DE1914554A1 - Process for consolidating and sealing soil formations in construction - Google Patents

Description

Attorney's file 18 261

Kabushiki Kaisha Takenaka Komuten, Osaka / Japan

Method for consolidating and sealing soil formations in construction

In the conventional soil consolidation method by injection Chemical preparations are injected with a chemical liquid immediately before the injection by mixing two or more chemically reacting components was obtained in the soil, being initially the water in the cavities in the ground is displaced by the chemical mixture and then duroh the reaction of different chemical substances with one another

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Components water-insoluble solid masses in the cavities are formed between the soil particles to keep the water out or to consolidate the soil. However, this method starts at the moment when the various chemical components are mixed together be, any chemical component in the chemical

P Mixture continuously from liquid to wet state to pass over; this solidification takes place regardless of the time it takes for the chemical mixture to to flow through the injection device to the soil to be treated; so if the chemical liquid solidifies quickly, so it is almost impossible to avoid difficulties due to the rapid increase in viscosity, the chemical preparation becomes gelatinous or clogged near the injection tube

. to leave out, the reaction product being a Prevents unreacted liquid from going too far; so this procedure is flawed.

On the other hand, if the chemical preparation slowly solidifies, it is thus possible to keep the increase in viscosity in the injection device low, but it remains chemical preparation still flowable and becomes through even after reaching the ground point to be treated the water contained in the soil is diluted, so that the

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Plague is further delayed and the previous preparation is occasionally transported by the groundwater from the site to be treated to other sites, which leads to a complete failure of the injection. --- ^: - y- '■ "■ - ■' - ■■ - '■■ - ■■ - -

In the conventional process, the chemical Liquid have two fundamentally contradicting properties, namely, on the one hand, retention good flowability and, on the other hand, rapid setting.

Because of this contradiction, the only known method of controlling the rate of solidification of the chemical liquid is to increase the rate of the chemical reaction along the rate Time-viscosity curve to control, whereby the viscosity increase at the beginning of the injection is as low as keeps possible, but the viscosity after a certain Time increases rapidly. However, the speed of the chemical reaction is always dependent on the ambient temperature, the concentration of the chemical preparation, the Ratio of chemical components and the like. Dependent. So the controls are difficult and everything in the Implementation occurring in practice, e.g. the consideration

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the soil conditions, the efficiency of the injection device, the various levels of skill the Arteiter and the like, leads to a different one Result of the injection work.

Such a complicated process, for the big technical one Experience is required, so it is not suitable for normal operation. In fact, it was successful many times in practice not to work exactly according to this procedure in invisible places. This procedure is suitable ' not even for work in the field, where the working conditions are usually not perfect.

Even in civil engineering, e.g. when building basements or tunnels, groundwater can leak through cracks seeped into concrete walls or linings. Traditionally the water was kept out in such places by opening the cracks with a chemical liquid similar to the one described above, sealed in a manner similar to that previously described. These procedures were similar to the above described inadequate. Even if one assumes that the chemical liquid in the bite could be solidified, it could not be avoided that Water between the solidified preparation and the

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Surface of the crack was; however, this water causes poor contact between the solidified preparation and the surface of the crack, and the penetration of the Water in the solidified preparation reduces its solidity by expansion phenomena, so that a flawless holding off of water becomes impossible.

The building of ground anchors in construction is usually done by digging a pit and then building the concrete anchor or drilling holes in the ground and inserting cement mortar and anchor rods into them, whereby the soil strength is increasedj but large equipment is required for excavating and drilling Narrow the workplace if neighboring buildings are very close, making these procedures impractical.

Furthermore, the excavation and drilling require a lot of labor and time and, moreover, it takes a considerable amount of time to until the concrete or cement mortar acquires the required strength; such procedures cannot therefore be used when retaining walls or embankments threaten to slide and immediate consolidation is required.

With large amounts of groundwater and when there was a current of groundwater at the anchorage point, you needed

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a lot of work and time to build, and it was impossible to achieve the desired strength "

The above-described difficulties in anchoring by injecting chemical preparations are eliminated in an efficient and inexpensive manner by the method of the invention described below. The method of operation according to the invention could not be used with the conventional methods because of the limited efficiency of the chemical preparations used are not used.

In the conventional soil consolidation method by injecting chemical preparations, those are injected through the Solid clods of earth formed by chemical preparation in the vicinity of the outlet openings of the injection tubes spherical or cylindrical and uniform in section fixed; but it is not necessary that the clods of earth are uniformly solid on average, yes, it is more rational and economical that they are earth cells of those only the outer surfaces are solidified, but the inside is not solidified. With the conventional method It was almost impossible to inject a chemical preparation into clumps of earth in the form of cells or bowls to manufacture. Even if this were possible, would have

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Their mechanical strength has been too low, so that them without practical. Would have been useful.

The present invention is based on the use of a liquid chemical preparation which. mainly e.g. contains a compound containing isqcyanate groups, which, on contact with water, form a water-insoluble solid mass and release a The gas begins to react chemically. *

The method of the invention is extremely effective and can be carried out very easily. Comes a liquid mixture of an isocyanate compound and a silane compound in contact with water, which is in cavities This is how it reacts Mixture with the water and the water-insoluble reaction product is used with the assistance of the reaction formed gas to clog the cavities. It educates So there is a solid mass in the treated cavities. In this way, cavities can be blocked in a simple and effective manner t; become., ζ · B. · When sealing water, gas and / or oil-permeable places - in construction, in soil improvement, when widening the foot of posts and the like *.

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If a liquid containing an isocyanate compound of relatively high molecular weight is used, the reactivation product resulting from the reaction with water is very tough and a solid with high mechanical properties Strength; the volatile substances that occur are not toxic. Solids to a large extent containing reactive isocyanate groups are easily accessible; the isocyanate compound has only that a disadvantage that it has a relatively high viscosity and is therefore resistant to penetration into soil or Component cavities opposed a great resistance and is difficult to inject.

According to the invention, a flowable mixture is used which consists of an isocyanate compound and a derivative of a Silane compound exists, which has the remarkable advantage that the silane derivative is used as a solvent for the isocyanate compounds serves and reduces the viscosity, which makes it easier to penetrate the cavities Although this silane derivative is a mere diluent, like the isocyanate compound, it is subject to Hydrolysis to form a water-insoluble reaction product which helps to clog the pores; the reaction product resulting from the hydrolysis of the silane derivative is lonely, but it can make one

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Solid body of extremely high toughness and high compressive strength form strength when it is present together with the gel, which is produced by the reaction of the silane derivative with Water has been formed; according to the invention you can seal cavities in a durable way, improve the soil, the Widen the foot of piles and the like. If a liquid mixture according to the invention is used, this reacts in contact with water rapidly like a chain reaction, so that the solid is formed quickly in a simple manner without being washed away by flowing groundwater. Used during hydrolysis of the silane derivative Formation of a silicate gel formed a reactive hydrogen-containing alcohol that readily interacts with the isocyanate compound reacts, a solid is advantageously formed quickly. This is discussed in more detail below Embodiment 3 described. This represents the most preferred embodiment of the invention, however, it is also possible to use an isocyanate compound alone; the invention is explained below in terms of various Embodiments and modes of use described.

The invention differs from the conventional method both in theory and in practice, basically in the following points!

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a) The chemical preparation forms a solidified hatred only when exposed to moisture meets.

b) It is particularly advantageous that in the inventive Use of the flowable preparation simultaneously with the formation of a solidified one Mass a gas is released. The gas pressure facilitates the automatic advance and Penetration of the chemical preparation to or into the desired location. The solidified mass will so tightly bound to part or all of the surface of the cavity, creating water and oil is retained and gas permeability is prevented, which is flowable or solidified Mass is pressed under the gas pressure into the cavities, which completely clogged and be sealed. This is the greatest advantage of the invention.

c) The flowable preparation that reacts with Water solidifies and is easy to flow until it meets water. So it penetrates easily Create voids in the soil at the injected site.

d) When it comes into contact with water, a solid hatred without being diluted by water

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occurs and difficulties arise due to poor reaction. Bas released grass ▼ briefly displaces excess groundwater. The effective solidification range becomes in the case of the present invention Procedure widely expanded by the gas bubble.

e) The mass is brought into a form that A water cannot transport away, the cavities of a soil formation are filled in such a way that water or oil is kept out, gas permeability is prevented and the soil is effectively consolidated.

f) You process is very easy as there the rate of solidification is not difficult to control.

g) The flowable formulation used in the invention automatically responds to the locations where water _Λ ser to be held or consolidation is necessary. Since the chemical preparation reacts automatically with water-bearing soil or in water-permeable places, the necessary work can be carried out cheaply and efficiently without the need for great technical experience as in the conventional method. % JL -

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To carry out the method according to the invention, a very simple injection device is sufficient, and it is almost no experience needed.

Should a relatively flat ground be consolidated, e.g. to prevent water seepage Sheet pile walls for excavation work, for preventing water seepage when driving a tunnel or in preventing fracture in tunnel linings, rapid solidification can be achieved by mixing with muddy soil be achieved; a rapid consolidation of the soil is due to concentrated injections in selected areas possible by using either a hand operated piston pump or a piston pump of the simple type Using syringe or by squirting the chemical preparation to mix.

The present invention includes the following objects: 1. The required in the conventional method, complicated and troublesome control of the solidification rate of the chemical preparation is not necessaryj The subject of the invention is a simple and safe method for backfilling and sealing cavities in soil formations.

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2. The subject matter of the invention is also sealing of water- or oil-permeable places in the ground or the prevention of gas leakage through cavities in the ground or Components, e.g. gas leakage when drilling natural gas sources or natural gas sources.

3 · The subject matter of the invention is also an effective method for eliminating water penetration through cracks in Components or through cavities in soil formations.

4. The invention also relates to the creation of a reinforced base.

5. The invention also relates to the reinforcement of the soil in civil engineering.

6. The invention also relates to a pile construction method that is not influenced by the groundwater very effective, for example, in pile structures such as anchor rods and support piles with pull-out or driving-in soil resistance, can be applied.

7. The invention also relates to a method at to which a solidified mass formed by chemical reaction is firmly attached to the surface of the hollow

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-H- is bound to vacate.

8, The invention also relates to a method to increase the effective area of solidification the flowable chemical preparation injected into the ground or the component.

9. The subject of the invention is also a construction method, after which, in a simple and effective manner, a wall that keeps out groundwater, made of shell-like, solidified There is a lump of earth, or a soil reinforced by shell-like lumps of earth can be obtained. Other items and advantages of the invention result from the following, detailed description of the figures.

Fig. 1 shows a simplified side view of the invention Method of soil consolidation.

Fig. 2 shows an injection tube for injecting the chemical preparation into the ground.

3 and 5 show, enlarged and partially sectioned, injection nozzle parts of other injection devices.

Fig. 4 shows partially sectioned a handy injection device with which one conveniently a chemical Inject preparation into the soil.

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Fig. 6 shows in section a structure with water-permeable cracks which can be sealed according to the invention.

7 to 9 are sectional views showing the process stages in sealing water-permeable hoists demonstrate.

FIG. 10 shows, in a simplified manner, the inventive construction of Tie rods.

11 shows outlet openings of an injection tube which in turn is used as a tie rod or support pile.

Fig. 12 shows in section outlet openings of another injection tube, which in turn is used as a tie rod with high pull-out resistance.

Fig. 13 shows in perspective a water arranged in the ground of the usual kind.

Fig.H shows a partially cut perspective view in

Floor arranged, liquid-tight wall, which was built according to the method according to the invention.

Fig. 15 shows, partly in section, only the solid mass a solidified soil formation.

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Preferred embodiment 1.

The soil consolidation or sealing process is shown using an example in FIGS. 1 and 2; the lower pipe part 21 is of suitable length, has a sharp point 20 and many holes 22 as outlet openings for the ohemische Preparation; the injection pipe is driven, as shown for example in Fig. 1, at a predetermined depth into the soil which is to be consolidated, e.g. the soil 25, which is adjacent to the ground 24, which in turn is to be excavated} the head part 26 of the injection tube 23 is connected to the tank 27 for the chemical preparation with a hose 28, the liquid preparation in the tank 27 is pressed into the injection tube 23 under static pressure maintained by compressed air supplied by an air compressor 29 is supplied; so the chemical preparation is carried out through the discharge tubes 22 into the soil 25 injected.

When using a flowable chemical preparation that reacts with water on contact and a forms water-insoluble, solidified mass and releases a gas, a water-insoluble, solidified lump of earth 30 is automatically formed by the moisture that in the floor around the outlet openings Part 21 of the injection tube 23 is located so that the soil

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formations sealed with cavities and the soil solidified will. Simultaneously with the solidification of the wall, when the soil 24 is excavated, leakage can occur water from the excavated building pit can also be prevented by sealing off the porous soil formations will. If the soil to be consolidated extends strongly from top to bottom, the injection outlet holes can 22 arranged on the injection tube 23 in a corresponding length or the chemical preparation may be injected by making the injection tube 23 gradually is raised or lowered.

According to the invention, a porous, sealing wall in the ground as specified in claim 36 can be erected.

Furthermore, according to the invention, a porous, solidified soil, as indicated in claim 37, can be obtained.

If the flowable preparation to be used is liquid, then it can easily and safely into extremely small cavities penetration.

As an example of a chemical flowable preparation which can be used very effectively in the method according to the invention an isocyanate compound, which is the general

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men formula R - (NCO) corresponds, .or a group τοη Substances produced by the reaction of an isocyanate compound are obtained with an active hydrogen-containing compound and which react with water to polymerize, carbon dioxide gas is released and water-insoluble, gel-like, highly polymeric substances are formed.

In the above formula, R - (NCO), R means a organic group such as an aliphatic and / or aromatic group; η means the number 2 or a larger number.

Examples of such isocyanates are: 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, a mixture of 2,4- and. 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, crude toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate, Polyallylene polyisocyanate, m-phenylene diisocyanate, Hexamethylene-1,6-diisoeyanate, o-, m- and p-xylene diisocyanates, methylene-bis-p-phenylene diisocyanate and polyallylene polyphenyl isocyanate; and prepolymers containing a terminal isocyanate group and through Reaction of an excess of these isocyanates initially mentioned above with those containing active hydrogen Connections were obtained.

Examples of active hydrogen containing compounds, which are used for the production of the prepolymers

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can are water, alcohols, organic acids, amines and the like i 2- and polyhydric alcohols are preferred, e.g. ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerine, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol, as well as castor oil and its derivatives and polyether and polyethers with terminal hydroxyl groups as well as polyesters can be used

Used in this specification, the term "water ¹¹ includes not only the ordinary water but is the general term" active hydrogen-containing compound ". Thus, the hydrogen-containing compounds described above, be regarded as active water.

The polyethers mentioned with terminal hydroxyl groups are the addition polymerization products between low molecular weight Compounds containing active hydrogen and alkylene oxides, and in this case it is desirable to select low molecular weight compounds that have two or more active hydrogen atoms per molecule contain. As examples of solo polyethers, the reaction products between one or more of the the following compounds containing active hydrogen are mentioned: water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,

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Glycerin, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, sucrose, phosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, orthophosphoric acid, phosphoric acid derivatives such as glycerophosphoric acid, ammonia, Ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, ethylene amine and the like, and one or more of the following alkylene oxides, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 2,3-butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, J epiohlorohydrin, styrene oxide and the like.

Examples of polyesters with terminal hydroxyl groups are the products that result from the reaction of polybasic organic acids with an excess of polyhydric alcohol are obtained) are suitable as polybasic acids oxalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, Sebacic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, tetraophthalic acid, t trimellitic acid and the like; Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, egg ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,3,6-hexanetriol, are suitable as polyhydric alcohol. Glycerine, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, Sorbitol and mixtures thereof. The polyesters can be made by adding small amounts of organic monobasic acids and monohydric alcohols are modified. Also useful are polyesters with terminal hydroxyl groups obtained by polymerization of oxy acids and Laoton compounds. As organic acids, all

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the organic acids used to manufacture the aforementioned polyesters with terminal hydroxyl groups are used; it can also be polyester with terminal ends Hydroxyl groups are used, which are made from raw materials.

Primary and secondary amines can be used as amines, e.g. ammonia, methylamine, hydrazine, ethylenediamine, Diethylenetriamine and amine-terminated polyamides; Prepolymers with terminal isocyanate groups, however, those made from amines and excess polyisocyanate are generally not on storage stable and therefore not usable.

According to the invention, isocyanates are preferred which are im liquid state or, if they are solid themselves, dissolve in a solvent and then under the Conditions of use in the form of a liquid} In this form, the isocyanates are just as suitable. Furthermore is it possible to adjust the viscosity of the liquid with suitable solvents depending on the soil conditions at the to be injected Position to maintain the viscosity required for working. In general a viscosity of 1 to 2000 ops is suitable, and an isocyanate group content of $ 2 and more is desirable.

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value. Solvents used are those that do not have any groups that react with the isocyanate group and contain no water, e.g. aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic ^ hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, ethers and alkyl halides. Practical examples are benzene, toluene, xylene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, Butyl acetate, cellosolve acetate, trichlorethylene, methylene chloride, dichlorobenzene and the like.

To adjust the rate of reaction of the isocyanate compound with water contained in the soil, a suitable amount of catalysts and crosslinking agents can be added will. All suitable catalysts which the reaction are known can be used as catalysts Accelerate isocyanates with compounds containing active hydrogen, e.g. triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-Ä thy lmorpholine, N-cocomorphine, dimethylbenzylamine, triethylenediamine, N, K-dimethyl-2-methylpiperazine, pentamethyl diethylenetriamine and similar tertiary amines, or tin (II) chloride, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin oxide, Tin (II) octate and other organic tin compounds. These catalysts can be used as a mixture or with a suitable one Solvent diluted, as indicated in claim 12, can be used, and you can use them at the points penetrate the soil, which is treated according to the invention

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should be delt. Surfactants can be added to the isocyanate compounds in order to improve the contact of the isocyanate compound with water and to allow the reaction which occurs thereby to proceed uniformly or in order to control the stability of the gas bubbles of released carbon dioxide. As surfactants particularly non-ionic are from \ silicone type which are useful for the production of well-known Urethanschaume.

If the above-described additives are added to the isocyanate compounds, if necessary, and the Isoyanate compound is injected into the soil, the polymerization reaction starts the moment in the isooyanate compound with the one in the ground

Comes into contact with water, and a water-

i insoluble, gel-like, highly polymeric, solid mass in the Slits or voids or gaps between the soil particles without the defects inherent in the conventional method occurring (which are explained at the beginning of the description) i the soil is rather consolidated with immediate effect.

Isocyanate compounds generally emit carbon dioxide free when they come into contact with water} the free

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Carbon dioxide gas that is set briefly displaces excess water in the vicinity of the part to be solidified of the soil, which leads to the advantages of the invention already described.

Below are the results of comparison trials specified.

Attempt 1

A model floor is made from a layer of sand, in which the hydraulic gradient can be freely controlled. On this model floor, under the table I specified conditions, comparison tests carried out, namely with four commercially available water-soluble chemical liquids and with a prepolymer from Isocyanate type, which consists of 70 parts by weight of a bifunctional Urethane prepolymer consisted of polypropylene glycol toluene diisocyanate and 30 parts by weight of xylene as a solvent and an addition of 0.1 # (based on the total weight) silicone type surfactant and 0.5-6 triethylamine as a catalyst.

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Tabel I. Conditions at the Examples 1 to 3

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3

Grain size of

Soil sample 0.3-0.6 mm 0.6-1.2 mm 1.2-2.5 mm

Void or pore content of the soil sample 40 $ 38fo 37.5 $

hydraulic

Gradient 1.5 1.5 1.5

apparent water

closing speed 0.600 mm / sec 0.747 mm / sec 0.800 mm / sec true water flow rate 1.50 mm / sec 1.965 mm / sec 2.130 mm / sec y / water permeability

efficiency coefficient of ρ ~

Soil sample 4.00x10 _ ₂ 5.83x10

cm / sec 4.98x10 "cm / sec cm / sec

Injection compounds
lot 300 ml 300 ml 300 ml Injection pressure 0.5 kg / cm ² 0.5 kg / cm ² 0.5 kg / cm ² Injection time 20-40 see 20-40 see 20-40 sec Gel time 6O ± 5 see 60-5 sec 60-5 sec

The results of the experiments are given in Tables II to IV. The isocyanate type prepolymer of the invention showed very effective consolidation of the model floor with a strong background current.

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Table II Solidification Injections Weight supply volume onswirk Comparison Type of use Results of the first attempts men / In j ek- sameness relationship th injection Solidification tion mass cavity Injections Dimensions supply volume amount χ 100 volume/ onsmas s en- men, Injections amount per (cm ⁵ ) masses unit amount χ 100 solidify tes volu men 629.0 251.6 1.0 Prepolymer from 124.0 49.6 5.1 Isocyanate type 171.7 68.7 3.7 Acrylamide type 1 887 Water glass type 572 134.0 53.6 4.7 Urea formalin 515 153.3 61.3 4.1 Type Chromium lignin type 402 460

Tabel III 235.6 1.0 Results of the second attempts 35.0 6.3 Prepolymer from
Isocyanate type 1 860 620.0 22.3- 10.3 Acrylamide type 279 93.0 10.9 21.6 Water glass type 181 60.3 14.9 15.5 Urea formalin
Type 86 28.7 Chromium lignin type 120 40.0

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Table IV of the third attempts Injection Weight reduction i 1.0 Results Solidification onswirk- equiv 2.8 Type of use Solidification volu- sameness ratio 4.7 th injection supply volume men / inject Cavity- Injection Dimensions men clay mass volume/ mass amount 5.3 amount χ 100 Injections per unit 5.3 masses solidifiedi amount χ 100 volume W. (*) (cm ⁵ ) 197.6 Prepolymer from 520.0 71.6 Isoyanate type 1 560 183.3 41.8 Aorylamide type 565 110.0 Water glass type 330 37.7 Urea formalin 98.3 37.7 Type 295 98.3 Chromium lignin type 295

Attempt 2

A model floor formation of the sandwich type was made, one layer of sifted sand with a grain size of 0.6 to 1.2 mm in diameter between an upper one and lower impermeable clay layer is arranged. Comparative experiments were carried out on this model soil formation carried out with the aim of making the sand layer waterproof. Under the conditions given in Table V below, four different commercially available water-

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soluble chemical liquids and the isoyanate prepolymer of the invention were examined. The isocyanate type prepolymer used consisted of 70 parts by weight of a bifunctional urethane prepolymer made from toluene diisocyanate-polypropylene glycol, 10 parts by weight of acetone and 20 parts by weight of xylene with the addition of 0.2 # (based on the Total weight) triethylenediamine as a catalyst.

Table V Test conditions

Void content of the soil sample

hydraulic gradient

apparent water flow rate 1.39 am / see

true water flow rate 3 # 66 am / atc

Injection whistle Injection quantity 600 al Injection pressure 0.5 kg / o » Injection time 15-30 β ο Gel time 45 β · β

The results of Run 2 are given in Table VI. Only when using the prepolymer · το »Ι · ο-oyanate type of the invention was the degree of solidification such that that running water could be kept completely off.

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Solidification Solidification Injection water I] supply volume supply volume effectiveness effectiveness Table VI men men / In j ek- Cavity of the holding tion mass lumen / lnjek- least of Results of test 2 of sealing against amount χ 100 tion mass flowing Type of use amount χ 100 water th injection (cm ³ ) (*) inas se 4 750 7 917 300.8 away ——— __— 100 washes ___ away ___ __ _ Prepolymer from washes .—— Isocyanate type Acrylamide type 760 126.7 48.1 555 92.5 35.2 7.15 Water glass type 14.7 Urea-torma- lin type Chromium lignin type

If the isocyanate compounds are used as in Experiment 2 above, the coals are prevented from becoming plague Dioxide gas bubbles allow the gas to escape; as already mentioned, the solidification volume is increased. leaves On the other hand, if the gas is easily escaped, the gas, as already mentioned, displaces excess water in the area giving the soil to be consolidated, which becomes hard as stone. Between these two extremes you can depending on Desire intermediate results to be achieved.

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As opposed to using forced injection By changing the high pressure, for example when using a piston pump, it is possible to gradually disperse the chemical liquid at a constant, specific speed to get out of the injection tube by making the chemical liquid using a gas pressure holds under static pressure. It is possible to inject the chemical preparation without pulsing. At the same time, one maintains a good flowability of the chemical liquid, which causes a solidification of the in the injection. tion tube flowing chemical preparation completely prevented; In this way it is possible to inject the chemical preparation can be carried out effectively and flawlessly.

A method according to the invention is specified in claim 8. Is used as a gas-releasing compound Metal carbide in the form of very fine-grain powder is as shown in Embodiment 2 below becomes advantageous because the carbide forms a water-insoluble mass. ·

Version 2

A liquid preparation is used which contains a silane derivative of the general formula ^R _n ~ ^si ~ ^x (4_ _n > ¹ ^ a small amount of fine-grained silane suspended in the silane derivative

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Contains metal carbide. When this liquid preparation is used according to the invention, the liquid silane derivative reacts with water and hydrolyzes at ambient temperature to form a water-insoluble gel-like silicon compound, and the fine-grained metal carbide releases hydrocarbon gas on contact with water. i

In the formula R-Si-X / . \ R means an alkyl or. Aryl group and X an alkoxy group or a halogen atom.

The fewer carbon atoms R contains, the faster generally hydrolyzes the silane derivative and the better its flowability is, since it is effective according to the Invention can be applied.

If X «in a halogen atom, the use of the silane derivatives is restricted to those cases in which the the corrosion effect caused by released hydrogen halide can be disregarded

Silane derivatives in which X is an alkoxy group are relatively cheap and do not release any corrosive substances; on the other hand, they generally hydrolyze slowly

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- 32 One must therefore "accelerate the hydrolysis ..

An effective acceleration is achieved by admixing a small amount of an organic acid or a suitable one Amount of alcohol in which sodium alcoholate is dissolved.

fe In practice, alkoxysilanes are mostly used, such as Tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane and the like. Compared with the purified products, the raw products are low hydrochloric acid relatively "cheap and hydrolyze." quickly so that they are suitable for practice.

As fine-grained metal carbide compounds used in the above Liquid are suspended, including calcium carbide or magnesium carbide and the like. * det that react with water to form acetylene gas.

If you want a lot of gas foam, you can do so by increasing it the amount of these fine-grained metal carbides suspended in the liquid.

If calcium carbide is used, it under-hydrolyses Formation of calcium hydroxide, which due to its alkalinity accelerates the hydrolysis of the silane derivative.

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The clogging and sealing of cavities can by a method according to claim 6 using a Preparation specified in claim 25 or by a method according to claim 7 using one in claim 26 specified preparation take place.

Embodiment 3

According to the present invention, as a chemical liquid, a solution can be used which is prepared by adding a silane derivative of the general formula R-Si-R ¹ / A _n \ (wherein R ¹ does not represent halogen) described in Embodiment 2 to an isocyanate compound of the described in Embodiment 1 general formula R- (NCO) or to another isocyanate which has been obtained by reacting an isocyanate of the formula R- (NCO) with an active hydrogen-containing compound. Since in this case the isocyanate compound and the silane derivative mutually dissolve and react with water to form water-insoluble solid gels, various advantages can be achieved by using the silane derivative as a reactive diluent for the isocyanate compound. Because of their superior mechanical properties, isocyanate prepolymers, for example, which contain and through a terminal isocyanate group, are advantageous

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Reaction between an active hydrogen containing Compound and excess polyisocyanate have been prepared, which is an aromatic or aliphatic Contains remainder. In addition, isoeyanate compounds are not toxic to the human body, but most of them have Most of these isocyanate prepolymers have the disadvantage, very to be viscous so that they get little into the cavities of

Can penetrate floors and components. That's why it is necessary to adjust the viscosity by adding various organic solvents, as described in embodiment 1, reduce, but inevitably the concentration of the effective component is also reduced. However, if the solvent used is alkoxysilane compounds, such as tetraethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, Dimethoxysilane and dipropoxysilane are subject to them Solvents in contact with water hydrolysis and form silicate gels with water. That's why these can be chemical According to the invention, preparations can be used more effectively because they contain useful solid components higher concentration. In addition, such alkoxysilane compounds set in the hydrolysis alcohol is released, which in an advantageous manner the further conversion of the chemical Preparation in a solid mass accelerated because the alcohol contains active hydrogen and therefore with the isocyanate prepolymer reacts. Such a che-

909848/0551 - 35 -

mix liquid containing one with an alkoxysilane compound contains dilute isocyanate prepolymer, has a low viscosity and better penetration and yet contains the useful solid components in high concentration. By reaction with the groundwater an inorganic silicate gel is formed with simultaneous formation of gas bubbles, which is embedded in polyurethane so that a gel of very high mechanical strength is obtained. Furthermore, the use of the alkoxysilane derivative, which is cheaper compared to the isocyanate prepolymer, leads to greater economy without that the behavior of the chemical liquid is deteriorated; rather, the behavior is improved.

If the proportion of the solvent / silane derivative in relation to the isocyanate compound is reduced, the development of gas through reaction with the groundwater is reduced, but a proportion of 5 to 80% of the silane derivative is sufficient in practice. In order to accelerate the reaction with water in this case, any of the tertiary amines or organic metal compounds described in Embodiment 1 can be used as the catalyst . .. · ...- ■

- 56 909848/0551

- 56 -.

The use of a preparation specified in claim 10 is advantageous, since the hydrolysis resistance by means of sejjr fine-grain carbide powder is accelerated.

Embodiment 4 ■

If a Hückechlag valve 33, shown in FIG. 3, is used at the outlet opening 32 of an injection tube 31 for injecting a chemical preparation, this is advantageous for the following reasons.

The check valve prevents the following three failures during the injection «.. - ..

a) A backflow of the chemical liquid in the injection tube because of a backward to the decline in chemical Preparation of directional pressure as a result of an artesian; Water pressure ». · ■■ ..-

tr) a backflow of the chemical liquid due to a rise in ground pressure as a result of continuous irrigation over chemical liquid, '*''''

c) reverse pressure of the gas released by the isocyanate compounds injected into the soil.

That way, the injection of the. chemical preparation Easily and effectively done under any condition.

Furthermore, the force associated with the pressure of the gas can formed by the injected chemical liquid, attack the check valve and there Find resistance so that the injected chemical liquid is actively spread in the soil, the effective, The area sealed against water and reinforced is greatly enlarged.

Embodiment 5

The in Fig. 4 shown .Injection device 40, in which an injection tube 38 via a connection 37 to the pressure chamber 36 of the pump from. the type of hand-operated hypodermic syringe 35 is connected. With the hand-operated Piston 39 can contain the chemical in the pressure chamber 36 Liquid can be injected under an appropriate static pressure.

Here, too, it is desirable, as described in embodiment 4, to incorporate a system that acts like a check valve.

909848/0551. ₃₈ _

Execution 6

Pig. 5 shows an injection tube 45 with an open end. 46 as an outlet; the edge part 48 jumps laterally over the injection tube 45 and is together, with the cap 50, which has a sharply pointed end 49 at the outlet 46.of the injection tube} in this arrangement, the injection tube 45 is in the ground to a predetermined depth driven, then pulled out a little, the protruding edge part 48 of the cap acts as a resistance _f sp that the cap 50 is left at the point reached and the outlet 46 is opened. If the parts are arranged in advance in this way, the clogging of the outlet 46 with soil when the injection pipe is driven into the ground can be prevented; this arrangement can also be used to distribute the injected liquid preparation in a horizontal direction

Such a cap will not prevent the flow back mechanical system as described in embodiment 4, combined, injections of chemical liquids perform safer and better.

The method is carried out according to the invention according to claim 3 or 4 using a preparation specified in claim 22 or 23. '

909848/0551 - 39 -

Execution afora 7

The method of the invention can be applied extensively. rivets "only found when consolidating and strengthening the soil" also when sealing cavities in construction, e.g. cavities between concrete linings and the rock or earth in tunnels, Clay cracks in exterior basement walls or from cavities that have formed between a cement mortar plaster and building concrete; Doing this can prevent water seepage be prevented by these cavities? the cracks 58 shown for example in FIG. 6, which are located in the Have outer concrete wall 55 formed, and the cavity 60 formed between the outer concrete wall and the cement mortar lining 59ι whereby groundwater can seep through from the outside to the inside can be treated effectively.

The inventive method can also be applied effectively in case of leaky Rissen- in tunnel or water tank walls, as for example, in Fig «l _t is shown. 8 and 9 A V-shaped incision 62 is made at the crack 61, which is exposed on the face front, and! Pouring this, as shown in Fig. 8, with quick-setting mortar 63 brings out, then * as shown in Fig. 9, the injection of the chemical Zubereitimg FTIR at holes 64 to the interior of the cracks zuej geIieB _t äamn injected uni

the required amount of chemical liquid or chemical Liquid that may contain water putty or ah- ' whose fine-grained solid particles contain, through the In ^ jection holes 64 by means of a hand-operated piston " pump or a simple piston device with a nozzle 65 that fits into the injection holes 64. Because of the

^ by the internal pressure exerted by the released gas, the chemical liquid automatically fills the inside of the cracks from one end to the other, forming the solid mass 66, so that the sealing or blocking of water is achieved without error.

The results are even more beneficial when viewed as rapidly setting Mortar 63 uses a mortar made by mixing the chemical injection liquid of the invention with a powdered or fine-grained material such as natural sand and ground sand, or with an active one fine-grain powder mixes, as with water putty and water mortar. - ■:, · - · ■ - ■

This mortar binds namely without difficulty, even -if at the V-shaped notch 62 is water, and it is between the inner surfaces -des V-förmigetr incision and the mortar ^r educate a good bond * - '■ -

909848 / OSS 1 ■: ..-.:;.:

Because of the gas pressure from inside the mortar, the mortar is pressed against the insides of the V-shaped incision, leaving no unbonded parts and giving an excellent filling. In contrast to this method according to the invention, the presence of water in this work cannot expect any good effect in the various conventional methods and prevent setting. Furthermore, the solidified masses formed by the injected chemical preparation not only remain within the cavities of the components and the They can also be spread out into the vicinity of the cavities, which makes the water hold-off more effective - uh firming preparation is applied, and the site is leveled out or filled This method is particularly suited to the places where running cracks in the form of a single line and are not clear to see, and in places where water seeps...

The following method of the invention is also suitable for sealing water:

- 42 909848 / 05S1

The chemical preparation already described is made with sand, glass powder, carbon powder or other powder or fine-grained inert material or mixed with an active material such as cement mortar to form a dough-like, rapidly setting mortar. This rapidly setting mortar becomes dehydrating at the stage shown in FIG used. If a small amount of water is added to the mixture of the chemical liquid, it becomes a good one Solidification of the solid masses achieved, with the amount of catalyst added to the desired setting rate will be voted on. In order to have enough water on the inner surfaces of the V-shaped cut, it is desirable to spray water beforehand.

In the procedure according to the invention, the disadvantages of the conventional methods do not occur, but rather is now a quick sealing of leaks

possible" :

Since it takes a long time for the leakage water to react with the front surface of the filled preparation, it remains maintain the plasticity suitable for filling long enough so that this has the advantage that there is enough time to keep the processed surface clean and with to close flush with the unprocessed surrounding surfaces

9098A8 / 0SS1

Due to the above-mentioned additives to the chemical So liquid is obtained a dough-like mixture that is applied like cement mortar, but with a result leads that was not achieved with cement mortar; whether the sealing material in one for working and sealing optimal consistency is maintained or whether it is used directly for sealing, it is possible in each case that Water through immediate solidification of the backfill material to hold. .

Since the chemical liquid polymexizes on contact with water and at the same time releases gas, it is understandable in view of the preceding explanation that an accurate and effective sealing against water can be achieved.

The method according to the invention can not only work on water leaks Places used for components located in the ground are, but also with water tank walls, retaining walls, Bösehungsoberflachen and the like.

The following experiment illustrates the process of the Abducted against water "

909848/0551

attempt

Cracks appeared in the 3 years and 5 months after construction Foundation slat of a reinforced concrete building on the 13 m below the groundwater level on a sandy-pebbly mountain layer. The crack was about 1 ntm wide and about 3.5 m long and let through about 150 liters of water per minute. To seal this leak against the through. "..- :. There were three holes in the foundation slab along the ream in seeping high pressure groundwater Drilled at approximately equal intervals; In each drilled hole an injection tube was inserted, which was injected with a Cap as shown in Fig. 5 and an anti-backflow mechanism as shown in Fig. 3 was equipped. The injection tube got so wide introduced that the pointed cap came to lie about 20 cm below the foundation plate in the ground; through each Injection tube were about 80 liters of chemical liquid injected containing an isocyanate type prepolymer.

As a result of the injection, about $ 10 of the total occurred injected chemical liquid from the gap and flowed over the foundation slab, during most of the remaining chemical liquid filled the gap and soil below and solidified; the leakage of

909848 / 0SS1 - 45 -

Water through the gap decreased to about 2 l / min.

Furthermore, a V-shaped incision was partially made where the seal was imperfect, and As shown in Fig. 9, holes for chemical liquid injection are drilled and made around the V-shaped incision are filled with rapidly setting mortar} then through these holes a total of 1 1 of the chemical liquid containing the isocyanate-type prepolymer with a simple, hand-operated Injection pump as shown in Fig. 4 has been injected was, the seepage of water through the crack completely stopped. The used here, a prepolymer from Chemical liquid containing isocyanate type was the same as that used in Experiment 2 of Embodiment 1 became ι the fast-setting one used for filling Mortar consisted of 1 & each part of this prepolymer of the isocyanate type, 3 parts by weight of sifted river sand with an average grain size of 0.1 to 0.3 mm in diameter and 0.4 parts of water after mixing together the Components allowed the mortar to handle in a desirable manner.

909348/0551

Embodiment 8

The method according to the invention can also be used for the construction of piles with great resistance to being pulled out or pushed in.

fig * 10 shows an example of built into a slope, anchors supporting the ground. An injection tube 72 is driven into a predetermined depth, into which, in a certain length, from the sharply pointed end 70, as in FIG as shown, numerous outlet holes 71 are drilled. Of the the chemical liquid containing tank 74 is connected by a hose 75 to the head 73 of the injection tube. The chemical liquid is forced into injection tube 72 under static pressure provided by a Air compressor 76 is supplied, and runs out through the Aua-IaSöffnungen dta Injtungsrohr «and is in the Injected soil 77. There the cheap liquid reacts on contact with the water contained in the soil to form large, piston-shaped, solidified lumps of air 78 around the one provided with outlet openings Drilling part 71; the lump of earth gives the injection tube 72 sufficient resistance to being pulled out or being driven in,

909348/0551

The number and diameter of the outlet holes on the pipe part 71 depends on the optimal conditions, taking into account the geological conditions in the ground, the desired shape and size of the piston-shaped, solidified lump of earth, the viscosity resistance of the chemical liquid and the load-bearing capacity of the transverse profile of the injection pipe.
f

One carries out the injection of that with one shown in FIG Cap provided at the end of the injection pipe, so you can produce solidified clods of earth that have the load-bearing capacity can increase; it is also possible to use the injection pipe as a support pile. In this case the lateral outlet openings are used to further increase the load-bearing capacity, and it is clear that the solidified clods of earth coming from the side openings increase the load-bearing capacity of the stake.

If you want to bring the injection tube into the ground, you drive it, as already mentioned, with the outlet openings at the bottom in the ground; the chemical liquid then injected forms on contact with water a water-insoluble solidified hasse and at the same time releases gas, creating piston-shaped or cylindrical solidified egg clumps without the conventional

909848/0651 "* ⁸

drive occurring and already described defects be formed; Anchors with great resistance to being pulled out can be built easily and quickly, e.g. Anchors for retaining walls, bridge piers, for adjusting the ground movement in retaining walls and the like, lattice anchors For retaining walls in rock holes, in landslide areas and on slopes, anchors to stabilize the foundations of buildings where horizontal forces such as wind pressure or earthquake, attack, from piles with increased load-bearing capacity at the end and the like.

In the traditional method of injecting a mixture of two chemical liquids, the chemical preparation flows away without going around the injection tube to be concentrated and not expected to form piston-like solidified clods of earth; against it flows in the method according to the invention, the former Liquid out of the injection tube reacts perfectly with the cavity water in the vicinity of the drill and there forms piston-like solidified lumps of earth; by the filling of the cracks and voids in the soil around the anchors with the solidifying preparation will be the rapidly strengthened in weaker parts of the bottom; it is therefore possible to avoid unforeseen incidents, which occur when the starch subsides due to unforeseen uneven soil formations.

909848/0551.

The great pull-out Soher resistance that comes with conventional Procedure cannot be expected "is based on the following:

1. In the anchors produced according to the invention, the usual mechanical frictional force, which results from the Coefficient of friction and the normal pressure corresponding to the depth of the soil results, between the piston-like solidified Lumps of earth and the side surface of the anchor rod.

2. Due to the adhesion formed between the surface of the chemical injection liquid solid mass and the surface of the anchor rod, there is an extraordinarily large physico-chemical bond * force before.

3. Because by injecting the chemical liquid through the outlet openings of the injection tube (or the Anchor rod) is a permanent high polymer solid mass ring around the injection tube and the Is formed inside the injection pipe, a riveting effect can be expected at the outlet ports, which causes an extraordinarily large Aueaieh-Soher-Resistance between the piston-like solidified Brdkluapen and the anchor tab.

309848/0551 -50 -

Anchors built according to the method of the invention immediately give the required strength, so that it is in Emergency is possible to use the anchor at the moment in which the ohemische fluid used is Contact with water reacts to solidify and to get hard; on the other hand, almost all solidified masses which have been produced with the conventional water-soluble injection chemicals such as sodium aluminate, water glass, urea resins, phenolic resins, acrylamide, chromium lignin and the like., have the disadvantage of swelling, softening and losing strength in the presence of groundwater. In contrast to these known preparations the preparations of the invention have the great advantage » that they become even more solid in the presence of groundwater *

A special feature of the ohemiion preparations used according to the invention, with water with the irrigation of gas and with the formation of waeeerunlöeliohen Maftaen rude, Sa · fralgeige Gaa presses the ground against the outer surface dee eenkreoht au dieeen Forces arranged injection tubes so-called radial bridges are created in this way the bond between the soil and the injection tube is improved) with the increase in the volume of the solidified lump of earth becomes an extraordinarily large one

• 0984 ^ / 0011 - 51 -

Solier resistance generated against pulling out. To this It is possible to build a very strong anchor.

According to the invention, a pile specified in claim 35 with a porous piston in the ground can be obtained.

Attempts to achieve pull-out forces are described below to produce a resisting pile, i.e. a tie rod. .

Attempt 1

Solid test pieces 300 mm in diameter and 500 mm in length were produced from sand in a press mold by "water ^{compacting" 11} "-Cormsand according to JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) R 5201-1964 was used. A steel pipe was inserted into each of the compacted sand regions to a depth of 15 cm

driven in from 17.3 mm outer diameter, / the 7 | 5 cm from the lower end removed outlet holes 1 mm in diameter in the Spacing of 1.5 cm were drilled. A chemical preparation was obtained by making a prepolymer with an isocyanate group content of 25%, which by Reaction of polypropylene oxide triol with an OH value of

- 52 909848 / OS51

300 with an 80:20 mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate has been prepared, a mixture adds that $ 20 (based on the prepolymer) xylene and $ 2 Contains (based on the prepolymer) triethylamine. The chemical preparation was injected through each tube. 20 hours later, the specimens were removed from the press and hardened by immersion in water * After 3 days, tests were carried out on the steel pipes pull out, and the results showed that when using the sand with a grain size of 0.6 to 1.2 mm for Pulling out a force of 1012.5 kg and when using the Toyoura standard sand such a force of 1437> 8 kg was necessary. Very large pull-out shear resistances of 12.5 kg / cm or 175 kg / cm were achieved.

k attempt 2

Two 4 »8 m long gas pipes 1 inch in diameter were made at a reasonable distance to a depth of 4f8 m im driven at right angles into a 45 ° steep slope. The prepolymer used in Experiment 1 was injected through each of these tubes, but with 10% xylene diluted and with 1 $ (based on the diluted prepolymer) Triethylamine was mixed. At the outlet openings (piston-shaped part) of each injection tube was located

- 53 909848/05 51

a sandy gravel layer, which in the mix a large number Contained 50 to 100 mm large pebbles. In this case, there were outlet holes in the injection pipes at the outlet part 3 mm in diameter at a distance of 5 cm in two staggered rows, with one tube in a length of 25 cm and the other tube in a length of 55 cm. Through the pipe with holes in one area 25 cm were once 3 kg and another time 12 kg of chemical preparation injected, and through the tube with holes in the range of 55 cm, one time 6 kg and another time 24 kg of chemical preparation was injected. It Pull-out tests were carried out in the axial direction of the pipes. For comparison, pipes were also tested by which no chemical preparation has been injected was. The results of the tests showed that the pull-out force was in the pail where no ohemical preparation was injected was below 0.5 t, whereas the pull-out force when injecting 3 kg of chemical preparation was 3 t, for 6 kg it was 5.6 t, for 12 kg it was 6.0 t and for 24 kg 8 t. .

909848/0551

1314554

The preceding results show that the inventive Procedure is an excellent procedure.

The injection of the chemical preparation can not be done only after the injection tubes are inserted into the ground have been driven to a predetermined depth, but rather the injection can also be carried out during the driving process of the injection pipe, but also during the pipe after it has been completely driven into the predetermined depth something is pulled out again. .

A spiral projection or spiral grooves can also be arranged on the injection tube, which gives the injection tube a rotary movement when it is driven in, which not only facilitates driving it into the ground, but also greatly increases the pull-out resistance. The injection tube may have the spiral protrusion or the grooves on the lower part or the middle part; when it jedooh the spiral metallic projection or the groove on the part of the outer surface has, where the outlet openings are so characterized a better bond between the solidified lumps of earth and the SPI _v rushing projection or the groove is achieved and there is obtained a better Result. .

- 55 909848/0551

Execution form 9

As shown in Fig. 11, is the outer diameter of the part 82 in which the outlet openings 81 are bored, of the injection tube 80 smaller than the diameter of the the remaining part of the injection pipe, it is not only possible to prevent the openings from being clogged by soil, and reduce the driving resistance, but also the binding force between the solidified clods of earth and the injection tube 80 is much larger, which is effective when, as described in the embodiment 8, the injection pipe itself is used as a tie rod or as a support pile.

Embodiment 10

FIG · 12 a modified construction showing the end of an injection tube 93 _f in which a number of holes are drilled 91 in the region of the outlet openings at certain locations in certain distance from the koriusförmigen end portion 90, said holes are inclined such that their axes in the direction of the inside of the injection tube form an acute angle θ with the driving direction of the injection tube.

Even when using such an injection

- 56 909848/0551

rolirs a certain amount of earth penetrates into the outlet openings, so the soil particles are moved out when driving the pipe by the blows according to the law of inertia, so that the clogging of the outlet openings with Earth is considerably reduced and the outflow of the chemical preparation both in radial and in φ axial direction from the injection tube in the desired Areas is ensured; This way it is easier to get solidified clods of earth in the desired shape and size ^ This modification also serves to increase the pull-out resistance when the injection tube even to be used as a post with pull-out resistance.

In contrast, the conventional ones, in the ground. to be driven injection tubes outlet openings where the hole axis forms a right angle with the longitudinal axis of the injection tube, so that it is driven in it is difficult to prevent the penetration of soil into the holes and the rapid clogging of the holes. A clog not only reduces the number of outlet openings,

but prevented; also that the chemical preparation penetrates into the desired point of the soil layer © _f so that the origins].! oh the intended consolidation is not achieved ρ should li © i such known processes that

9098 4 8 / 0BBt '- -57-

Injection pipe, as already mentioned, used as a support pile are the number of inside-out connections of the injection pipe with the solidified Mass, which is an important functional element for increasing the pull-out or driving-in shear resistance represent, so that it is difficult to create anchors or piles with the originally expected pull-out resistance or the original expected load capacity. .-- '; ■.

These difficulties become apparent when using the in the Embodiment 10 described injection tubes effectively remedied.

It is clear that these difficulties are effectively eliminated by using the injection tube described in embodiment 9 , but the type of injection tube described in embodiment 10 is much more practical from a manufacturing point of view.

Embodiment 11

The method according to the invention can also be used for the construction of structures located in the ground, which can be used effectively as water-repellent walls .

- 58 -909848/0551

. - 58 -

In the case of a water-repellent wall made according to a conventional Injection method is built in the form of a continuous series of piles, as shown in Fig. 13 shows, consist of solidified earth, the effective area for keeping water out is the hatched area Zone 95 shown, and the non-hatched zone 96 is only built for convenience, but is functionally not necessary. The ones used in zone 96 chemical preparations are wasted. In order to reduce the amount of chemical preparation used, the distance between the injection tubes is reduced and at the same time solidified the radius of the pile-shaped Srde. Here, however, the number of injection. pipes 97 are increased so that the economic disadvantage cannot be avoided. If you reduce the radius of the pile-shaped solidified soil, they tend driven injection pipes 97 during the construction of a water-repellent Wall of great depth · to move out of position, causing difficulties in building a continuous waeserabhaltenden wall leads.

If, on the other hand, a chemical injection liquid is used, which is insoluble in water when it comes into contact with water Forms solid mass and at the same time releases gas, so is the formation of cell-like solidified clumps of earth

909848 / 0SS1 ~ ⁵⁹ -

possible. In this case, the chemical injection liquid is first injected through the injection tube into the soil and then injected before the chemical preparation reacts by reacting with water in the cavities of the soil to form a gel, so as long as the flowable state of the chemical preparation continues, a suitable amount of what- | water or another liquid through the same injection tube. This method is claimed in claims 15 and 16. In this two-step process, the chemical preparation injected first is pressed to the points distant from the outlet openings of the injection tube by the injection of the second liquid.This way, it is possible to form cell-like solidified clumps of earth in the soil, in which the interior does not solidify is. In this case, since the inner part of the solidified lump of earth has not come into contact with the water in the cavities of the bath, the solidification of the inner part is delayed. If , however, water is used as the liquid injected later, this has the advantage of rapid solidification, since while the outside of the cell-like solidified lump of earth comes into contact with the water in the cavities of the ground, the inner part of the lump of earth with the later injxKie red water in,

909848/0551 ~ 6G ~

BADORIGiMAL

Contact is that ep both the Innen'- and die_ outside "of the solidified Erdklumpens into contact with water is · Substituting the as the second in; water used) ektionsf lüe <ing into smaller amount of a Kata" lyst to that before mix the Reaction of the injected chemical liquid with the water / accelerated, 00, the solidification of the earth lump is accelerated from the inside.Just the reaction between the chemical preparation and the later indicated water, carbon dioxide gas is released, whereupon the previously indicated chemical preparation by the yen The gas pressure is automatically dipped on the outside1, so the consolidation level is achieved without any additional work and an excellent mistake is obtained.

2 for the formation of meehaniseh feeteö verftstifle » or to AWslttn yqr more often AMichtia i «gi» is in the aiif

the wastes of "lio.c ^ ajiatiiyp hastened, verwenietea iit? lE§Ämlielitii ärisojiea

üTstlegeÄ «1t« Irfiniumg ef & tt &% \ .clureli .Atta dta VerMsÄttugt »from the lioeyaaattyf elgtata eiata-feg
liiliigea

The previously described method for soil consolidation is claimed in claim 31 and a pile with a cellular piston is claimed in claim 34

Fig. 14 shows in perspective and partly in section a in the soil, liquid-tight wall built WUR de by a multistage InjeJctionsverfahren, wherein the injection work were repeated in the vertical sighting using, successively, cellular solidified lumps of earth 98, and thus continuously a pole-shaped solidified lumps of earth 99 was formed. If these pile-shaped, solidified lumps of earth 99 are connected in the horizontal direction, a wall 100 of honeycomb-like construction results.

In this liquid-tight wall, the in Fig. 14 Zones marked with horizontal dashed lines 101 and 102 represent a double wall, which against Seals liquid more effectively. The front and rear zones 101 and 102 of the continuous liquid-tight Wall are connected to one another at zone 103, so that the wall is very solid and, as a liquid-tight wall in the floor, is highly reliable can be used.

Ba is a curved, neck-shaped, solidified lump of earth is present and the shell-like part thereof contains the bottom parts that make up the bottom, the The amount of solidifying material kept very small will. Even if the soil conditions inside and outside the bowl-like part are many Change years after its construction, the structure in the ground remains mechanically strong enough and can be keep in a tough condition as it is firm and has a large bending moment. In addition, the construction is very simple and economical, as neither an excavation or the driving of prefabricated piles, for which the expenditure of great energy is necessary, is. If the indented and spread chemical preparation begins to solidify, they are External and internal pressures essentially balanced; under' under these conditions the chemical attack is consolidated preparation to form an arcuate, bowl-like body so that the bowl-like body does not Only catch large pressures from the outside as is the case with construction, with dfer ^ a drischer concrete pile is inserted into a pre-drilled hole. The sehalen-like body does not need it

designed to withstand normal earth pressure v wäif fet has great advantage that after solidification

909848 / OSS1

errqiqjrke total strength for 4§n desired purpose is available,.

In this arrangement, the components according to the invention, which are located in the test areas, 31 ₁ and 34, can be effectively used to improve the quality of life. The support of the floor (vertical and horizontal branches) is used

In the case of the process of building components found in the lodes, one prefers to use as a fluid that presses the chemical preparation and spreads one that defines the solidification of the two Even if %% s fug§igkel ^ _t the QkeiiiBGhe ^ uhereitung presses and spreads, one of whose liquid as a barrel tr v «rwfndl» t throws ι SQ

usd the qhemigeht guktrgitung g y are supplied, in & tm gwei Sotef m 97 ^ o indicated & logging values, d ^ g §ie sit of the In | e ^ ttengr © hr f t üfeer © to

NS? 4ea lukewarm one

in ieijiiftv ^ rt ^ iitvt ^ fahyfa «it tiaem

iOif4i / oiii

3 m in diameter should be built »The tunnel should be driven in a water-containing, sandy layer that is prone to cracks In the experiment, injection pipes were driven into the ground at a distance of 80 cm in a grid-like pattern at the point on the ground that was in front of the shield in the direction of the shield drive. Injection tubes were injected sequentially in a multi-stage process, and a honeycomb-like structure was formed in the ground, which extended over the space hollowed out during shield driving and consisted of coherent, cell-like solidified lumps of earth, as shown in FIG. 15. The vertical distance between each step was 1.2 m. 40 l of chemical liquid containing an isocyanate-type prepolymer were first injected. Immediately thereafter, 50 liters of water were injected through the same injection tube, in order to spread the initially injected chemical preparation into a wider area by pushing} the same work was repeated at each stage, and so the cell-like solidified clods of earth were vertically and vertically

909848/0551 - 65 -

right standing, horizontal directions connected with each other.

The honeycomb soil structure formed in this way consolidated the cut surfaces produced during shield driving and had a suitable strength which did not cause difficulties during shield driving, and a complete waterproofing effect and made shield driving extremely safe and easy. The chemical injection liquid used in this case consisted of 70 parts by weight of modified bifunctional urethane prepolymer of polypropylene glycol / toluene diisocyanate, modified with hydrocarbon resin, and 30 parts by weight of xylene as a diluent; the isocyanate content was 18.5 ~ 6 and the viscosity at 20 ^° C. was 16.7 cps. 0.5 $ (based on the total amount) of triethylamine was added to this mixture as a catalyst to accelerate the reaction. The water injected after the chemical preparation was injected was ordinary fresh water to which 0.1% triethylamine was added as a hardening accelerator.

Execution3form 12

In Embodiment 11, the one formed in the ground was made solidified structure described in such a way that it

909848/0551 " ⁶⁶ "

has like hollow parts in the form of individual cells this arrangement is particularly effective in the case of a water-repellent wall located in the ground. But should a solidified structure such as that claimed in claim 33 Ground stake, which has the shell-like hollow parts only to consolidate the ground, so can these hollow parts be of the type of a coherent foam, in which each cell is partially connected to adjacent ones Cells and connected to the outside.

The shell-like parts can be used to consolidate the soil be shaped to be three-dimensionally connected as shown in Fig. 15. In this way one can claim 31 stressed hardened soil can be obtained. In Fig. 15, numeral 110 denotes a solidified cup-like part and the number 111 denotes a connecting part, the connection between adjacent Manufactures hollow parts 11.2, which in turn are surrounded by solidified shell-like parts. In reality the shell-like parts are irregularly shaped.

Above are examples of different application forms of the underlying method of the invention be

909848/0551

wrote '. The method of the invention differs from the theoretically completely "conventional methods in the Ar't Sier Verf eat FINISH -the chemical Plüseigkeiteii used. The inventive method we.rden those various difficulties Upscale" the inadequacy of the control of the solidification rate of · chemical preparations and tjngenauigkeiten that are unavoidable in the conventional methods, resulting _e As mentioned earlier, daa method of the invention not only limited to soil consolidation, it may rather sfehr also effective · to. sealing ^ Onea water-permeable part of the building, for building piles fixed in the ground, such as anchors or support piles, or for building components located in the ground, e.g. liquid-tight walls, are used,

-Some preferred embodiments of the invention have been made Ulster reference to the figures explained, but can these embodiments cannot be changed in many ways. It goes without saying that the invention does not apply to the Embodiments is limited, and the embodiments, as long as there is no contradiction, they can be exchanged for one another or combined with one another.

909848/0551

BATH ORIGINAL

1914654.

The invention thus relates to a method for soil consolidation and for sealing floors and components in the Civil engineering and construction. The method can be used for sealing and consolidation of unstable soil, for sealing water- or oil-permeable places in civil engineering and Construction, to prevent gas permeability in A soils or in part of the building or to increase the load-bearing capacity of stakes, with extraction or driving resistance be used"

The invention thus provides a method for sealing soil formations with cavities and a method for compacting soil formations düfcii prefilling the cavities with a solidifying mass; the invention provides f $ mw <eiü method züf formation; a reinforced Boäenstruktur which thereby gekennzeich- w net IGT that a flowable formulation, for example, an isocyanate compound, which reacts when in contact with Waeeer to form a solidified mass waaeerunlöslichen üäa eiil §as freiseii-fe, IÖ the aöhlrälime ä # r \ z Böäiiifirmitiönehi «B. Wasöeründicht spoth during the construction, or in a soil or weak soil, where a seepage of fasieff is to be strengthened «gearüakt wifd * Io UaB li # filil-

mii am W & MM & r§ägi # f-li üöd ■ &&& iääfi dii '

formed insoluble solidified mass under the pressure of the released gas can be intimately bonded to the surfaces of the cavities, the cavities easily and effectively sealed.

Patent claims:

90 9 848/0551

Claims (1)

Patent claims * 1 . Method for sealing or plugging soil formations in civil engineering and construction, characterized thereby net that one is a flowable preparation which, on contact with water, forms a water-insoluble one solidified substance and reacting with the release of a grass into the cavities of a soil formation can penetrate and react with the water located in the cavities, with in the cavities solidified hatred is formed and a gas is released. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the flowable preparation is a liquid. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flowable preparation contains fine-grain solid particles .; ,. / ·. ^. -., -, .. * v-. ·. ■■ ..-. ■ · .. -:, ^v 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the flowable preparation contains cement » 5. VerfMEreii-according to claim 1, characterized in that äw8'äk & * fMMB $ är & preparation a 'an Isocyäria "tv% r ^ * bond containing liquid 6 »Method according to claim T, characterized in that that the flowable preparation contains a dissolved, flowable material which has the viscosity of the flowable preparation and which, on contact with water, reacts with this to form a solidified mass. 7 * The method according to claim 6, characterized in that that the flowable preparation is a mixture of an Isoöjfänätvefbverbindungen and a silane derivative contains * B4 Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the flowable preparation contains a liquid * which reacts with water on contact with water to form a water-insoluble solidified mass and contains a substance which reacts with water on contact with the release of a gas. $ i method according to claim 8, characterized * that dei? Substance a fine-grained, puiver'föriiigms 1Ö * Veffähfeii naöh that the flowable preparation is a mixture of an iso cyanate compoundj a silane derivative and a German 1. «Ρ ** .- · O. SWF räfS8T! itt S MÜNCO 2, Kabushiki. Kaisha ■ _; . ■: - - · 181 455% Takenakeu Komuten AnWaltsakten-Jür. 18 261 11. The method nach.Anspruch 1 ₁ characterized in _t \ _ by first water into the cavities of a Bpdenförmation and then penetrate the fließbäfe preparation in space can diäse j where it reacts with the previously water and thereby einfe in the cavities solidified mass yfer ~ forms. . . . ,;., \ 2i process with demands ii \ dadiiröh gelceniiziiiiiii ^ t that the water to be added beforehand contains one for the solidification; \% i method according to claim 2j thereby i ^ iEiM ^ ilieiinit %. If the liquid was poured out iii the Böäifi Stis | ifiöä§el is% V vöii this Mäilußsteiie or a taSiÜäfiSn Steile ', while the "external, see FMsäiikiitl nSgft liiiß) är lsi i eiiaßi éiiaeri liie- iißbären fabric iif di§ flieifeäre Zutereitüäg iiidiuö & t »üfiä IaI Mä #sM ■ 'aiii flowbäfe Zuberiiluäg by äeaktiön mli barrels with the formation of a deserved stick s6häl§as greed zil body in the ground ^ §r'fisti # eö § ■ §11487 ftllf - 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that that the flowable substance consists of water, which passes through Reaction with the flowable preparation solidifies it 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the water is mixed with an accelerator which accelerates the solidification of the flowable preparation. 16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a preparation is used as the means for carrying it out with a content of products which on contact with water with this to form a water-insoluble solidified mass and in the open? react with the release of a gas. ■ _..... _i; ,. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that that the remedy consists only of a liquid. ■ - t: 18. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that. that the agent consists of a flowable preparation that is used in. Contact with water reacts with this with the formation of a water-insoluble solidified mass and with the release of a gas, and fine-grained solid particles consists. ■ - 74 - 19. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that that the agent is a preparation that comes into contact with Water with this with the formation of a water-insoluble solidified mass and with the release of a gas reacts, and contains water putty powder. 20. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that that the agent contains an isocyanate compound. 21. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that that the means from a first fluid preparation, which on contact with water with this under formation a water-insoluble solidified mass and reacts with the release of a gas, and a second flowable preparation consists in which the first flowable preparation dissolves and which on contact with Water reacts with this to form a solidified mass. 22. The method according to claim 20, characterized in ~ that the agent is a Gemisch'enthält, ^'that: from a IAEA ^ * - is ¹ cyanate compound and a silane derivative. 23. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that that the agent is a flowable preparation which, when touched with water with this to form a water- 909848/0551 - 75 - ever, -. . * ■ m insoluble solidified mass reacts, and contains a substance, which on contact with water with this under Release of a gas reacts. 24. The method according to claim 23 *, characterized in that that the substance that comes into contact with water with * this A metal carbide reacts with the release of a gas is in the form of a fine-grained powder ", 25. The method according to claim 16, characterized! that the agent is an isocyanate compound, a Siienaerivät and a metal carbide in the form of eiöes feiii * granular powder contains * 26i method according to claim 16, characterized - in that the means is a teigförmiges mixture eiiien a flowable preparation which reacts upon contact with water to form a water-insoluble with this reinforced materials, Slasse and to release a gas, and the like. contains active or inert substance in the form of a powder or fine-grained particles 9098A8 / 0551 Blank page