DE168412C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE168412C DE168412C DENDAT168412D DE168412DA DE168412C DE 168412 C DE168412 C DE 168412C DE NDAT168412 D DENDAT168412 D DE NDAT168412D DE 168412D A DE168412D A DE 168412DA DE 168412 C DE168412 C DE 168412C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- alloy
- percent
- chromium
- tungsten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical group [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel tungsten Chemical compound [Ni].[W] MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIKBQDZWNWMZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[U] Chemical compound [Ni].[U] OIKBQDZWNWMZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/851—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions
- H10N10/854—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions comprising only metals
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.
Den Gegenstand vorliegender Erfindung bildet ein Thermoelement, dessen eine Elektrode aus einem Metall der Chromgruppe (Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram, Uran) oder einer Legierung eines solchen Metalles mit Nickel besteht. Legierungen von Metallen der Chromgruppe mit Eisen sind für Thermoelemente bereits verwendet worden.The subject of the present invention is a thermocouple, one of which is an electrode from a metal of the chromium group (chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, uranium) or an alloy of such a metal with Nickel is made. Alloys of metals of the chromium group with iron are for thermocouples has already been used.
Wenn indes, gemäß vorliegender Erfindung,If, however, according to the present invention,
ίο die Elektrode eines thermoelektrischen Elementes ganz aus einem Metall der Chromgruppe oder aus einer Legierung eines dieser Metalle mit Nickel besteht, so. erhält man z. B. mit Kupfer als anderer Elektrode ein Element von weit höherer elektromotorischer Kraft, als wenn man eine Legierung eines Metalles der Chromgruppe mit Eisen oder Stahl verwendet. Wolframstahl, welcher ungefähr 19 Prozent Wolfram enthält, liefert mit reinem Kupfer als anderer Elektrode bei einer Temperatur von 1000 ° C. ungefähr eine elektromotorische Kraft von 0,003 Volt. Ein Wolframstahl, der ungefähr 2,5 Prozent Wolfram enthält, ergibt unter denselben Bedingungen eine elektromotorische Kraft von 0,005Volt. In jedem Fall zeigt sich Wolframstahl positiv zu Kupfer. Dagegen wird mit einer Nickel-Wolfram-Legierung von weniger als 30 Prozent Wolframgehalt bei 10000 C. eine elektromotorische Kraft von 0,012 Volt erhalten. Die Legierung verhält sich dabei negativ zum Kupfer. Nickelchromlegierung mit ungefähr 10 Prozent Chromgehalt liefert unter gleichen Bedingungen 0,013 Volt, Nickel-Molybdänlegierung mit ungefähr 15,6Prozent Molybdän 0,017 Volt. Auch diese Legierungen verhalten sich negativ zum Kupfer.ίο the electrode of a thermoelectric element consists entirely of a metal from the chromium group or an alloy of one of these metals with nickel, so. you get z. B. with copper as the other electrode, an element of far higher electromotive force than when using an alloy of a metal of the chromium group with iron or steel. Tungsten steel, which contains approximately 19 percent tungsten, with pure copper as the other electrode, provides approximately an electromotive force of 0.003 volts at a temperature of 1000 ° C. A tungsten steel containing approximately 2.5 percent tungsten gives an electromotive force of 0.005 volts under the same conditions. In any case, tungsten steel is positive to copper. In contrast, with a nickel-tungsten alloy with less than 30 percent tungsten content at 1000 ° C., an electromotive force of 0.012 volts is obtained. The alloy behaves negatively to copper. Nickel-chromium alloy with approximately 10 percent chromium content delivers 0.013 volts under the same conditions, nickel-molybdenum alloy with approximately 15.6 percent molybdenum delivers 0.017 volts. These alloys also behave negatively to copper.
Nickellegierungen der Metalle der Chrömgruppe haben ferner gegenüber den Eisenlegierungen den Vorzug höherer Schmelzpunkte und der geringeren Oxydationsgefahr und sind daher bei noch höheren Temperaturen als jene verwendbar.Nickel alloys of the metals of the chromium group also have advantages over iron alloys the preference for higher melting points and the lower risk of oxidation and are therefore at even higher temperatures usable as those.
Beim Aufbau eines Thermoelementes der angegebenen Art ist es vorteilhaft, den positiven Teil aus Nickel oder Kobalt oder aus einer Legierung von Nickel (ungefähr 35 Prozent) und Kupfer (ungefähr 65 Prozent) zu bilden. Die letztere Elektrode hat einen Schmelzpunkt, der weit über 10500 C, also dem ungefähren Schmelzpunkt von reinem Kupfer, liegt.When constructing a thermocouple of the type indicated, it is advantageous to form the positive part from nickel or cobalt or from an alloy of nickel (approximately 35 percent) and copper (approximately 65 percent). The latter electrode has a melting point that is well above 1050 ° C., that is to say the approximate melting point of pure copper.
Die negative Elektrode kann aus einer der folgenden Legierungen bestehen:The negative electrode can be made of one of the following alloys:
1. Chrom-Nickel,1. Chromium-nickel,
2. Molybdän-Nickel,2. molybdenum-nickel,
3. Wolfram-Nickel,3. tungsten-nickel,
4. Uran-Nickel.4. Uranium-Nickel.
Da das Uran zur Zeit selten und teuer ist, so muß von dessen Verwendung aus diesem Grunde noch in der Praxis Abstand genommen werden. Es ist vorteilhaft, den negativen Bestandteil aus einer Legierung von Chrom (10 Prozent) und Nickel (90 Prozent) oder Molybdän (15 Prozent) und Nickel (85 Prozent) oder Wolfram (20 Prozent) und Nickel (80 Prozent) herzustellen, indessenSince uranium is rare and expensive at the moment, its use must result from this Basically, this should still be avoided in practice. It is beneficial to have the negative component made from an alloy of chromium (10 percent) and nickel (90 percent) or molybdenum (15 percent) and nickel (85 percent) or tungsten (20 percent) and nickel (80 percent), meanwhile
sind auch andere als die angegebenen Verhältnisse brauchbar. Es können auch zwei oder mehrere Metalle der Chromgruppe mit Nickel legiert werden und liefern in dieser Verbindung wünschenswerte Resultate.ratios other than those specified can also be used. It can also be two or several metals of the chromium group are alloyed with nickel and deliver in this Link desirable results.
Jede der beschriebenen Legierungen von Nickel mit einem Metall der erwähnten Chromgruppe verhält sich elektronegativ zu der Legierung von Nickel mit Kupfer, und ίο eine Stange der einen Legierung kann leicht mit der Stange der anderen Legierung zu einem Thermoelement verschweißt werden.Any of the alloys of nickel described with a metal of the ones mentioned Chromium group is electronegative to the alloy of nickel with copper, and ίο a rod of one alloy can easily interfere with the rod of the other alloy too be welded to a thermocouple.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE168412T |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE168412C true DE168412C (en) |
Family
ID=5687221
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DENDAT168412D Active DE168412C (en) |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE168412C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR349632A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2343143A1 (en) * | 1972-08-28 | 1974-03-14 | Engelhard Min & Chem | THERMOCOUPLE |
| US5715549A (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1998-02-10 | Asc Incorporated | Sink assembly enclosed within drawer |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3411956A (en) * | 1963-10-15 | 1968-11-19 | Hoskins Mfg Company | Thermocouple with nickel-containing elements |
-
0
- DE DENDAT168412D patent/DE168412C/de active Active
-
1904
- 1904-12-28 FR FR349632A patent/FR349632A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2343143A1 (en) * | 1972-08-28 | 1974-03-14 | Engelhard Min & Chem | THERMOCOUPLE |
| US5715549A (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1998-02-10 | Asc Incorporated | Sink assembly enclosed within drawer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR349632A (en) | 1905-06-07 |
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