixed in position by means of tack bolts. On the corners of the base plate there are tabs for direct connection of the diagonal struts or for other angle pieces as a hole connection. The joints of the straps are designed as an overlap joint, whereby the same base plate as for the intersection knots can be used, but here the preparatory corner connections for the diagonal struts can be omitted.
    Benefits:
    With light assembly work, many structures can be created with just a few basic elements. As a structurally indefinite structure, it has a high level of fracture resistance. The steel consumption is relatively low.
• 4. Mortar dowel for power transmission in various types of wood.
  It shows:
  Fig. 61 shows the cross section through a wooden ceiling made of two-ply half-timber. The flat saw surfaces are the visible surfaces and the debarked arch surfaces are in the ceiling,
  Fig. 62 is a plan view of a wooden ceiling half timber,
  Fig. 63 is a longitudinal section of a two-layer blanket of half timber, in this case pass the adjusted intermediate bearing assembly of mortar in plastic bags (29),
  Fig. 64 is a plan view of a wooden ceiling half timber with mortar anchors,
  Fig. 65 is a longitudinal section of a two-layer blanket of half timber, in this case the half-woods are corr. To the static preconditions semicircular milled and filled with mortar assembly in plastic bags (30).
  Assembly:
  In the case of a two-layer blanket made of half-timber, the lower layer is first wired up with the bulge side upwards, and as a matched bond to the top layer, a tubular plastic bag with assembly mortar ( 29 ) is placed on the bulge in the plastic state. Here, the plastic fresh mortar adapts to the arch profile. The top layer is then pressed into the mortar bed with the same curvature at the same height. To improve the cross bond, it is advantageous to add additional reinforcement mesh to the assembly mortar. For the horizontal flow of force, semicircular depressions have to be milled into the vaulted side of the half-timber, into which plastic assembly mortar penetrates when fresh, and as a result it has an anchor function after hardening ( 30 ). However, this connection must also be secured with clamping bolts.
  Benefits:
  • • a) The deforestation of the half-timber is eliminated by changing the installation direction.
    • b) Small wood is relatively cheap and there is no cut loss in the longitudinal direction with this processing.
    • c) Good sound and heat insulation due to the high percentage of solid wood.
    • d) The ceiling shows its cut surfaces at the top and bottom and requires little post-treatment.
    • e) Wage-saving design.

Claims (10)

1. The method and device for the frictional connection of round or half-timber are characterized in that

• a) non-positively integrates a steel bracket or a steel profile into a sawn-in mounting slot,
• b) wedges or screws a connecting piece into a grid-shaped, elongated steel basket like a dowel,
• c) connects a rigid or mutually rotatable double dowel directly to a wood from different connection directions, and
• f) brings mortar dowels for power transmission to various types of wood in the plastic state.

2. The method and device according to claim 1 is characterized in that a longitudinal assembly cut ( 1 ) is sawn into a log for receiving a mounting bracket, which comes to the assembly by rod dowels or bolts with the wood and once rigid with a second bracket in any angular position is welded, or on the other hand, if both mounting brackets are connected by hinge bolts, is used in a universal angular position. 3. The method and device according to claim 1 is characterized in that that one or more longitudinal cuts in the flat side of a half timber to accommodate one or more flanges of composite profiles be sawn and by such a composite torsional forces from the Flange legs on which longitudinal cuts can be derived. 4. The method and apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that a lattice-shaped, triangular metal basket, the obtuse-angled steel profiles ( 17 ) with flat web plates ( 18 ) were welded in the longitudinal direction, are suitable to alternatively shoot sawn timber in six directions to its corner profiles , whereby the connection pressure on the wood and its position is made by a spindle screw or a wedge. 5. The method and device according to claim 1 and 4 is characterized in that a grid-shaped, triangular metal basket, the corner profiles consist of steel tubes with flat web plates in Longitudinally welded, is suitable, transverse milled construction timber alternatively in six directions to its rounds Connect corner profiles, the connection pressure on the wood and its position fixation by a screw or a Wedge occurs, moreover, two half-timbers can be created by overlapping be connected in a dowel-like manner, with the wood milling the pipe profiles encloses and clamp bolts hold the overlap together.   6. The method and device according to claim 1, 4 and 5 is characterized by that a lattice-shaped, square metal basket, the corners of which made of rectangular assembly steel, which with web plates or ┬ profiles are welded together in the longitudinal direction, is suitable, alternatively sawn in construction timber connecting four directions to its right-angled corner profiles, optionally the connection pressure on the wood and its position fixation once by screws or wedges, or on the other two half-timbers can be inserted into the square basket at the same time, that they cut their saw cuts by pressing on their vaulted side slide into the legs of the angle steels and thereby non-positively connected to the basket. 7. The method and device according to claim 1, 4, 5 and 6 is thereby characterized in that a lattice-shaped, square metal basket, the Corners made of steel tubes, which with web plates or Pipe profiles are welded together in the longitudinal direction is, construction timber with semicircular cutouts alternatively in to connect eight directions to its tubular steel profiles, whereby either the connection pressure on the wood and its position fixation one time by screws or wedges, or the other two Half timbers can be inserted into the square basket at the same time, that they press through on their vaulted side with their cutouts slide into the tube profiles and thereby non-positively connected to the basket. 8. The method and device according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the facing cut surfaces of two half-timbers Dowels are embedded that can be rotated together with the timbers Hinge pins sit and as a special feature in direct connection with one Connection tab or with a perforated elbow, which gives the possibility of passing the wood over the dowels their tabs or hole angles, indirectly with other construction timbers connect to. 9. The method and device according to claim 1 and 8 is characterized in that on a square mounting base plate on both sides Dowels are located, crosswise in their position due to their position Hold firmly, with at least one central clamping bolt the wood in this position compresses non-slip and thereby the Mounting base plate fixed so that tabs or perforated corners Angle pieces for connecting diagonal bars can be installed can, which then creates belt knots in a space structure can be used equally above or below and the connecting ones Connect the diagonal wood on both sides with a force fit.   10. The method and device according to claim 1 is characterized in that plastic assembly mortar in the not yet set state serves as an intermediate layer of round and half-timber, here it adapts to the round shapes of the wood by pressure, and after hardening it is suitable for vertical forces transferred to the curves, but the mortar can also harden in transverse milling of the wood to mortar dowels ( 30 ), whereby it is then able to absorb horizontal forces with an additional arrangement of clamping bolts, with the method it is also advantageous to use the assembly mortar to be used in tubular plastic bags.